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Information about “WINNING EDGE-LOTTO”
THE WINNING EDGE-LOTTO is a complete system of lottery game
management, providing the eight most popular methods of lottery number
selection and explaining the theory for each. The program is extremely
easy to learn and use and could improve your chances to become a better
lotto player.
Choose from a selection of lottery numbers using the eight most popular
methods: non-random analysis, hot numbers, cold numbers, hot & cold
numbers, random numbers, defensive random theory, trend analysis and
numerology.
Record lottery tickets purchased and lottery numbers drawn in the past
52 drawings. The tickets bought will be checked for winning numbers
after each drawing. Statistical tools are provided to analyze past
data. An automatic or manual wheeling system is also available.
THE WINNING EDGE-LOTTO can be used for all lotteries ranging from Pick
Four of 40 to Pick Eight of 80. The program is completely menu driven
and extensively documented.
FILE1865.TXT
Disk No: 1865
Disk Title: Winning Edge-Lotto
PC-SIG Version: S2.2
Program Title: Winning Edge-Lotto
Author Version: 3.2
Author Registration: $35.00
Special Requirements: None.
THE WINNING EDGE-LOTTO is a complete system of lottery game
management, providing the eight most popular methods of lottery number
selection and explaining the theory for each. The program is extremely
easy to learn and use and could improve your chances to become a better
lotto player.
Choose from a selection of lottery numbers using the eight most popular
methods: non-random analysis, hot numbers, cold numbers, hot & cold
numbers, random numbers, defensive random theory, trend analysis and
numerology.
Record lottery tickets purchased and lottery numbers drawn in the past
52 drawings. The tickets bought will be checked for winning numbers
after each drawing. Statistical tools are provided to analyse past
data. An automatic or manual wheeling system is also available.
THE WINNING EDGE-LOTTO can be used for all lotteries ranging from Pick
Four of 40 to Pick Eight of 80. The program is completely menu driven
and extensively documented.
PC-SIG
1030D East Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale Ca. 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1989 PC-SIG, Inc.
GO1.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk #1865 THE WINNING EDGE-LOTTO >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ To view documentation, type: GO (press Enter) ║
║ ║
║ To print documentation, type: COPY README.DOC PRN (press Enter) ║
║ ║
║ To start program, type: LOTTO1 ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
(c) Copyright 1990, PC-SIG INC.
README.DOC
Welcome to The Winning Edge Lotto! You can read this manual by
using the arrow keys and the [pgup] and [pgdn] keys at the right
side of the keyboard. Press the [esc] key at any time to quit.
____________________________________________________________________
To start The Winning Edge Program: Enter [LOTTO1] at the DOS prompt.
To do so, you must first exit this program by pressing the [esc] key.
____________________________________________________________________
THE WINNING EDGE LOTTERY PROGRAM
Program Documentation
For
Shareware Version 3.2
Developed By:
Fusion Software, Inc.
SUITE C-201
8101 Camino Real
Miami, Florida 33143
DISCLAIMER
All FUSION SOFTWARE products are distributed on an "as is" basis.
FUSION SOFTWARE makes no warranties, expressed or implied,
including but not limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event
will FUSION SOFTWARE be liable for consequential damages even if
FUSION SOFTWARE has been advised of the possibility of such
damages.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
----------- -------------------------------- --------
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.1 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 1-1
1.2 GETTING STARTED 1-1
1.3 WHAT THE PROGRAM DOES 1-2
1.4 HOW TO USE THE PROGRAM 1-5
2.0 SELECTION OF LOTTERY NUMBERS 2-1
2.1 AVOIDING DUPLICATION OF LOTTERY TICKETS 2-1
2.2 NUMBERS MOST LIKELY TO BE DRAWN 2-3
3.0 METHODS ASSUMING RANDOMNESS 3-1
3.1 RANDOM THEORY 3-1
3.2 DEFENSIVE RANDOM THEORY 3-2
4.0 SELECTION METHODS ASSUMING NON-RANDOMNESS 4-1
4.1 THE HOT NUMBERS THEORY 4-1
4.2 THE COLD NUMBERS THEORY ("DUE NUMBERS") 4-2
4.3 HOT & COLD NUMBERS THEORY 4-4
4.4 TREND ANALYSIS THEORY 4-4
4.5 NUMEROLOGY THEORY 4-5
4.6 THE NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS THEORY 4-5
5.0 USING THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 5-1
6.0 WHEELING THEORY 6-1
APPENDIX A PROBABILITY EQUATIONS A-1
APPENDIX B PROGRAM PROFILE B-1
APPENDIX C TROUBLE SHOOTING C-1
PREFACE
This documentation is for the shareware version of THE WINNING
EDGE LOTTERY PROGRAM. This version contains most of the elements
of the commercial version of the program, except for the
NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS METHOD, the COMPRESSED WHEELING FUNCTION, and
some of the statistical tools.
The NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS METHOD is a state of the art scientific
method of lottery number selection. This method uses statistical
tools to test for the presence of non-randomness in previous
drawings, and takes advantage of it. This method also reduces the
possibility of producing lottery tickets duplicated by other
lottery players, including other users of this program.
The NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS METHOD will perform as well as any other
lottery number selection method available, no matter what the cost,
or whatever claims are made of the other methods.
You may obtain the latest update of THE WINNING EDGE, including
the NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS METHOD, the COMPRESSED WHEELING FUNCTION,
full statistical tools, and printed documentation, by sending a
check or money order in the amount of $35.00 to:
Fusion Software, Inc.
Suite C-201
8101 Camino Real
Miami, Florida 33143
THE WINNING EDGE by FUSION SOFTWARE
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION
The WINNING EDGE was designed to be easy to operate. Most users
will be able to operate the program without having to refer back
to this document. This document contains general lottery strategy
information that could benefit all lottery players. Users are
encouraged to read this document fully at least once.
The program is menu driven. When a menu is displayed, the program
user is given a list of all the program commands available. The
user is asked to enter the item number for the desired program
command. Alternately, the user may use the arrow keys to highlight
the desired command, then press the enter key. The user may enter
H for help if the user is not sure of what each command in the menu
does. When H is entered, the program displays a description of each
command.
1.1 Minimum Requirements
1.1.1 Hardware Required To Operate The Program
The program should operate properly on any IBM compatible
with 256K of free RAM or more. The program can be run
from either a floppy disk or hard drive. All of the files
that come on the program disk must be in the current
directory when the program is run.
1.1.2 Software Required
PC-DOS or MS-DOS versions 2.0 or later are required.
The program also requires that ANSI.SYS be loaded. If
you have trouble with the colors in the menus, it is
probably because ANSI.SYS has not been loaded. The
procedures for loading ANSI.SYS are given in Appendix C
of this manual.
1.2 Getting Started
The first step is to make a backup diskette of the program
disk. The original disk should be kept in a safe place
in case it is ever needed in the future.
If a hard drive is present, make a new subdirectory and
copy the entire program disk into it. The program must
be run from the new subdirectory.
The program is started by entering LOTTO1 at the DOS prompt.
The Main Menu is displayed whenever the program is started.
The program user then must enter the item number of the
desired command, or use the arrow keys to highlight the
desired command, then press [enter].
The program user may instead enter the letter H to display
a help screen.
1.3 What The Program Does
The WINNING EDGE is designed to be a system of lottery
functions to aid the lottery player. The program will carry
out the following:
1. Select lottery numbers for the program user to buy,
2. Make up different lottery tickets from the selected
numbers (also known as "wheeling"),
3. Store the lottery tickets bought by program user,
4. Store numbers drawn by the state in the lottery,
5. Check the lottery tickets bought for winning numbers,
6. Provide statistical tools for the user to analyze
lottery data if the user desires.
1.3.1 Selection of Lottery Numbers
The primary function of the program is to assist the user
in the selection of lottery numbers. The program includes
several methods of lottery number selection. Commands for
all of the methods are found in the "Computer Picks
Menu." This menu is accessed by selecting Item #1 in the
Main Menu. The methods included in this program are:
1. Non-Random Analysis Theory,
2. Hot Numbers Theory,
3. Cold Numbers Theory,
4. Trend Analysis Theory,
5. Random Numbers Theory,
6. Defensive Random Theory,
7. Numerology Theory, and
8. Wheel Your Numbers.
The Non-Random Analysis Theory is an original method
of lottery number selection that uses state-of-the-art
statistical methods. Program users are recommended to
use the Non-Random Analysis Theory for all of their
lottery number selections. The Non-Random Method analyses
the lottery for non-randomness, and if non-randomness is
found, will take advantage of it. Additional numbers are
selected in the Non-Random Analysis Method that will
provide lottery numbers least likely to duplicate tickets
purchased by other lottery players.
1.3.2 Generating Tickets From the Selected Numbers
Whenever any of the methods of number selection are used
in the program, the numbers selected are
automatically wheeled to produce the desired amount of
lottery tickets. A special wheeling method developed for
this program is used for the automatic wheeling function.
This special method wheels the fifteen "best" numbers
(for the selection method chosen) into the desired amount of
tickets while giving the widest possible distribution of
the selected numbers.
There are two other wheeling methods available in this
program. They are available in the "Wheel Your Numbers"
command in the Picks Menu. See Section 6 of this manual
for more information on the wheeling methods available
in this program.
1.3.3 Recording The Lottery Tickets Bought
Immediately after generating tickets the program will
ask if the user wants to record the new tickets. If the
answer is yes, the selected tickets will automatically
be recorded, and after the lottery drawing takes place,
the tickets can easily be checked for matches. All tickets
worth money will be highlighted.
The program also provides a command to record the lottery
tickets generated outside of the program. That command
can be found in the Main Menu.
The purpose of recording the tickets bought is to allow
the program to check the tickets bought for winning
numbers after the next lottery drawing. It is not
necessary to record the tickets bought if you do not wish
to have the computer check your tickets for winners.
1.3.4 Recording The Numbers Drawn By The State
Many of the lottery number selection methods require
a historic record of the numbers drawn in the past
several lotteries. This record will be is termed
"Historic Data" throughout this document.
When the program is shipped to the user, the Historic
Data contains a record of the numbers drawn in the
Florida Lottery. Florida Lotto players must regularly
record the numbers drawn in subsequent lottery drawings
to keep the Historic Data current.
The program provides a command to store the numbers
drawn. That command can be found in the Main Menu.
Failure to regularly record the numbers drawn by the
state will prevent several of the number selection
methods from functioning properly. The number selection
methods that would not function properly are:
1. Non-Random Analysis Theory,
2. Hot Numbers Theory,
3. Cold Numbers Theory,
4. Trend Analysis Theory.
All players of lotteries other than the Florida Lotto can
initialize the Historic Data by recording the winning
numbers from their lottery for the past 20 drawings. If
that data is not available, then the data should be
recorded for each drawing until 20 drawings have
occurred.
In the meantime, the program user can use one
of the number selection methods that do not rely on the
historic data to function. These number selection methods
include;
1. Random Theory,
2. Defensive Theory, and
3. Numerology Theory.
Whenever you enter the Historic Data from more than one
drawing, the data should be entered in chronological
order. The data from the oldest drawing is entered first.
The data from the most recent drawing is entered last.
1.3.5 Checking The Tickets Bought For Winners
The program can check the recorded bought lottery tickets
after the latest numbers drawn by the state are recorded.
The command to check for winners is found in the Main
Menu. All tickets with the minimum amount of matches to
win any money will be displayed highlighted, and can be
readily picked out from the losing tickets. The matched
numbers in each ticket are also shown.
1.3.6 Statistical Tools
The user may review and statistically analyze the
Historic Data. Access to these commands is obtained by
selecting the "Statistics" command in the Main Menu.
Doing so will display the Statistics Menu.
The Statistics Menu has the following commands:
1. Historic Data,
2. Most Frequent Numbers,
3. Statistical Analysis, and
4. Statistical Utilities.
The Historic Data command will display the recorded winning tickets
drawn in the past 52 drawings. The winning tickets are numbered 1
through 52. The most recently drawn ticket is ticket #52, and the
oldest is ticket #1.
The Most Frequent Numbers command displays the amount of
times drawn for all lottery numbers. The Statistical Analysis
command does a statistical analysis of all lottery numbers. The
probability of each number's frequency is computed.
1.3.7 Lottery Configuration
The program can be adjusted by the user to work for any
lottery from a pick 4 of 35 to pick 8 of 80. Players
wishing to change the existing lottery type can do so by
reconfiguring the program. The reconfiguration process
is simple, and can be done by selecting the "Lottery
Reconfiguration" command from the Main Menu.
1.3.8 Playing More Than One Game
The Shareware version of The Winning Edge can only be
used for one game configuration at a time. The commercial
version of The Winning Edge can play an unlimited amount
of different games at the same time.
1.4 How To Use The Program
The following steps are recommended to use this program most
effectively:
1. Use one or more of the number selection methods to
produce the desired quantity of lottery tickets *,
2. Record the tickets bought,
3. Buy the selected tickets,
4. Record the numbers drawn by the state after the next
drawing, and
5. Have the computer check the tickets bought for
winners.
* If the program user wishes to use his own lucky numbers
instead, he can use the "Wheel Your Numbers" function (found in the
Main Menu). That function can wheel up to 30 different numbers
and produce up to 5,000,000 different tickets.
SECTION 2 - Selection Of Lottery Numbers
There are two objectives to be considered when selecting lottery
numbers:
1. Select the numbers with the greatest probability of
being drawn, and
2. Select lottery tickets with the least probability of
being duplicated by other lottery players.
The latter objective is always overlooked by lottery players, yet
is often more important. For that reason, we will discuss the
latter objective first.
2.1 Avoiding Duplication Of Lottery Tickets With Other Players
Most lottery players do not realize just how important it is
to avoid duplication. Before you decide not to read this
section, ask yourself a question. Would you be so interested
in playing the lottery if the jackpot was only around 500
dollars? If your answer is no, you should definitely read this
section!
A study of the lottery numbers bought by players of the
Florida Lotto game was released in Stephen K. Doig's "Lucky
Numbers" column in the Miami Herald. The study analyzed
lottery ticket duplication in one lotto game with a total sale
of 26,650,115 tickets. The findings of that study are
astounding, and should effect the number selection methods of
all prudent lottery players.
The findings indicate that most lottery players buy tickets
that will be duplicated by others. In fact over 86% of the
tickets sold were duplicated by at least one other ticket.
Most players would not mind sharing the 25 million dollar
jackpot with a few others, but how about sharing it with
25,096 other players? The most popular ticket was sold 25,096
times. That very popular ticket was the 1-2-3-4-5-6 ticket.
The 1-2-3-4-5-6 ticket was not an isolated case of such
extreme duplication. There were over 600,000 different tickets
that were duplicated at least 1,800 times each!
How can so many different people select the same lottery
tickets? Most people think that their own "secret formula"
for selecting their numbers is unique because they created
the formula by themselves. After reviewing the patterns of
the heavily duplicated tickets in the Florida Lottery, it
is obvious that most people think alike. Secret formulas are
rarely unique.
The number selection patterns, causing the most duplication,
involved numbers drawn in the most recent lottery drawings.
In fact, the second most duplicated ticket was the
2-18-20-32-38-42 ticket. That was the same ticket that won
the previous drawing. That ticket was bought by 23,869 lottery
players. The jackpot would have paid one payment of only $523.
to each ticket holder.
The heavy duplication was not limited to the lottery numbers
drawn in the latest drawing. Tickets made up of winning
numbers from the most recent several drawings were highly
duplicated. The average duplication of combinations of recent
winning numbers was around 10,600 tickets each.
It is obvious that a great many people believe recent winning
numbers will win again. They buy tickets made up entirely of
recent winning numbers. It is also obvious that this is a poor
scheme of lottery number selection. Such tickets will not
produce jackpots that the ticket holders can retire on.
Another number selection scheme, that leads to heavy
duplication, is tickets that combine the lottery numbers drawn
least often in past drawings. Many people believe that all
lottery numbers will be drawn equally often over the long run,
and that those numbers drawn least often so far must be drawn
more often that the rest, in order to catch up. The ticket
made up of the least often drawn numbers was duplicated 6,106
times.
The number "lucky seven" was also popular. The ticket 7-14-21-
28-35-42 was duplicated 20,530 times. The numbers on the
ticket are all multiples of the number seven.
Another number selection scheme that leads to heavy
duplication involves the layout of the numbers on the game
form. The game form is the form that has to be filled out when
purchasing tickets. A large number of lottery players think
that filling in numbers that all lie on a column, row, or a
diagonal is their own secret formula. It is not secret. If you
select your numbers using this scheme, expect to share the
jackpot with about 10,000 others.
The above discussion has shown the types number combinations
to avoid. The Florida Lottery study also indicated those
individual numbers selected most often by lottery players.The
most popular numbers (in order of popularity ) were;
3, 13, 1, 15, 7, 2, 6, 5, 18, 4, 8, 23, 17, and 20.
Several numbers in the above list were only popular for the
one week of the study because they were recently drawn numbers.
To get a list of the lottery numbers that will popular continuously,
we will delete the recently drawn lottery numbers from the above
list. The list of most popular lottery numbers that will remain
relatively constant is;
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Try to avoid using numbers one through eight in your lottery
tickets!
The least popular lottery numbers were;
46, 32, 16, 14, 47, 29, 37, 10, 34, 36, 40, 45, 44, 41, and
39.
Of the fifteen least popular lottery numbers listed above, 11
of them were numbers larger than 31. There are several reasons
why the lowest numbers are most popular, and the largest
numbers least popular. Many lottery players do not select
their numbers until they start filling in the game form. They
start at the top of the form where the smaller numbers are,
and look for numbers that sound good to them. They pick all
six numbers before they get down to the larger numbers.
Another reason why numbers larger than 31 are unpopular is
because people use dates important to themselves to supply the
numbers. The months are numbered 1 through 12, and the days
of the month 1 through 31. Years can give numbers above 31,
but only years 1932 through 1949. Dates after 1949 yield
numbers above 49. Therefore, not many numbers taken from dates
will be above 32.
In summary, the following rules should be followed to reduce
the probability of duplication;
1. Do not buy tickets made up mostly of lottery
numbers drawn in recent drawings,
2. Do not buy tickets made up mostly of lottery numbers
rarely (or never) drawn in recent drawings,
3. Do not buy tickets made up of lottery numbers lying
on a row, column, or diagonal on the game form,
4. Avoid using low numbers, particularly numbers below
nine, and
5. Try to include several numbers above 31 on each
ticket.
2.2 Selection Of Numbers Most Likely To Be Drawn
All lottery drawings are intended to be "random drawings." A
random drawing is a drawing in which each lottery number has
an equal probability of being drawn. Lottery officials take
great care to provide randomness in their drawings. Non-random
drawings provide the opportunity for cheating, or at least the
suspicion of cheating.
There are no methods of number selection that can predict
winning numbers for truly random drawings. All methods of
prediction require that some of the numbers have a greater
probability of being drawn than the other numbers.
Lottery number selection methods can be categorized into two
groups; those that assume that the drawings are random, and
those that assume that the drawings have some degree of
non-randomness.
Number selection methods that assume random drawings have the
sole objective of avoiding duplication of lottery tickets with
those of other players.
Number selection methods that assume some degree of non-randomness
in the drawings place a higher emphasis on selecting the numbers
more likely to be drawn. No consideration is usually given to the
high degree of ticket duplication that can result.
2.2.1 Can Randomness Occur In Lottery Drawings?
Most lottery drawings use a game machine to mix ping pong
balls which are painted with the lottery numbers. The
balls are mixed with jets of air within the machine.
Numbers are drawn by opening one of the six ducts within
the machine, and one of the balls is blown up each duct.
Most statisticians will argue that the above method will
provide perfectly random results. Before we accept their
argument, let us look at the actual physics of the
process.
At the time that one of the ducts is opened, several
balls will be near the entrance to the duct. If one of
the nearby balls was lighter and/or had more drag (an
aerodynamic characteristic), that ball would be more
likely to beat the other balls to the duct. Therefore,
that ball would have a higher probability of being drawn.
The weight of each ball can effect its probability of
being drawn. The lighter balls will accelerate faster
than heavier balls when a duct is opened. The weight of
each ball is always monitored by the lottery officials.
The balls are weighed, and must be within a prescribed
weight range, or the ball will not be used in the
drawing. Usually the balls are weighed before they are
painted with the lottery numbers. Because each lottery
number will require a different amount paint, the
weights of the balls will vary more than expected by
the officials.
The aerodynamic characteristics are not controlled by the
lottery officials. A ball with more "drag" than the
others will accelerate faster than the others and, thus
have a higher probability of being drawn. The amount of
drag a ball has depends on the shape and smoothness of
the balls surface. Each ping pong ball is made up of two
molded halves that are glued together. The smoothness
of each seam varies from ball to ball. This type of
construction also allows for slight variations in shape
from ball to ball. Such variations can lead to sig-
nificant differences in drag among the balls.
There are two types of flow regimes in aerodynamics;
turbulent and laminar. Laminar flow can create up to 10
times more drag than will turbulent under the same
conditions. There are certain factors that will determine
whether turbulent or laminar flow will occur under the
same circumstances. The roughness of an object's surface
will determine which flow regime will occur.
A ball with a rough seam, and a shape slightly out of
round, would tend to rotate and form turbulent flow over
the ball's surface. Such a ball will have less drag and
thus, a lower probability of being drawn.
Another factor that will determine the probability of
being drawn is the degree of bounce of each ball has. A
ball with more bounce than the others will get away from
the game machine walls and floor faster than the others,
and will more often be in a position near the entrance
to a duct.
The bounce can vary significantly among ping pong balls.
The degree of bounce depends upon; the thickness of the
ball's skin, the pressure when the ball was sealed, and
how airtight the ball is.
The above discussion indicates that although lottery
drawings usually achieve a high degree of randomness,
that it is unlikely that any drawing is exactly random.
The probability of each ball being drawn is determined
by three major factors, two of which are not monitored
or controlled in most lotteries. The three major factors
that determine the probability that a ball will be drawn
are;
1. The weight of each ball,
2. The aerodynamics of each ball, and
3. The degree of bounce in each ball.
The above discussion is not intended to prove that
significant non-randomness will occur, but only points
out the possibility that some lottery numbers could have
a significantly higher probability of being drawn than
the others. The above factors will usually cancel each
other out; a ball that has one or two of the
characteristics improving its probability of being drawn
will be cancelled out because the other factor is not
present. Occasionally, a ball will have all of the
favorable factors, and then may have a significant
probability of being drawn.
SECTION 3 - Number Selection Methods Assuming Random Drawings
This section of this document describes those number selection
methods included in the program that assume that the lottery
drawings are random. All lottery numbers have equal an
probability of being drawn in each random drawing, thus no methods
can exist to improve your odds of winning the jackpot. The emphasis
of all random lottery number selection methods should be to avoid
any duplication of tickets with other players.
The random theory states that all lottery tickets have an
equal chance of being drawn. Many so-called lottery experts make
all sorts of inaccurate claims that you can improve your odds
of winning. One such claim is that all of your tickets should
include an equal amount of odd and even numbers. This is not true.
A ticket with all odd numbers has the same probability of winning
as any other ticket, no matter how many even numbers the other
ticket might have.
Another inaccurate claim has been that each of your tickets
should have an even mixture of high and low numbers. Again, this
is not true. A ticket with all high numbers has the same
probability of being drawn as any other ticket.
3.1 Random Theory
The Random Method is very simple. The computer randomly
selects lottery numbers and assembles them into the desired
amount of tickets. It is recommended that you let your
computer select the numbers, rather than doing it yourself.
Humans tend to have subconscious biases toward numbers that
could lead to heavy duplication. You will recall from Section
2.1 that there is a definite tendency for people to select
some lottery numbers over others.
3.2 Defensive Random Theory
The Defensive Random Method is similar to the Random Method.
This method however, takes into account the popularity of
each of the lottery numbers. This method will not select those
numbers that are most often used by people, and it has a
built-in bias toward selecting those numbers that were least
often selected by people.
This method has an advantage over the Random Method in that
lottery tickets are produced that are least likely to be
duplicated by other lottery players.
SECTION 4 - Number Selection Methods Assuming Non-randomness
This section will describe those number selection include in the
program that assume some degree of non-randomness in the
drawings.
4.1 the Hot Numbers Theory
The Hot Numbers method of lottery number selection theorizes
that those numbers, that have been drawn most often in the
past, were drawn most often because they have a higher
probability of being drawn. Lottery numbers with higher
probabilities are termed "Hot Numbers."
This method of number selection is relatively simple: count
how many times each lottery number has been drawn recently,
and use those drawn most often to make up as many lottery
tickets as desired.
The Hot Numbers Method fails to recognize that, even in a
drawing with some degree of non-randomness, that most of the
Hot Numbers were drawn often due to chance, rather than due
to having a higher probability. The Hot Numbers Method blindly
selects all numbers drawn most often.
Section 2.1 of this document pointed out that a great many
lottery players use this method. Making up lottery tickets
from recently drawn numbers typically results in tickets being
duplicated as many as 26,000 times.
Because this method has not produced unusually good results,
and because the enormous amount of lottery ticket duplication,
this is probably the worst method that one can use to select
lottery numbers.
4.2 Cold Numbers Theory (also called "Due Numbers Theory")
A postulate of the Theory Of Probability is the basis of the
Cold Numbers Theory. The Theory Of Probability, when applied
to a random lottery, states that the "relative frequency" of
each lottery number will approach approximate equality as the
number of drawings increases. The term "relative frequency"
is defined in the equation:
Relative Frequency = (times number was drawn) / (amount of
drawings)
The Cold Numbers Theory concludes that those lottery numbers
drawn less often in the past, must be drawn more often in the
future, if The Theory of Probability is to hold true.
The Cold Numbers Theory may seem logical, but it is based on
a misconception. The Theory of Probability would predict, in
random drawings, that all lottery numbers will be drawn
equally often (not more often) in the future, no matter how
often each number was drawn in the past.
The following example can explain how the relative frequencies
of two lottery numbers can approach equality, while at the
same time, the numbers are drawn equally often:
EXAMPLE
Assume that after 10 drawings, the lottery number 1 was drawn once.
And assume that the lottery number 2 was drawn five times. Compute
the relative frequencies:
Relative Frequency of Lottery No. 1 = 1 / 10
= 0.100000000
-----------
Relative Frequency of Lottery No. 2 = 5 / 10
= 0.500000000
-----------
The Cold Numbers Theory predicts that Lottery Number No. 1 must be
drawn more often than No. 2, if the relative frequencies of the
two numbers are to approach equality. However, this example
demonstrates that the two relative frequencies will approach
equality, if the two numbers are drawn equally often in
subsequent drawings.
Now assume that, after another 1,000,000 drawings, both lottery
numbers were drawn equally often, say 100,000 times.
Now compute the relative frequencies:
Relative Frequency of Lottery No. 1 = (1+100,000)/(10+1,000,000)
= 0.100000000
-----------
Relative Frequency of Lottery No. 2 = ( 5+100,000)/(10+1,000,000)
= 0.100004000
-----------
Observe that the relative frequencies of the two lottery numbers
in the above example became almost equal after 1,000,000 drawings,
even though the relative frequencies differed considerably after
the first ten drawings.
The Cold Numbers Method is relatively simple: count the amount
of times each lottery number was drawn recently, and use those
numbers drawn least often, to make up as many tickets as
desired.
The Cold Numbers Theory has no validity, and suffers from a
severe problem with duplication of lottery tickets. In
addition, if there is significant non-randomness in the
lottery drawings, this method will select those numbers least
likely to be drawn.
In summary, do not use this method!
4.3 Hot & Cold Numbers Theory
This method of lottery number selection is a mixture of The
Hot Numbers Theory and The Cold Numbers Theory. Each lottery
ticket includes some "Hot" numbers and some "Cold" numbers.
The one advantage that this method may have over the Hot
Numbers Method is that there will be less duplication of
lottery tickets with the other lottery players.
Program users wishing to use this method can do so by using
the "Wheel Your Numbers" function in the Generate Numbers
menu. The "Wheel Your Numbers" function lists the fifteen
hottest and fifteen coldest numbers based on the recent
drawings. The user can use these as a guide for choosing
numbers to wheel.
4.4 Trend Analysis Theory
Veteran lottery players have noted that several lottery
numbers will seem "hot" for a while, then they seem to cool
off. Then a new set of "hot" numbers will appear. The Trend
Analysis Method recognizes that phenomenon, and tries to find
the new set of "hot" numbers sooner than the Hot Numbers
Method can.
The Trend Analysis Method selects lottery numbers by comparing
the numbers drawn in the latest eight drawings to the numbers
drawn in the previous eight drawings. Those lottery numbers,
whose frequency of being drawn increased the most, are
selected.
4.5 Numerology Theory
Many people believe that numbers rule their lives. They feel
that everyone has numbers associated with their name, and
birthdate, and that their personality and fortunes have been
determined by those numbers since birth.
Although this theory does not have a large following, this
Method has been included in The Winning Edge as a source of
novelty and amusement.
Five different lottery tickets will be produced for each name
entered. Each ticket is assembled from the person's name,
birth number, and month number. When entering your name, enter
your entire name exactly as it appears on your birth
certificate.
4.6 The Non-Random Analysis Theory
This method overcomes a major problem that other non-random
methods do not even recognize: High probability lottery
numbers have been drawn frequently in past lottery drawings,
and making up lottery tickets from the numbers most frequently
drawn in the past, leads to lottery tickets duplicated by an
average of over 10,000 other lottery players.
Most of the lottery numbers that were frequently drawn in past
drawings, were drawn frequently by chance, rather than because
the numbers had higher probabilities of being drawn. The
lottery numbers drawn frequently drawn in the past due to
chance, should not be incorporated into your lottery tickets.
Such numbers will not improve your odds of winning the
jackpot. However, they will significantly improve your odds
of duplicating the lottery tickets of many other lottery
players.
The NON-RANDOM ANALYSIS METHOD uses a statistical analysis to
distinguish between those lottery numbers drawn frequently
due to chance from those drawn frequently due to having higher
probabilities of being drawn.
The method first assumes the drawings to be random, then
analyses the frequency of each lottery number for
non-randomness. The probability, that a lottery number will
be drawn a given amount of times (or more) in a specified
amount of drawings, is computed from the equations in Appendix
A of this document.
If it is found, that a lottery number was drawn so often, that
it is too improbable that it could have been drawn so often
by chance, such lottery number is assumed to have a
probability of being drawn that is greater than average.
Lottery numbers are assumed to non-random if the probability
of their frequency by chance is 2.5% or less. Such lottery
numbers are selected by this method.
Each lottery ticket produced by this method will include
several lottery numbers selected using the Defensive Random
Method. This is done to reduce the likelihood that any of the
tickets will duplicate the lottery tickets of other lottery
players. This method will also protect the program user from
duplicating the lottery tickets of other players using this
same program. No other computer program for lotteries provides
the program user the same protection.
SECTION 5 - USING THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
This section is provided to give the program user an understanding
of the statistical analysis command. The command is invoked by
selecting Item No. 3 from the Statistics Menu.
After selecting the command, the program asks the user for the
amount of drawings to be analyzed. The drawings analyzed are always
the most recent drawings stored in the Historic Lottery Data. You
must regularly record the lottery numbers drawn after each lottery
drawing to keep the Historic Lottery Data up to date.
The statistical analysis performed by the program computes the
likelihood that each lottery number has been random. The results
are displayed on the screen, and may also be printed.
Of all the statistical data displayed, the user need only be
concerned with the odds against each number being random. The far
right column on the screen, titled "ODDS" contains the odds for
each lottery number.
Lottery numbers with ODDS against greater than 19 to 1 are
considered to be non-random numbers by this program. Such numbers
should be played on your lottery tickets. This statistical method
is similar to those used in most scientific studies throughout the
world. The method does not prove that the selected numbers were
non-random, but does show a strong likeliness that they could be.
The program user does not need to use this command in the
Statistics Menu to use the Non-Random Analysis Method. The user can
have the calculations done automatically each time numbers are
selected by the program using the Non-Random Analysis selection
from the Picks Menu.
SECTION 6 - WHEELING THEORY
The process of wheeling numbers is simply defined as "making
tickets from the lottery numbers that the lottery player has
better-than-average odds of being drawn." There are numerous
methods of wheeling. The shareware version of The Winning Edge
includes two different methods of wheeling. The commercial
version includes one additional method.
Many so-called lottery experts claim that their "own" wheeling
systems will increase your odds of winning money. In a truly
random lottery, no method of wheeling can increase your odds. If
there is any degree of non-randomness in the lottery, wheeling
methods can improve the odds of winning. The degree of
improvement depends upon the degree of non-randomness in the
lottery.
The easiest wheeling method to understand is the "Full Wheel."
This method makes a ticket for every possible combination of the
lottery numbers being wheeled. The problem with using this
wheeling method is that a small amount of numbers being wheeled
will generate an extremely large quantity of tickets. As an
example, in a pick 6 of 49 lottery, by wheeling only 9 numbers,
84 tickets will be generated. If you think that there are only a
few lottery numbers with higher odds of being drawn, you should
use this method. If too many tickets are generated, do not buy
all of them.
The "Full Wheel" method can be found in the "Wheel Your Numbers"
command in the Picks Menu of this program. This program can wheel
up to 30 different lottery numbers, and generate up to 5,000,000
different tickets by using the "Full Wheel" method.
The second wheeling method provided in this program is the "Fixed
Amount" wheel. This method will generate the widest possible
distribution of your lottery numbers into the quantity of tickets
selected by you. This method is used for all automatic wheeling
provided in this program. This method should be used when you
want to wheel a lot of lottery numbers, but do not want a
humongous quantity of tickets.
A third wheeling method provided in the commercial version of
this program is called the "Compressed Wheel." This method can
wheel up to 30 lottery numbers, but will not generate near as
many tickets as the "Full Wheel." The "Compressed Wheel" will
generate the minimum amount of tickets required to cover all
possible matches of less than that required to win the jackpot.
The method of wheeling chosen will have a large effect on how
often the program user will see matches on his tickets. The more
different lottery numbers wheeled, the greater will be the odds
that some of the lottery numbers will match the drawing.
APPENDIX A
PROBABILITY EQUATIONS
EQUATION 1
The probability of drawing any specific lottery number in a
single drawing is p, where:
p = (amount of numbers drawn) /(total numbers in
lottery)
P (for a pick six of 49 lottery) = 6/49 = 0.1224489796
EQUATION 2
The probability of drawing a specific lottery number exactly
"y" times in "n" drawings:
y (n-y)
Probability = (n!/((y!)(n-y)!)) x p x q
where:
p = same as above
q = 1-p
n = total amount of drawings
y = amount of times specific lottery number was drawn
The probability of drawing a specific lottery number "y"
times or more is computed using the above EQUATION 2. The
probability is computed as the sum of the probabilities for
for each frequency of y times through n times.
APPENDIX B
PROGRAM PROFILE
WINNING EDGE - LOTTO Version 3.1
PROGRAM SUMMARY: WINNING EDGE - LOTTO is a complete system
of lottery game management. The program is extremely easy to
learn and use. The program provides the eight most popular
methods of lottery number selection, and explains the theory
for each method in the 35 pages of program documentation.
The program provides the following functions;
1. Can select lottery numbers using any of the eight
most popular methods,
2. Records the lottery tickets bought,
3. Records the lottery numbers drawn in the past 52
drawings,
4. Checks the tickets bought for winning numbers after
each drawing,
5. Provides the lottery players with statistical tools
to analyze past lottery drawing data, and
6. Provides automatic or manual wheeling system.
USAGE: Can be used for all lotteries ranging from PICK FOUR
of 35 to PICK EIGHT of 80.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: 256K of free RAM, one disk drive,
monochrome/color
FEATURES: Fully menu driven with on-screen help
HOW TO START: Enter "LOTTO1" at the DOS prompt to run
program.
Type "BROWSE README.DOC" to read program
documentation.
SUGGESTED SHAREWARE DONATION: $35.00, includes printed
manual.
FILE DESCRIPTIONS:
LOTTO1 EXE Main Program
LOTTO BGT Stored bought tickets
LOTTO ACT Stored data from past 52 lottery drawings
LOTTO CNF Stored program configuration
README DOC Text file containing program documentation
TMSRMN FON Utility file
APPENDIX C
LOADING ANSI.SYS
ANSI.SYS is a program that is part of the DOS system. You can
find this program on the Supplemental Programs disk of DOS.
If you have a color monitor, the ANSI.SYS program must be loaded
before running The Winning Edge. If you do not have a color
monitor, you do not need to load ANSI.SYS.
If you run The Winning Edge with a color monitor without ANSI.SYS
loaded, you will have problems selecting from the menus because
the color highlighting will not be operating properly. You could
make do by selecting menu items by entering the item number of
the
desired command, however it would much more desireable to set up
your computer to automatically load ANSI.SYS whenever your
computer
boots.
To set up your computer to automatically load ANSI.SYS do the
following:
1. Locate your DOS disk with ANSI.SYS on it,
2. Look in your root directory to see if you have a file
called "Config.sys" and if you do not have such a file,
create it with any word processor program,
3. Add the command "device=ansi.sys" to the config.sys file
(do not type the quote marks),
4. Make sure the Config.sys file is put in the root
directory,
5. Reboot the computer. Do not expect The Winning Edge to
operate until after you reboot.
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1865
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
LOTTO1 EXE 236362 8-14-90 5:36p
LOTTO BGT 1260 8-14-90 5:40p
LOTTO ACT 2630 8-12-90 2:39p
LOTTO1 CNF 40 8-14-90 5:40p
TMSRB FON 45936 2-10-90 4:33p
README DOC 56870 8-15-90 7:45a
BROWSE COM 958 1-02-80 1:52a
GO BAT 19 8-14-90 5:50p
FILE1865 TXT 2517 8-29-90 5:55p
GO1 TXT 729 1-01-80 9:50a
GO1 BAT 39 1-01-80 1:40a
11 file(s) 347360 bytes
9216 bytes free