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PC-SIG Diskette Library (Disk #1508)
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Information about “XYSEE 2 OF 2 (1507 ALSO)”
Teachers will welcome this computer-aided instructional system when
designing interactive tutorials and tests for high school and college
level algebra, geometry and trigonometry. At last, here's a method for
time-crunched teachers and concerned parents to provide special,
individualized help for the struggling student and enrichment for the
advanced student!
XYSEE enhances students' understanding by incorporating high resolution
graphics to help them visualize the curve represented by a given
equation, and the effect upon the form of the curve when parameters
within the equation change. Tackles such subjects as points and lines,
intermediate quadratics and trigonometrics, and advanced parametrics and
composites. In addition, interactive coverage is extended to forms
such as triangles, user defined polygons (structured spline and
free-form), and designs utilizing artistic mathematics.
XYSEE's game module challenges the student to solve puzzles consisting
of graphic representations of standard formulae. Imagine the
excitement of a "Math Bee" or "College Bowl" pitting opposing teams in
solving puzzle sets exhibiting complexities from ho-hum to horrific.
The student's progress in solving each piece of the puzzle is displayed
and special help is available for identifying boundaries and zeroing in
on solutions. Teachers will appreciate the performance reporting
module which tracks solution attempts by the student as well as
difficulty levels attained.
The secret of this menu-driven instructional system lies in its use of
macros which allow the instructor to formulate problems which
demonstrate mathematical principles. All of XYSEE's macros, data-sets,
and puzzles may be prepared with the "smart" capabilities of its fully
integrated application sensitive editor. The intuitive structure and
automatic validation abilities of the editor endow even casual users
with the ability to quickly create scripts of any level of complexity.
System features include moving window displays, function-specific
statistics, auto-scaling, and context-sensitive help screens. With
progressive overlays and multiple import facility, the package offers
plot enhancement techniques, and sound and color control. Both graphic
and non-graphic printers are supported. A demonstration tutorial
highlights program features and an extensive and well-written
instruction manual is included.
FILE1508.TXT
Disk No: 1508
Disk Title: XYSee 2 of 2 (1507 also)
PC-SIG Version: S2.2
Program Title: XYSee
Author Version: 2.5.0
Author Registration: $30.00
Special Requirements: CGA and a text editor.
This is the second disk of XYSEE. The first disk is on #1507. Both
are needed to run the program.
XYSEE allows teachers to create interactive computer tutorials for
teaching high school and college level algebra, geometry and
trigonometry. At last, here's a method for the time-crunched teacher
to be able to provide special, individualized help for the struggling
student and enrichment for the advanced student!
XYSEE enhances students' understanding by incorporating graphics to
help them visualize the curve represented by a given equation, and the
effect upon the form of the curve when parameters within the equation
change. Tackles such subjects as points and lines, intermediate
quadratics and trigonometrics, and advanced parametrics and
composites. In addition, interactive coverage is extended to forms
such as triangles, user defined polygons (structured spline and
free-form), and designs utilizing artistic mathematics.
The secret of this menu-driven instructional system lies in its use of
macros which allow the instructor to formulate complex problems and
demonstrate mathematical principles. System features include moving
window displays, function-sensitive statistics, and context-sensitive
help screens. With progressive overlays and multiple import facility,
the package offers plot enhancement techniques, and sound and color
control. Both graphic and non-graphic printers are supported. A
demonstration tutorial and an extensive and well-written instruction
manual are included.
PC-SIG
1030D East Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale Ca. 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1989 PC-SIG, Inc.
FILEDISC.DOC
.PL
XYSee version 2.5
File Descriptions: Main Program Disk
4X6 .FON Font File
8X8 .FON Font File
ERROR .MSG Error Message File
????????.PZL Puzzle Files
FILELIST.DOC File Descriptions
GO .BAT Batch File for Program Information
MENUSEE .DTA Program Data File
????????.IMP Import Files
????????.MA? MACRO Files
README .DOC Initialization Instructions
SD .COM Sorted Directory Program
SETSEE .DTA Program Data File
XYSEE .EXE Main Program
XYSEE .OVR Overlay File
File Descriptions: Documentation & Utilities Disk
????????.PZL Puzzle Files
????????.IMP Import Files
????????.MA? MACRO Files
REGISTER.FRM Registration Form
SD .COM Sorted Directory Program
XY_DEMO .MAM Program Demonstration MACRO
XYSEE .DOC Documentation
FILEDISC.DOC File Descriptions
GO.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk No 1508 XYSEE DOCUMENTATION >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ To copy the documentation to your printer, type ║
║ COPY XYSEE.DOC PRN (press enter) ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
XYSEE.DOC
.PL
*******************************
* *
* PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION *
* = Non-Commercial Use Only = *
* *
*******************************
******************************************
* *
* =========== *
* = XYSee = *
* =========== *
* *
* Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form *
* *
******************************************
Highly Interactive, Graphics Oriented Computer-Aided-Instruction
Program Covering Mathematic Functions And Forms Within The
Cartesian (rectangular) Coordinate System.
XYSee is designed as an INSIGHT ENHANCING addition to high-school
and college level studies in ALGEBRA, GEOMETRY, and TRIGONOMETRY.
It overcomes the classic difficulty in visualizing the curve
represented by a given equation, and the effect upon the form of
the curve when parameters within the equation change.
XYSee provides full coverage of primary level subjects such as
POINTS and LINES, intermediate subjects such as QUADRATICS,
TRIGONOMETRICS, and advanced subjects such as PARAMETRICS and
COMPOSITES. In addition, Interactive coverage is extended to
forms such as TRIANGLES, user defined POLYGONS (structured
SPLINE, and free-form,) and designs utilizing ARTISTIC
MATHEMATICS.
XYSee's advanced features include:
A fully functional yet simple to implement MACRO FACILITY.
An enigmatic puzzle game to CHALLENGE your skills.
A LANGUAGE-SENSITIVE Macro, Import, and Puzzle file Editor.
A multiple value free-form IMPORT facility.
Dynamically proportioned MOVING WINDOW displays.
Function sensitive BASIC STATISTICS.
Plot ENHANCEMENTS and progressive OVERLAYS.
Context sensitive HELP SCREENS.
GRAPHIC and NON-GRAPHIC PRINTER support.
Minimum System Configuration:
IBM-PC or true compatible with 256K RAM and one disk drive.
PC-DOS 2.0 or truly compatible MS-DOS 2.0 or greater.
IBM-CGA, Hercules Graphics Card or true compatible.
Contact Insight Advantage for Hercules monochrome version.
XYSee
Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form.
Changes and modifications to this program and manual will be
made periodically. Consider them as additions to the information
supplied herein.
Direct your requests for copies of this product to Insight
Advantage.
Copyright (C) 1990 by Dean M. Thompson. All rights reserved.
This product, the software, manual, and any other
information included in this package is copyrighted. Copying,
duplicating, or otherwise reproducing any part of this product
(except where explicitly mentioned in writing) is prohibited by
law without the express written consent of Insight Advantage.
Voluntary or willful violations of the Copyright Law of the
United States can result in civil damages in addition to actual
occurring damages.
IBM, MS-DOS, Hercules, WordStar, Epson, SideKick are respectively
trademarks of:
International Business Machines Corp., Microsoft Corp., Hercules
Computer Technology, MicroPro International, Epson America Corp.,
Borland International, Inc.
Insight Advantage
4509 Yellowleaf Dr.
Fort Worth, TX 76133
XYSee TABLE OF CONTENTS
=======================
XYSee BASIC MENU STRUCTURE 1
XYSee SAMPLE SESSION 2
Backing Up Your Diskettes 2
Caring For Your Diskettes 2
The XYSee Program Disk 2
Before We Start 3
First Steps 3
Conventions 3
Important Keys 4
Grand Tour 4
XYSee Registration 6
MAIN MENU Screen 6
One Dimensional Point Math Module 7
Numeric Value Entry 8
First Waiting Point 9
Main Plot Display 10
PLOT OPTIONS Menu 10
CURSOR Plot Option 11
OVERLAY Plot Option 11
RETRIEVE Plot Option 11
STORE Plot Option 11
STATISTICS Plot Option 11
ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 12
PRINT PLOT Plot Option 12
Plot HELP Plot Option 12
EXITING Plot Options 12
Second Waiting Point 13
Plot a Second Point 13
START PUZZLE Menu Option 14
Puzzle File Directory 14
2D POINT Puzzle Selection 14
CURSOR Plot Option 14
ZOOM SCALE Plot Option 15
ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 15
PRINT PUZZLE Plot Option 15
PUZZLE HELP Plot Option 15
Second Puzzle Waiting Point 16
PUZZLE REPORT Menu Option 16
Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation 16
SAVE PUZZLE Menu Option 17
Final Words 17
XYSee ADVANCED PROCEDURES 18
PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures 18
Using The Para./Comp. Procedures 18
Cubic SPLINE Procedures 19
Using the SPLINE Procedures 19
XYSee Printer Support 20
Using The Printer 20
MACRO Procedures 21
Executing A MACRO Routine 21
Preparing MACRO Files 22
STEP DELAY Value Recommendations 22
MACRO Filenames 24
IMPORT Procedures 25
Executing An IMPORT Routine 25
Preparing IMPORT Files 26
Example IMPORT File Listing 27
IMPORT Filenames 27
PUZZLE Procedures 27
Preparing PUZZLE Files 27
TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations 27
NUMERIC Examples 28
FUNCTION Examples 28
PUZZLE Filenames 29
Editor BASIC MENU STRUCTURE 30
XYSee LANGUAGE SENSITIVE EDITOR 31
Edit File Specifications 31
Beginning the XYSee Editor Tour 31
Main Edit Screen 31
XYSee Editor HELP 31
Main Edit Screen (continued) 32
Editor Command HELP 33
CURSOR Control HELP 33
Right 10 spaces..TAB 33
Left/Right on line..F2 33
Bottom of screen..End 34
Top of screen..Home 34
Cursor down..Down-arrow 34
Cursor right..Right-arrow 34
Cursor up..Up-arrow 34
Cursor left..Left-arrow 34
Delete character..Del 34
Insert character..Ins 35
Backspace/Delete..Backspace 35
Next screen..PgDn 35
Bottom of file..F4 35
Append line..RET 35
Previous screen..PgUp 35
Top of file..F3 36
Insert line..F7 36
Delete line..F8 36
Restore line..F10 36
Copy line from..F5 {Cut} 36
Copy line to..F6 {Paste} 37
Print edit file..F9 37
HELP..F1 37
Exit/Syntax check..ESCape 37
Saving Changes 38
Continue Editing 38
Edit a New File 38
Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO 39
Executing the Practice Edit MACRO 40
Finishing up 40
Editor HELP Screens 41
Edit Command HELP screen #1 41
Syntax HELP screen #2 41
Application Command HELP screen #3 42
Appendices
1. Glossary I-1
2. ERROR Messages II-1
3. Functional Modules (see listing below) III-1
4. Demonstration Values IV-1
5. MACRO Commands V-1
6. PUZZLE Syntax VI-1
7. MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files VII-1
8. Index VIII-1
FUNCTIONAL MODULES III-1
Import Facility III-1
1D Point III-2
2D Point III-2
Line III-3
Triangle III-3
Quadratic Equation III-4
Circle III-4
Parabola III-5
Ellipse III-5
Hyperbola III-6
Conic III-6
Sine III-7
Cosine III-7
Tangent III-8
Cosecant III-8
Secant III-9
Cotangent III-9
Parametric #1 III-10
Parametric #2 III-11
Composite #1 III-12
Composite #2 III-13
Spline III-13
Associated Documents
1. Listing of "Practice.MAM".
2. XYSee TROUBLE REPORT.
Page 1 XYSee BASIC MENU STRUCTURE
==========================
INTRODUCTION
|
|________________ SYSTEM CUSTOMIZATION
| |
| |_ Sound {ON, OFF}
| |_ Color {Special, Default}
| |_ Files {A,B,C,Default}
| HELP--|_ Configuration {Files=20}
| |_ Registration
MAIN MENU
| |
| |___ MACRO Script {Global}
| |___ Puzzle Menu _____________
| |___ File Editor ___ |
| |___ Menu HELP | PUZZLE MENU
| |___ END XYSee | | |
| |--HELP | |_ Start Puzzle
| _________________| | | |_ Disk File-Keyboard
| | | | | |
| | | | | |_ Puzzle Report
| Macro Import Puzzle | |_ Save Puzzle
| | | |_ Menu HELP
| |_ Ma<M>-<G>-<Q>-<T>-<A> |
| | ____|_________________
| {Editor} | | | |
| HELP_______| GEOM-MENU QUAD TRIG ADVANCED
| | |
| |_ Menu HELP |
| |_ Example |
___|___________________________________________ |
| | | | | |
GEOM-MENU QUAD-MENU TRIG-MENU ADVANCED-MENU Import |
| | |
| |_ MACRO Script {Local} |
| |_ Menu HELP |
| |_ Graphic Art |
| Para#1 Para#2 Comp#1 Comp#2
| |
1D Points 2D Points Line Triangle |_ Cursor
| |_ Zoom Scale
PLOT OPTIONS MENU |_ Enhance Plot
| |_ Print Puzzle
|_ Cursor |_ Puzzle HELP
|_ Overlay Plots
| |_ Store-Retrieve
|_ Statistics
|_ Enhance Plot
|_ Print Plot {EPSON 0-6}
|_ Plot HELP
Page 2
XYSee SAMPLE SESSION
====================
Backing Up Your Diskettes:
Diskettes can be damaged or lost. We recommend that
before you use XYSee, you make a copy of the Master Disk.
Use the copy whenever you run the program, leaving the Master
Disk in a safe place so it can be used to restore your copy
should it become necessary. Specific information on making
backup copies of disks can be found in your DOS (Disk
Operating System) manuals.
Caring For Your Diskettes:
Handle diskettes carefully. Treat them as you would any
valuable object; for, with your files on them, that's exactly
what they are.
Diskettes should be stored in an upright position in
their protective sleeves. They should not be subjected to
direct sunlight, magnetic fields (Vacuum cleaners,
televisions, microwave ovens etc.), dust, or extreme
temperatures.
When you handle a diskette, try not to touch the
magnetic media. Don't bend them or write on them with
anything heavier than a felt tip pen.
The XYSee Program Disk:
All of the program files used by XYSee reside on a
single diskette. XYSee and it's various MACRO, Import, and
Puzzle files occupy the majority of the disk space. The
remaining space is sufficient for several additional
routines. Should more space be needed, we recommend deleting
the practice files and any user developed routines that are
not currently needed.
Page 3
Before We Start:
XYSee does a lot of exciting things with disk files. To
help it do its job efficiently, you should reserve as much
file capability as possible in your computer system. You do
this by adding the statement "FILES=20" to what is known as a
CONFIG.SYS file on your "BOOT" or system disk the FIRST TIME
you use XYSee. If, however, you're not quite sure what we
are talking about, merely select the 'CONFIGURATION' option
in the 'XYSee SETUP' module and XYSee will enter the
statement for you. After configuring your system, you should
"BOOT" or RESET your computer to enable your operating system
to use the instructions you have just prepared.
First Steps:
Starting XYSee is easy, merely insert the program
diskette into your disk drive and enter XYSee at the DOS
prompt. In addition to XYSee itself, your program diskette
contains several auxiliary files. The three main types of
files are MACROs, IMPORT routines, and Puzzles. The MACROs
are sequences of instructions that your program can execute
automatically (more on this later). IMPORT files contain
lists of "X" and corresponding "Y" coordinate values that
XYSee will plot, thus making any hidden relationship within
the data clear. The third type of file found on the program
disk is the puzzle. XYSee's puzzles consist of a graphic
representation of combinations of mathematic functions. The
object of the exercise is to solve for the various pieces of
the puzzle using a minimum amount of time and number of
attempts. We have included these auxiliary files to help you
quickly become familiar with all the interesting capabilities
of XYSee.
Conventions:
Before we can go any further, we need to establish some
conventions to help us as we progress. The first concerns
keys. When a key press is called for, the indicated key will
be written within brackets like this: <KEY TO PRESS>.
In addition, menu selections and commands will be placed
within single quotes like this: 'MENU SELECTION'.
Page 4
Important Keys:
ARROW (CURSOR CONTROL) KEY..
Indicates MENU selections.
Positions the PLOT CURSOR.
Moves the STATISTICS window.
ENTER Key..
Selects MENU levels.
Executes FUNCTION selected.
Indicates ACCEPTANCE of plot values.
ESCape Key..
EXITS from menu levels, plot options, and math
function modules.
REJECTS unwanted plot parameter values.
Alt. Key..
Selects an ALTERNATE FORMULA when used with
the <F> key.
Selects an ALTERNATE PLOT FONT when used with
the <P> key.
NUMERIC Keys..
ENTER plot parameter values.
Just remember, SELECT with an <ARROW>; ENTER with
<ENTER>; DEFINE your plot value with a <NUMERIC>; and EXIT
with <ESCape>...Its that simple!
Grand Tour:
After XYSee starts executing, the fun begins. Assuming
everything goes well, XYSee will present you with a "XYSee
PROCEDURES" screen. This screen is just a reminder of some
of the more important points in running the program, like how
to move around within the menus, etc. Notice the comments on
setting your system's unique 'SOUND', and 'COLOR'
requirements. This is your opportunity to configure XYSee for
a particular environment.
Page 5
Selecting the different parameters to change is done
with the <ARROW> keys and <ENTER>. Before XYSee will let you
proceed to the system setup module, however, it first checks
to insure that your <ARROW> keys are active. If you notice a
"Please press your Number Lock key" request at the bottom of
your screen, that is what's happening. Now let's take a
little closer look at the SETUP procedures.
Press <Y>es to select the 'XYSee SETUP' module.
The Setup window will open with the selection bar
highlighting the 'SOUND' option. Press <UP> and <DOWN> a
couple of times and notice how the FUNCTION and COMMENT
windows follow.
Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'SOUND' option.
Pressing <ENTER> will toggle the sound capability of
your system ON and OFF. Set it 'ON' for this session.
Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'COLOR' option.
The COLOR option toggles between the single 'DEFAULT'
screen color, and a repeating sequence of 'SPECIAL' colors.
Just press <ENTER> repeatedly until the desired color is
active.
Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'FILES' option.
XYSee can access MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files from a
primary disk drive 'A', a secondary drive 'B', a fixed disk
drive 'C', or automatically from whatever drive and directory
combination is currently active 'Default'. Use these options
to keep your XYSee program and data files separate.
Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'CONFIGURATION' option.
XYSee requires the services of several disk files
simultaneously. Your computer provides this capability when
it encounters a "FILES=20" statement in your system
configuration file "CONFIG.SYS". If requested, XYSee will
automatically include the statement for you.
Press <ENTER> to select the 'CONFIGURATION' module.
XYSee first determines if your system already has a
"CONFIG.SYS" file, and if so, whether the statement is
present. The first 'SYSTEM CONFIGURATION' window reports
your system's current status. If desired, you may elect to
have XYSee <P>roceed with the installation, or <Q>uit if no
changes are necessary. Should you desire additional
information on this procedure, merely select <H>elp at the
prompt. If you install the statement, be sure to "BOOT" or
"RESET" (Ctrl + Alt + Del) your computer prior to continuing.
Page 6
Press <Q>uit to prohibit changes to your system.
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'XYSee REGISTRATION'
module.
XYSee Registration:
The continued development and distribution of XYSee and
it's MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files is supported entirely
through user registration. Present commercial conditions
have prevented established companies from developing and
marketing upper-level education programs like XYSee. Without
the active financial participation of users, Shareware
programs such as XYSee will also perish.
Note: Your registration helps support distribution of XYSee
at minimum cost to educational institutions.
Press <SPACE> to continue in the 'XYSee REGISTRATION' module.
While in this module, you may print out a convenient
form to facilitate registration of your copy of XYSee.
Press <SPACE> to view the "XYSee LIMITED LICENSE" screen.
Press <SPACE> to exit the 'XYSee REGISTRATION' module.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'XYSee SETUP' module.
XYSee will prepare a special file on your program
diskette containing your new settings, and will automatically
use them as defaults during future sessions.
By now you have used almost all of the important keys
you will need to know as you continue within XYSee. Should it
become necessary, you can also review these key assignments
by accessing any of the menu 'HELP' screens.
Ready To Go On?
'MAIN MENU' Screen:
This screen is the gateway to the rest of the program.
From here you can select mathematic functions to plot and
designs to display, as well as edit and execute powerful
procedures like MACROS. The 'MAIN MENU' screen is primarily
made up of five sub-windows:
The Plot "OPTIONS" window on the left.
The "VALUES" window on the right.
The "FUNCTION" and "COMMENTS" windows on the bottom.
The "XYSee DRAWING AREA" window in the center.
You will become more familiar with this screen format as
we proceed.
Page 7
Press <UP> or <DOWN> several times to highlight other
options.
Press <LEFT> or <RIGHT>, to highlight other menus and
options.
Go ahead and practice a bit. Notice how the selection
bar wraps around the end of it's range just as it did in the
'XYSee SETUP' window.
Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'MENU HELP' module.
As you can see by the diagram, XYSee's menu system is
multi-leveled. You move from one level to another by way of
the <ARROW>, <ENTER>, and <ESCape> keys. All the menu 'HELP'
screens have similar diagrams to assist you in determining
how to get from place to place.
Press <SPACE> to exit the MENU HELP' module.
One Dimensional Point Math Module:
Now that we know how the menu system works, let's try a
math function module!
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
All of the lower level menu screens look exactly like
this with the exception of displaying their own set of
appropriate functions. We are now at the point where we can
actually select a function to manipulate. Let's go with an
easy one first..the ONE DIMENSIONAL point.
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the '1D POINT' module.
As you can see, this single dimension display is
patterned after the normal number line with positive (+X)
values to the right, and negative (-X) values to the left of
the origin. Let's go over some of the other changes. First,
we finally have some values in the "VALUES" window on the
right. In addition, the "OPTIONS" window has completely
changed its contents as has the "FUNCTION" window which now
displays the 'FORMULA' for our '1D POINT'. Along with the
appropriate formula, a variable is in a position to be
updated. If you were quick, you also might have noticed the
small sub-window blink on the right. Should our selections
of values exceed the limits of the number line, XYSee will
automatically calculate a new scale factor for the plot.
Page 8
Numeric Value Entry:
As the comment window states, we can select a new value
for the variable "A"; or simply by pressing <ENTER> accept
the +7.5 that is currently assigned. After we enter our
selections for both "A" and "B", XYSee will plot the results
for us. As you enter the following values, watch the screen
carefully. Several things will be happening in quick
succession, and I will try to point them out to you. First,
go ahead and accept the current +7.5 value for "A" by
pressing <ENTER>. You might have noticed the "A" 'VALUES'
display blink as it was updated. Next, change the value for
"B" to -7.5 watching carefully as you enter each part of the
value... XYSee monitors each key press you make, trying to
figure out what you want. When it thinks it knows for sure,
it will move to complete the entry for you. XYSee knows all
the rules of the game, as well as the limits for each value.
It knows, for example, that SYSTEM LIMITS for variables are
set to +/-99, and that only one decimal place is allowed and
then only if the value is less than +10 and greater than -10.
Don't be intimidated by this, XYSee only wants to help us
keep our plots under control. As you entered your key
presses, the following sequence was taking place:
Your first key, the "-", told XYSee that you didn't want
the currently assigned default value, so it cleared the value
and displayed your "-".
Your second key, the "7", was no help to XYSee, so it
just displayed it.
Your third key, the decimal point ("."), was more
helpful. Now XYSee can figure out what you are doing and set
itself up to assist you. It knows to expect another number
key (or <ESCape> if you don't like your values) and will not
allow other keys to be accepted..except for one, <ENTER>.
If during entry of a numeric value, you press <ENTER>, XYSee
will assume you are through and will complete the rest of
your value, adding any appropriate decimal point or zeroes.
Your last key, the "5", was all that XYSee needed, so it
provided the <ENTER>.
Since you now have values for all the required
variables, XYSee goes to work. The "B" 'VALUES' display gets
updated, the plot scale factor message blinks, and the
plotted point moves to the "X=0" origin as expected.
Page 9
First Waiting Point:
After completing each plot, XYSee moves to it's
first waiting position. The "COMMENT" window then displays
key assignments that are currently active. Let's exit to the
'MAIN MENU' for now. We'll get more practice with other
functions later..
Press <ESCape> to exit the '1D POINT' module.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
Page 10
The '1D POINT' plot window is special. The 'QUADRATIC
EQUATION' module is the only other math function that uses a
similar display.
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
Press <RIGHT> twice then <ENTER> to select the '2D POINT'
module.
The '2D POINT' display is used so much that we better
take just a second and go over some of its features.
Main Plot Display:
First, notice the set of rulers for the "X" and "Y"
axis. These rulers define the two dimensions in which we
will be plotting while we are in this module. The range of
this particular set of rulers is +/- 10. Different functions
may have different ranges so be sure to check them as you
plot. You'll also notice that "X=0" and "Y=0" points are
defined by vertical and horizontal axis lines. Using the
rulers, you can see that the currently displayed point is
located at "X=4" and "Y=-5" or (4,-5) for short. The numeric
values that determined this location are shown in the
"VALUES" window. Just as in the '1D Point' example, these
are the default assignments that are used to give you a
consistent starting place from which to base your
investigations. XYSee automatically plugged these values
into the equation shown in the "FUNCTION" window. The scale
of our plot indicates our default assignments were small
enough not to need any additional adjusting. Entering large
values will result in our plot being scaled by "X10" or
greater as necessary. Let's enter our own values and see
what "PLOT OPTIONS" will then be available to us.
ENTER the following values:
1.0 for "A" (XYSee provides the <ENTER>).
0 for "X" (you must provide the <ENTER>)
5.0 for "B".
These values define a "X" location of 0, and a "Y"
location of 5, i.e. (0,5) which is just where our point is.
Since we are now at the waiting point, we can make our next
selection from the key assignment list in the "FUNCTION"
window at the bottom of our screen.
PLOT OPTIONS menu:
Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'CURSOR' option.
When you are at the first waiting point, all arrow keys
lead to the 'CURSOR' plot option.
Page 11
'CURSOR' Plot Option:
Press <ENTER> to select the 'CURSOR' module.
Use <LEFT>, <RIGHT>, <UP>, or <DOWN> to align the cross-
hairs with points of interest on your plot. Go ahead and
practice a bit.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'CURSOR' module.
'OVERLAY' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' Menu.
The 'OVERLAY PLOTS' Menu has two options: 'STORE' and
'RETRIEVE'. We haven't stored anything yet, but just for
fun, let's try the 'RETRIEVE' option.
'RETRIEVE' Plot Option:
Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to select the 'RETRIEVE' module.
The WARNING! message is XYSee's way of informing us of
an error condition. This time let's 'STORE' the point we just
plotted.
'STORE' Plot Option:
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'STORE' module.
Even though it appears that nothing happened, we have
successfully stored our plot and can 'RETRIEVE' it later.
'STATISTICS' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'STATISTICS' module.
The number and kind of statistics available varies from
function to function. The '2D POINT' function we are plotting
has three statistics available: both "X" and "Y" offsets, and
a location determination aid called "X-Y offset". Functions
can have up to seven statistics, so the 'STATISTICS' window
will expand or contract accordingly. You may move the
'STATISTICS' window around your plot with the <ARROW> keys.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'STATISTICS' module.
Page 12
'ENHANCE PLOT' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'ENHANCE PLOT' module.
The inversion you are seeing is a technique used to more
readily identify plot features that might blend into a
background. The 'ENHANCE PLOT' option is a ON/OFF toggle
like the 'SOUND' Setup we did earlier.
Press <ENTER> to turn the 'ENHANCE PLOT' option OFF.
'PRINT PLOT' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'PRINT PLOT' module.
The 'PRINT PLOT' selection allows you to make a copy of
your work on a printer. Both GRAPHIC and NON-GRAPHIC
printers are supported. We won't copy our current plot as it
can take several minutes to complete a printout.
Press <ESCape> to cancel the 'PRINT PLOT' sequence.
'PLOT HELP' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'PLOT HELP' module.
Two types of HELP are normally provided at this level.
First, each current variable is listed along with a short
explanation of it's effect. Second, EXAMPLE VALUES are listed
along with the plots they define. Our values of (1,0,5)
define a point on the "X=0" axis just as expected.
Press <SPACE> to exit the 'PLOT HELP' module.
EXITING Plot Options:
There is a number of ways to get to the Plot Options
exit point. From where we are, we can press <UP> five times;
press <DOWN> once to wrap around the menu range; or just
press <ESCape>. Let's use the fast way.
Press <ESCape> to exit to the top of the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu.
Press <ESCape> to exit from the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu.
Page 13
Second Waiting Point:
Whenever we leave the "PLOT OPTIONS" window, we
automatically enter the second waiting position. From here,
we may either exit the '2D POINT' module by pressing
<ESCape>, or continue to create new plots by pressing
<SPACE>. Let's plot another point, but this time we will go
a little faster since we are now familiar with the procedure.
Plot a second point:
Press <SPACE> to plot another point.
Press "0" and <ENTER> for the "A" value.
Press "5" and <ENTER> for the "X" value.
Press "0" and <ENTER> for the "B" value.
The values define a point on the "Y=0" axis at "X=+5".
Press <DOWN> twice to select the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' module.
Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to select the 'RETRIEVE' module.
We now have our new point overlaying the one we
previously 'SAVED' for comparison. Since overlaying plots
may mix scales, XYSee automatically switches to a "UNIT
SCALE" for the plot window during overlaying.
Press <DOWN> twice and <ENTER> to select the 'ENHANCE PLOT'
module.
Press <UP> and <ENTER> to select the 'STATISTICS' module.
Notice that the STATISTICS window is essentially where
we left it the last time. As long as you remain within a
particular function module, you won't have to continually
move the 'STATISTICS' window out of the way each time you
plot. XYSee calculates statistics only for your latest plot.
If we overlay components of several previous plots, keeping
track of each set of statistics could become extremely
confusing!
Press: <ESCape> to exit the 'STATISTICS' window.
<DOWN> and <ENTER> to select 'ENHANCE PLOT' module.
<ESCape> up to the 'CURSOR'/EXIT point.
<ESCape> out of the "PLOT OPTIONS" window.
<ESCape> out of '2D POINT'.
<ESCape> out of the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
Whew!... Let's take a break!
Page 14
Ready to continue?
Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE MENU'.
From the 'PUZZLE MENU' you can select Puzzles to be
solved with the 'START PUZZLE' selection, obtain a status
'PUZZLE REPORT' on your progress, save your current puzzles
status for later re-activation with 'SAVE PUZZLE', obtain
'MENU HELP', and return to the 'MAIN MENU'. This screen also
provides access to other menus and selections as we shall
see. The 'PUZZLE MENU' screen also controls the same five
sub-windows with which we are already familiar.
'START PUZZLE' Menu Option:
Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'START PUZZLE' option.
The first step in solving a puzzle is to activate one by
selecting 'START PUZZLE'. You may select either the 'DISK
FILE' or the 'KEYBOARD' as the source for your puzzle. For
our demonstration, we will load and activate one of the
practice puzzles provided on the XYSee program diskette.
Puzzle File Directory:
Press the default <ENTER> or <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to obtain a
directory of all Puzzle Files on your diskette.
'2D POINT' Puzzle Selection.
At the filename prompt, type "TWO_D" and <SPACE> to select
the Puzzle File.
After reading and analyzing the data from the file,
XYSee will plot the point on the display. Everything is then
ready for us to proceed with our solution attempt.
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
We are now ready to select our function to solve.
Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the '2D POINT' module.
As we enter the module, the function we are attempting
to solve blinks so that it can be identified among other
forms that may be present. Go ahead and enter some random
values so that XYSee will advance to the First Waiting Point.
'CURSOR' Plot Option:
Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'CURSOR' Plot Option.
Page 15
The 'CURSOR' Plot Option works just like it did before,
so we will ignore it for now.
'ZOOM SCALE' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'ZOOM SCALE' Plot Option.
It is possible within the numeric limits of XYSee to
plot functions partially or entirely outside the range of the
display. In attempting to identify these "hidden" functions,
you may toggle the display scale between the normal +/-10
range and +/-100 or +/-1000. Once identified, functions may
be solved in the usual manner. Let's take a quick look at
the 'ZOOM SCALE' module.
Press <ENTER> to set the 'ZOOM SCALE' to +/-100.
Notice that the plotted point seems to have moved toward
the center of the display, just as we would expect with our
scale change.
Press <ENTER> twice to reset the 'ZOOM SCALE' to +/-10.
'ENHANCE PLOT' Plot Option:
'PRINT PUZZLE' Plot Option:
The 'ENHANCE PLOT' and 'PRINT PUZZLE' Plot Options work
just like before, so we will ignore them also.
'PUZZLE HELP' Plot Option:
Press <DOWN> three times and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE
HELP' module.
The 'HELP' module identifies variables that are out of
tolerance causing a solution to fail. A failure may be due
to a single variable or possibly the inter-relationship of
several variables. The 'HELP' facility allows you to "lock-
in" correct values while attempting to "zero-in" on incorrect
ones. In establishing standard limits, XYSee can augment each
correct value with a pre-defined tolerance. When 'HELP' is
active, XYSee compares your input with the "standard" limits.
If an input exceeds the limit, the corresponding variable is
highlighted in the values display. It is important to note
however, that the 'HELP' facility merely leads you to one
"unique" solution within the entire solution set for the
function. Just as there are numerous solutions for any
algebraic equation, it is possible, and entirely reasonable,
to successfully complete the solution for a function with any
one variable, or indeed all variables, exceeding the
tolerance limits.
Page 16
Press <ESCape> to jump to the top of the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu.
Press <ESCape> to exit from the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu.
Second Puzzle Waiting Point:
Just as before, when XYSee is at the second waiting
position, we may either exit the '2D POINT' module by
pressing <ESCape>, or continue to solve the puzzle by
pressing <SPACE>.
Since we just turned the 'PUZZLE HELP' facility ON,
let's re-enter our random values and see how it works.
Press <SPACE> to continue in the '2D POINT' module.
Press <ENTER> three times to accept the previous values.
Notice that some or all of the variables are highlighted
indicating excessive values. As we normally would continue
to refine our input values, the out-of-tolerance indicators
would extinguish until a solution was obtained.
Press <ESCape> to exit the '2D POINT' module.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'.
'PUZZLE REPORT' Menu Option:
Press <DOWN> twice and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE REPORT'
module.
The REPORT module provides several pieces of information
that describe our performance as well as the complexity of
each puzzle. You may print a copy of the report if desired.
While we're at it, can you explain our miserable score?
Press <SPACE> to exit the 'PUZZLE REPORT' module.
Press <DOWN>, <LEFT>, and <ENTER> to select the 'KEYBOARD'
puzzle file preparation module.
Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation:
The Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation module is extremely
handy when preparing and activating short puzzle files. For
this demonstration, let's prepare a quick circular puzzle.
Press <3> for a Tolerance value assignment of "0.3".
Press <3> again to select the 'Circle' module.
Enter a value of "1.0" for the "A" variable.
Enter a value of "3.0" for the "B" variable.
Enter a value of "5.0" for the "R" variable.
Press <ENTER> at the function prompt to activate the Puzzle.
A more in-depth explanation of puzzle file preparation
may be found in the ADVANCED PROCEDURES section.
Page 17
'SAVE PUZZLE' Menu Option:
Press <DOWN> three times and <ENTER> to select the 'SAVE
PUZZLE' module.
The 'SAVE' module will copy our current puzzle status
onto the disk where it will remain until we wish to
reactivate it. We are now free to continue to solve for the
copy which is still in the computer. It is important to note
however, that there can be only ONE CURRENT STATUS file on
the diskette at a time. Thus the contents of any existing
status file will be overwritten with each new 'SAVE PUZZLE'
activation. Should you decide to abort the save attempt by
pressing <ESCape>, XYSee will reactivate your present puzzle.
Press <N>o to abort the 'SAVE PUZZLE' activation.
Press <ESCape> to exit the 'PUZZLE MENU'.
Final words...
This just about completes the "Grand Tour". There's
still lots to see and do within XYSee, but for now, you have
a good idea of how to:
Move around within the menus and modules.
Work the various displays.
Prepare and solve puzzles.
Exit back out.
Page 18 XYSee ADVANCED PROCEDURES
=========================
XYSee implements advanced Parametric, Composite, Cubic-
Spline, and Printer Support modules.
PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures:
The 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE' functional areas are
advanced modules designed to display the effects of parameter
changes on "systems" of related equations. Each group solves
two individual equations simultaneously. In the 'PARAMETRIC'
modules, the equations are related through a common parameter
such as "T". Changes to this common parameter will be
reflected in the individual plots of the separate equations
as well as the final plot whose form is derived through a
combination of the partial plots. In the 'COMPOSITE'
modules, the individual equations are related by their
solutions for "Y" at identical values of "X". For example,
if your solution at a particular "X" results in a value of
"5" for "Y" when using equation #1, and "-5" using equation
#2, the resulting combination plot could have a value of "0".
The plot for equation #1 would place a point at location
(X,5), and equation #2 at (X,-5). The combined plot would
have its point placed at (X,0). A second major difference
between Composites and Parametrics is that the Parametrics
are solved using perpendicular axis, i.e. "Y=f(T)" for one
equation and "X=g(T)" for the other. Composite equations
however, are usually solved along a common axis.
Each of the Parametric and Composite modules has three
plots to develop. The first two, equation #1 and equation
#2, are called "Partials" since they each reflect a partial
solution of the third "combined" plot.
Composite equations are not restricted to any arbitrary
type. The equation for a line might be combined with one for
a curve, or two curves might be combined, etc. XYSee
provides examples of each of these standard types.
Using the 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE' Procedures:
As you complete the normal entry of parameters, XYSee
will first complete plots of each partial for you. As the
plotting is taking place, the relevant equation will be
displayed upon the screen. XYSee will automatically go into
an idle mode after plotting the partials to allow you to
study each of them prior to progressing to the composite
plot. You indicate your desire to continue by pressing
<SPACE>.
Plots created with the 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE'
modules can be very exciting as well as instructional.
Interesting examples of both Parametrics and Composites
are provided in the Appendices.
Page 19
Cubic SPLINE Procedures:
The Cubic Spline procedure used by XYSee is an advanced
curve-fitting technique characterized by excellent speed of
execution. In essence, the Spline procedure accepts manually
derived "X" and corresponding "Y" data points, and through
interpolation, generates a smooth curve conforming to the
trends within your data. The benefit of the Spline solution
over other curve-fitting techniques is that the derived curve
passes directly through your data instead of producing an
"averaged" solution. Spline procedures are not true free-
form solutions, as they place some restrictions upon your
data. The XYSee 'SPLINE' module has been enhanced with
unique procedures designed specifically to overcome some of
the more limiting aspects of conventional Spline
implementations.
For example, most Spline implementations have
difficulty manipulating end points. This means that if you
feed the procedure six points, it actually will use only four
of them to generate the curve. XYSee overcomes this
limitation through advanced algorithms designed to retain the
value of all your data points. Additionally, conventional
Spline systems fail when presented with "X" values in a non-
ascending sequence. The normal procedure is for the
erroneous point to be rejected, again, reducing the number of
points used to develop the curve. XYSee has been "taught" a
method of intelligent substitution which in many cases
results in complete transparency while attempting to maintain
the integrity of your curve.
Using the SPLINE procedures:
Using the 'SPLINE' system is easy. The actual
procedures are the same as for any other XYSee module. The
main difference is that you are entering POSITIONAL VALUES,
not formula parameters. In order to develop meaningful
curves, several data points must be used. The XYSee 'SPLINE'
system requires you to enter six sets of "X" and
corresponding "Y" values. The values are obtained by
manually solving any equation that can be expressed in "Y=X"
format. Once you have decided upon an equation, select six
values of "X" in some ascending order. Solve the equation
using these "X" values to obtain the corresponding "Y"
values. After you have defined the six sets of positional
values, merely enter them into XYSee in the usual manner.
Example sets of data, along with the equations from which
they were derived, are listed in the Appendices to assist
you in becoming familiar with the 'SPLINE' module.
Page 20
XYSee Printer Support:
XYSee has built-in support for both GRAPHIC and NON-
GRAPHIC printers.
Using the PRINTER:
All you have to do to print out a plot or puzzle is:
1. Insure that the desired plot/puzzle is on the screen.
2. Enter the 'PLOT OPTIONS MENU' and press <ARROW> to
highlight the 'PRINT PLOT/PUZZLE' menu option.
3. Press <ENTER> to select the 'PRINT PLOT/PUZZLE' module.
4. Select an EPSON compatible printing mode. Your
printer's manual will help in selecting the best mode
for your particular system..
5. Follow the directions and insure your printer is ON
LINE and ready with paper etc., then press <SPACE>.
That's all there is to it!
XYSee uses the printer for the following additional tasks:
Print the XYSee Registration form.
Print the Puzzle Solution Status Report.
Print MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE File Editor Listings.
Page 21
XYSee also implements the MACRO and Free Form Data
Import advanced modules. The procedures which follow will
help you understand their use.
MACRO Procedures:
First, let's talk about MACROS in general. MACROS are
lists or scripts of commands that emulate key presses. What
that means is that on your disk, you can have special files
that just contain key presses that XYSee can read and
execute..just as if you were pressing the keys yourself.
This is a very powerful capability since it saves you from
having to repeat sequences over and over as you study some
particular subject. If you are an educator, you can set up
complete testing systems or routines to cover some
particularly challenging subject. MACROS may be prepared
with the XYSee language sensitive editor, or with any general
purpose text editor such as SideKick, or WordStar (open with
a "N" instead of a "D"). Instructions on how to create simple
text files can be found in the manuals for these programs.
The format required by the MACRO system is straightforward;
just see the section on Preparing MACRO Files. For now, we
just need to know how to run MACROS. You have probably
noticed the prompts for MACROS on all the MENU screens. You
may start MACROS from any of these prompts. XYSee will go
through your MACRO files and sort out the correct ones for
the particular level in which you are working. The procedure
for running a MACRO is as easy as running any other module in
XYSee with the exception that you have to indicate which of
the available MACROS you want to run. Don't worry! XYSee
will assist you and, once you have experienced the power of
MACROS, you'll want to use them often. Now, let's get
started.
Executing a MACRO Routine:
Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'MAIN MENU'.
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to obtain a directory of 'MAIN MENU'
level MACROS.
At the prompt, enter SINE_2X.MAM. Remember, XYSee
constantly monitors the keyboard trying to help us do our
work, so be prepared for it to take over when it's ready.
most of the MACROS that were provided with your program disk
will end their sequences right back where they started, but
that is not a requirement. As a matter of fact, MACROS are
designed to allow you to be as creative as possible, so feel
free. You can't break anything. The worst thing that can
happen is that your MACRO will take XYSee off into the woods
somewhere. If that happens, just go back over the correct
key presses to do what you want, and edit your MACRO
accordingly.
Page 22
Preparing MACRO Files:
The format required by the MACRO system is
straightforward. There are normally only two pieces of
information needed to make up each command line: a STEP
DELAY, and a COMMAND. Additionally, an optional non-
displayed comment may be added to each command line to
explain the usage of the command.
The STEP DELAY value can range from 0-9 seconds, and is
used to delay the execution of the adjoining command. For
example, a STEP DELAY value of "6" will delay the execution
of the adjoining command twice as long as if the STEP DELAY
were set to "3". Creative use of this facility can produce
some very interesting effects. Under normal circumstances,
using the STEP DELAY value settings listed below should
provide satisfactory results.
STEP DELAY VALUE Recommendations:
"0"-"1" For moving between menu selections.
"0" For <ENTERing> selected modules.
"3"-"4" For viewing plots.
"7"-"9" For viewing HELP and Information screens.
A special MACRO command "NULL" has been provided to
allow longer automatic delays. This command does not execute,
but just provides an additional STEP DELAY value. You may
use as many NULL commands as you need to obtain your desired
result. More on specific commands later...
STEP DELAY values affect the execution of the adjoining
command. The action occurs in the same sequence as it is
listed. That is, the delay comes first, followed by the
execution of the command. Therefore, if you wanted to
display a message on the screen, you might use a sequence
like the following:
0 MESSAGE (Display the following on the screen)
Count the points within the first quadrant.
9 ESCAPE (Delay, then leave the module)
Page 23
The second required item for each command line is, of
course, the command itself.
COMMANDS follow the STEP DELAY values on the command
line. They are primarily designed to emulate key presses.
For example, a command of "UP" would provide the same result
as if you had pressed the <UP> arrow key. A full listing of
the available commands are provided in the Appendices.
Command sequences are developed by documenting your
key presses as you go through the steps to manually
accomplish a desired goal. Once the steps have been listed,
you merely use the XYSee editor to prepare a file containing
the commands. Don't be overly concerned with this procedure.
I'm sure you will find it significantly easier than writing a
letter with a common word processor. Should your MACRO
sequence somehow go astray, XYSee will let you know, and turn
off the remainder of the MACRO so as to limit any damage to
your plot. If XYSee is a little slow in understanding what's
going on, you may press <ESCape> to terminate the MACRO
sequence. If you're not quite sure whether to terminate the
MACRO yet or not, and would like to just think about it,
press <SPACE> and the MACRO sequence will idle until the next
<SPACE>. If an error is found, merely re-edit your TEXT file
and try again..
COMMENTS are highly recommended! An optional comment
can be added to each command line. As your work becomes more
sophisticated (lengthy), remembering exactly where you are in
a sequence at any particular moment may become more and more
challenging. The liberal use of comments can do much to
alleviate this problem. Comments, if used, may extend only to
the end of the current command line. If more room is needed,
just use a NULL line to extend the comment area.
Comments actually come in two flavors, Displayed and
Non-displayed. Displayed comments are called MESSAGES by
XYSee.
A MESSAGE may be displayed on the screen at any time.
Messages can draw attention to significant events, important
operations, or give directions, and ask questions. There are
several enhancements available to help you get the most out
of your MESSAGES. Manual "<SPACE>" and automatically
generated "WAIT" delays, as well as attention getting sound
effects "BEEP", are good examples.
The MESSAGE command is actually a two line sequence.
The first line is the normal STEP DELAY/COMMAND set that we
are now familiar with. It lets XYSee know that the displayed
message is coming. The second line is the actual text that
you want to have displayed.
Page 24
MACRO Filenames:
As we have shown, the XYSee menu structure is multi-
leveled. To accommodate this system in the most versatile
manner, XYSee uses a multi-leveled MACRO structure also. You
may write MACROS to execute within just one menu level, or
they can be written to span all menu levels. The 'MAIN MENU'
screen MACRO selection is primarily used to execute scripts
that span several lower level menu functions. The
'GEOMETRIC', 'QUADRATIC', 'TRIGONOMETRIC', And 'ADVANCED
MENU' screen MACRO selections are most efficiently used with
scripts that exercise functions within one menu level. This
is not an absolute requirement; however, as you may exit from
a lower level to the main menu level and then re-enter
another lower level if you wish. The only absolute
requirement is that MACROS must START from within the proper
level.
XYSee is designed to assist you in keeping large numbers
of MACROS separated efficiently. It does this through a
unique file extension technique. All MACROS that are
designed to execute from the 'MAIN MENU' level are assigned
extensions of ".MAM". The first "MA" stands for MACRO, with
the last "M" assigning it to the 'MAIN MENU' group. The four
lower level file extensions are:
".MAG" for the 'GEOMETRIC MENU' group.
".MAQ" for the 'QUADRATIC MENU' group.
".MAT" for the 'TRIGONOMETRIC MENU' group.
".MAA" for the 'ADVANCED MENU' group.
** WARNING! **
MACRO files that are mis-labeled will malfunction if
invoked from an incorrect menu level...
All XYSee MACRO commands are listed in the Appendices.
You may obtain additional examples of their usage by printing
out the MACRO Practice files that have been provided on your
XYSee program diskette.
Page 25
'IMPORT' Procedures:
The 'IMPORT' facility is potentially one of the most
interesting modules in XYSee. It is designed to accept up to
100 "X" and corresponding "Y" values from a disk file,
automatically determine an appropriate scale for the data,
and create a display in either of two available fonts. Just
as in the other function modules, basic statistics are
calculated for your data. There is essentially no
restriction placed upon your data. Remember though that the
value of any plot is enhanced by selecting points that
amplify important trends without swamping them within large
numbers of irrelevant "noise". If this is the case, some
manual sorting may help to improve your displays. XYSee can
help in the sorting task by providing a graphic
representation of your un-filtered (unsorted) data. From
this display, you can then select points that you feel are
worth including in a second refined or filtered 'IMPORT'
file. Having two files like this will allow you to display
the effects and benefits, as well as the traps, associated
with filtering and smoothing techniques.
Executing an 'IMPORT' Routine:
Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'MAIN MENU'.
Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to obtain a directory of 'IMPORT'
files.
XYSee will automatically go out to the disk and collect
all the IMPORT routines for us, just as it did in the MACRO
example. Let's choose one, and run it. At the prompt, enter
"NORMAL.IMP". XYSee will still be monitoring things, so
again, be prepared for it to take over when it's ready.
As the 'IMPORT' file is being read, XYSee will keep us
informed of it's progress with the 'COMMENT' line display of
your values. If everything goes well, XYSee will report the
fact and then get busy and develop an appropriate plot. There
are several special routines that XYSee can use to try to
correct any errors it finds in your data, but remember the
old rule, "Garbage In, Garbage Out", so take care as you
prepare your 'IMPORT' files to help XYSee. The plot you see
has been prepared just for the current set of data. The scale
is special also and won't necessarily conform to any other
'IMPORT' plot scale, or for that matter, any other module's
scale. It's best to not make any assumptions about scales
particularly when using the 'OVERLAY' facility.
The 'IMPORT' module can be under MACRO control just like
any other module, with one exception. The choice of 'IMPORT'
file to be used must still be done manually.
Page 26
While you are in the 'IMPORT' module, you may use the
"PLOT OPTIONS" just as you did in the other modules.
There is one more capability that you might have
noticed in the key press listings. The 'ALTERNATE PLOT' font
is activated by pressing the <ALTernate> and <P> keys at the
same time. This facility is very helpful to separate
overlaid data sets. If you have a lot of points, plotting
one set in each font will help you to identify any inter-
relationships. The alternate plot font capability can also be
used just to get the best display for a particular data set.
If you have a few points, the individual points may be too
small to provide the information you want, so switching to
the encircled points will help. Conversely, if you have a
large number of points, the encircled points will tend to run
things together, so selecting the discrete points is the
thing to do. You might want to experiment with the different
techniques to determine which is best for your data.
Preparing 'IMPORT' Files:
The format of an 'IMPORT' file is extremely simple.
There is only one required item for each line in the file.
One "X" or corresponding "Y" numeric value should be entered
on each line followed by a space. An optional comment can be
included as long as it does not extend past the end of the
current line. Each "X" and following "Y" make up a numeric
value pair or set, and define the position of a point on the
display. For example, entries of 3.0 and -6.5 would place a
point at location (3.0,-6.5), and a second point just to its
right could be defined by the values 3.1 and -6.5.
XYSee is designed to be as versatile as possible with
regard to the form of the numeric values. Acceptable formats
are as follows:
0.1 -0.1
1 -1
1.2 -1.2
12 -12
12.3 -12.3
** WARNING! **
Each point you wish to include in an IMPORT file must be
defined by BOTH an "X" and a corresponding "Y" value. The
values must be on separate lines "X" before "Y", with a SPACE
following each. XYSee will analyze your numeric value pairs
as they are read into the computer system and will reject
sets that do not meet these criteria.
Page 27
Example 'IMPORT' File Listing:
Filename = TWO_DOT.IMP
Syntax = <Numeric Value><Space><Optional Comment>
3.5 Value for X(1).
-7 Value for Y(1).
3.9 Value for X(2).
0.0 Value for Y(2).
You may obtain additional examples by printing out the
'IMPORT' files that have been provided on your XYSee program
diskette.
IMPORT Filenames:
XYSee is designed to assist you in keeping large numbers
of 'IMPORT' files separated just as it does MACROS. The same
file extension system is used, but only one extension is
necessary. Files with extensions of ".IMP" will be collected
and displayed for your selection during execution of a
'IMPORT' routine.
PUZZLE Procedures:
XYSee's Puzzle module challenges the user to complete
the solution of puzzles composed of mathematic functions.
Preparing Puzzle Files:
Only three types of information are "required" to
complete a puzzle file; a TOLERANCE value, Function NAME, and
NUMERIC VALUES for any associated variables. In addition, an
optional non-displayed COMMENT may be added to each line in
the file to explain it's usage.
In establishing "standard" limits for variables, XYSee
can augment the normal "exact value" solution criteria by
adding the pre-defined tolerance value. A single tolerance
is active for each solution set, and is saved with the puzzle
on diskette. As you become more familiar with a solution
set, you may choose to tighten-up the tolerance value, or
even eliminate it altogether by setting it to 0.0.
TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations:
"0.0"-"0.3" Advanced level users or simple functions.
"0.4"-"0.6" Intermediate level users and functions.
"0.7"-"0.9" Novice level users or advanced functions.
Page 28
The syntax requirement for the tolerance value and all
other numerics within a puzzle is the same. Each value must
occupy it's own line, contain a prefix of "#", and be
followed by at least one space!
NUMERIC Examples:
#0.1 comment recommended.
#2.3
#45
#-0.6
#-7.8
#-90
Sequences of FUNCTIONS with their associated variables
follow the tolerance value in the Puzzle file. There is no
theoretical limit to the number of functions (pieces) that
can make up an individual puzzle; however, there is a
practical limit to the complexity of a display. Too many
pieces, poorly placed, can make a puzzle overly difficult to
solve. A full listing of available functions and associated
variables can be found in the "Functional Modules" section of
this manual.
Puzzle function sequences may be developed by
documenting your key presses as you go through the steps to
manually solve your desired puzzle. Once the steps have been
listed, you merely prepare a puzzle file with the XYSee
editor.
The required syntax for puzzle functions is even simpler
then that required for numerics. Each VALID function name
must occupy it's own line, and like the numeric, be followed
by at least one space!
FUNCTION Examples:
LINE comment recommended.
Parabola
circle
SiNe (Upper/Lower case okay.)
COMMENTS are highly recommended! As with MACROs and
'IMPORT' data files, an optional comment can be added to each
line in your file. Please remember however, that comments,
may extend only to the end of the current line.
Page 29
PUZZLE Filenames:
XYSee assists in managing large numbers of Puzzle files
through the usual unique file extension technique. All
Puzzle files are assigned extensions of ".PZL". If you are
preparing your Puzzle files with a general purpose text
editor, you will have to explicitly assign this extension.
If however, you are using the XYSee editor, it will assign
the extension for you automatically.
** WARNING! **
Puzzle files that are mis-labeled will not be able to be
selected for use by XYSee.
You may obtain further examples of function and numeric
variable usage by printing out the practice Puzzle files
that have been provided on your XYSee program diskette.
In addition, the required syntax is diagrammed in the
Appendices.
Page 30
Editor BASIC MENU STRUCTURE
===========================
= START Editor =
|
|
|------------ Edit Procedures HELP
|
+-----------------> Define Edit File Type
| (MACRO/Import/Puzzle)
| | |
| +--------+ |
| | |
| Define MACRO Level |
| (M/G/Q/T/A) |
| | |
| +------------> |
| |
| Display Directory
| |
| |
| Obtain Edit File
| |
| |--------------- Edit Command HELP
| | |
| | +--------|
| | | |
| +-------------> Main Edit Screen | Syntax HELP
| | | | |
| | | +--------|
| | | | |
| | | <----------+-- Application HELP
| | |
| +---- (error) --- Check Syntax
| | |
| | |
| | Save Changes
| | |
| | |
| +--(yes)-- Continue Editing This File
| |
| |
+--------(yes)-------- Edit a New File
|
|
= END Editor =
Page 31
XYSee Language Sensitive EDITOR
===============================
Edit File specification:
The XYSee Editor is designed to Create, Change, and
Validate MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files. These files may
not all be found on the same disk. To enable the editor to
do it's job, we must insure that the appropriate files are
accessible to the program. This is easily accomplished by
identifying the disk drive containing your data in the SETUP
module at the beginning of XYSee.
Beginning the XYSee Editor tour:
Access to the editor is accomplished by selecting the
'FILE EDITOR' module from the 'MAIN MENU'.
Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'FILE EDITOR' module.
Main Edit Screen:
The first screen you will encounter upon entering the
editor is the "Main Edit Screen". This is where you will
begin to define the type, and if necessary, the level of file
you wish to edit.
XYSee Editor HELP:
Press <F1> to select the Editor HELP screen.
The Editor HELP screen serves as a quick reference for
important points concerning program function, operation, and
structure. As you can see, the editing process is actually
quite simple. We merely have to define our file type, load
or create the disk file, complete our editing, save the file,
and exit the editor.
Press <Space> to exit the Editor HELP screen.
NOTE: The next few paragraphs call out keys defining the type
of file you wish to edit. DO NOT actually press the
indicated keys until you have been instructed to do so!
Page 32
Main Edit Screen (continued):
We are now ready to begin to define the parameters of
our file to the editor. The first parameter is the Edit File
Type. The file type is necessary so that the editor may
assist you in keeping large numbers of MACRO (multiple
levels), Import, and Puzzle files separated efficiently.
Only one action is necessary to select an Import or Puzzle
file type, you merely press <I>mport or <P>uzzle.
Selecting a MACRO file type however, is a two step process.
(1) Press <M>ACRO to proceed to the MACRO Level Definition
step.
(2) Select an appropriate menu level from the following:
(a) Press <M>ain Menu Level
(b) Press <G>eometric Menu Level
(c) Press <Q>uadratic Menu Level
(d) Press <T>rigonometric Menu Level
(e) Press <A>dvanced Menu Level
** WARNING! **
MACRO files that are mis-labeled will malfunction if
invoked from an incorrect menu level within XYSee.
Following your key press, the editor will prepare a
directory display of all matching files currently on the
disk. If you wish to alter a file that is listed, merely
enter the filename at the prompt. If however, you want to
create a new file, enter the new filename at the prompt and
answer <Y>es to the 'Create File?.(Y/N).' request.
A couple important comments before we continue. The
XYSee editor is language sensitive, which among other things
means it will only allow filenames conforming to the special
XYSee file extension format to be saved on the disk. This
language sensitivity allows the editor to assist you in
establishing and maintaining the validity of your files.
All files used by XYSee can be prepared using a generic
text editor (SideKick) or word processor (WordStar) operating
in the ASCII text mode. Use of an editor other than XYSee
however, would require manual filename extension assignment
and syntax checking.
Ready to go on?
Page 33
PLEASE BEGIN PRESSING KEYS AS INDICATED IN THE FOLLOWING TEXT!
For the purposes of this demonstration, we will select a
MACRO file to update. A special 'MAIN MENU' level MACRO
possessing the filename "PRACTICE.MAM" has been included on
your program disk. Now that you are familiar with the
initial steps in defining a file to the editor, go ahead and
load the program and we will continue...
Editor Command HELP:
While actively editing a file, you may access
progressive, multi-leveled HELP screens covering editor
commands, syntax formats, and application commands. The
prompt at the bottom of the screen indicates that this HELP
is available at the touch of the F1 Function key. You may
press <SPACE> to return to the main edit screen at any time.
Please refer to the "HELP Screens" section of this manual for
additional information.
At this point, the highlighted cursor should be
positioned at the first character in the first row of text.
As we proceed, we will exercise each Cursor Control, Line,
and Utility command implemented by the editor. First the
Cursor Control commands.
'CURSOR' Control Keys:
The TAB, F2, End, and Home keys allow rapid
repositioning of the cursor in relatively large increments as
follows.
Right 10 spaces..TAB:
Press <TAB> three times.
The TAB key repositions the cursor 10 spaces to the
right on the current line. Successive TABing will not
wrap around on the same or subsequent lines.
Left/Right on line..F2:
Press the <F2> key three times.
The F2 key repositions the cursor to the left and right
edges of the current line.
Page 34
Press <TAB> once to position the cursor to column 10.
Bottom of screen..End:
Press <End> once.
The End key repositions the cursor to the bottom of the
currently displayed screen. The column position of the
cursor remains unchanged.
Top of screen..Home:
Press <Home> once.
The Home key repositions the cursor to the top of the
currently displayed screen. The column position of the
cursor remains unchanged.
The Down, Right, Up, and Left arrow keys reposition the
cursor in smaller increments as follows.
Cursor down..Down-arrow:
Press <Down-arrow> two times.
Cursor right..Right-arrow:
Press <Right-arrow> two times.
Cursor up..Up-arrow:
Press <Up-arrow> two times.
Cursor left..Left-arrow:
Press <Left-arrow> two times.
The Del, Ins, and Backspace/Delete keys allow the
removal, or addition of individual characters as follows.
Delete character..Del:
Press <ARROW> to place the cursor well into a line of text.
Press the <Del> key three times.
Notice that the characters under the cursor have been
removed as well as the space they occupied in the text.
Page 35
Insert character..Ins:
Press the <Ins> key three times.
We have recovered the space needed by the characters we
just deleted. Replace the characters by pressing the
appropriate keys.
Backspace/Delete..Backspace:
Press the <Backspace/Delete> key three times.
Once again we have deleted the associated characters.
Go ahead and replace the deleted characters as before.
The PgDn, F4, PgUp, and F3 keys reposition the cursor as
follows:
Next screen..PgDn:
Press the <PgDn> key once.
The entire page of text will be replaced with the
exception of enough lines to help you maintain
orientation within your work.
Bottom of file..F4:
Press the <F4> key once.
The cursor will be repositioned to the bottom of the
current file.
Append line..RET:
Press the <RET>urn key once.
As you complete each new line of text, you use this key
to provide room for the next one. All the files used by
XYSee are line oriented, therefore the editor knows to
remain on the current new line until you press RETurn.
Previous screen..PgUp:
Press <PgUp> key once.
The entire page of text will again be replaced with the
exception of enough lines to help you maintain
orientation within your work.
Page 36
Top of file..F3:
Press the <F3> key once.
The cursor will be repositioned to the top of the
current file.
The following commands affect whole lines of text at one
time. First, lets reposition the cursor so that we may
observe their effect.
Press <Down-arrow> four times.
Insert line..F7:
Press the <F7> key.
A blank line will be inserted just ahead of the current
line of text. Go ahead and type <Inserted Line> on the
new line to identify it as we proceed.
Delete line..F8:
Be sure the cursor is on the new line.
Press the <F8> key to delete the line.
Restore line..F10:
Were we to have deleted the line accidentally, we could
restore it by pressing the F10 key.
Press the <F10> key.
This key is also handy for moving an entire line from
one position in the text to another. One thing to note
however is that only one restore is allowed for each
delete.
Copy line from..F5: {Cut}
Press the <F5> key.
This key will "Cut" a copy of our restored line. You'll
notice that the original line was not deleted as it was
in the previous step. Let's reposition the cursor
before we proceed.
Press the <Down-arrow> key three times.
Page 37
Copy line to..F6: {Paste}
Press the <F6> key.
This key will "Paste" a copy of the saved line into the
text just ahead of our current position. Once a line
has been "Cut", you may reposition the cursor and
"Paste" as many copies as you desire. This duplication
feature is particularly useful when preparing MACRO
files containing numerous cursor key emulation commands.
Print edit file..F9:
The Print File feature produces a permanent record of
your work safe from accidental erasure. In addition,
You may use your printout to follow your routine as it
executes within XYSee.
NOTE: If you would like a copy of the "Practice.MAM"
file, press the <F9> key and <Y>es when your
printer is ready. If not, press <N>o or
<ESCape> to abort the procedure.
HELP..F1:
Press the <F1> key.
The editor provides three screens of helpful information
covering the functions we are currently reviewing as
well as syntax formats and commands of the individual
applications. You may either move from screen to screen
with the F1 key, or return to the main edit screen by
pressing <SPACE>.
Press the <SPACE> key.
Exit/Syntax check..ESCape:
Press the <ESC>ape key.
The editor will exit to the syntax check step. Since
the file contains "Inserted Lines" from our previous
work, and since they don't meet the requirements of the
editor, our syntax check fails...
Press <SPACE> at the message "Press Key...<ESCape>=Exit,
<SPACE>=Show Error".
Page 38
The editor is designed to assist you in determining
which line is nonstandard following a syntax check failure by
automatically placing the cursor at the offending line.
This combination of syntax checking and automatic cursor
placement provide powerful assistance in maintaining your
files. When you're ready to continue, position the cursor at
each "Inserted line" in turn, and use the F8 key to delete
them. After deleting the nonstandard lines, press the
<ESC>ape key and try the syntax check again. Continue the
above procedure with any additional nonstandard lines until a
successful check is obtained.
Saving Changes:
A successful syntax check is indicated by the request
"Save changes?..(Y/N)". At this point, you may prohibit
changes to your original file. If you choose not to save
your changes, your original file will remain unchanged.
Since we may want to use our original practice file again...
Press <N>o.
Immediately following a file save, the editor will
prepare a backup copy and write it to the disk. You may
notice this additional disk access just prior to the keyboard
being activated for input. A backup copy allows you to
recover your previous work should there be an equipment
failure during editing.
Continue Editing:
As you continue with a lengthy project, it would be wise
to complete occasional partial saves as insurance against
equipment problems. Alternatively, you may want to insure
that each particular section of your work is syntactically
correct before continuing on. Regardless of the reason,
this step will allow you to go back into the editor and
continue with a currently loaded edit file.
Press <N>o.
Edit a New File:
Should you feel particularly productive during a session
and wish to edit more than one file, you may elect to do so
at this point. If however, you landed here by ESCaping out
of the "Obtain Edit File" step, this is your chance to go
back and try again. the <ESCape> could have been necessary
due to accidentally selecting a Puzzle file when you really
wanted a MACRO, etc.
Page 39
NOTE: This is your last opportunity to remain within the
editor as a <N>o response at this point would return
you to the 'MAIN MENU'.
Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO:
Let's take just a moment and prepare a quick little
MACRO to reinforce what we have learned.
Press <Y>es to Edit a New File.
Press <M> to prepare a MACRO file.
Press <M> for a 'MAIN MENU' MACRO.
At the Directory Prompt, enter a filename of your
choice. Just be sure it does not already exist.
Press <Y>es to Create the File.
Enter the following data just as illustrated. End
each line except the last with a <ENTER> key press as shown.
1 Right <ENTER>
1 Enter <ENTER>
1 Right <ENTER>
1 Enter <ENTER>
1 #-5.0 <ENTER>
1 #-3.0 <ENTER>
1 Up <ENTER>
1 Down <ENTER>
1 Down <ENTER>
0 Enter <ENTER>
3 Escape <ENTER>
1 Escape <ENTER>
1 Escape <ENTER>
1 Escape <ENTER>
1 Escape <ENTER>
1 Stop
Press <ESCape> to obtain a syntax check of your work.
There should not be a problem. If there is, just
press <SPACE> to have XYSee locate it for you. You can
correct the problem with the editing keys you just learned.
Press <Y>es to save our file.
Press <N>o since we are through editing the file.
The MACRO we have prepared is short and thus quite
easy to follow. Be sure to include comments in your longer
"real" scripts to help in locating errors etc.
Page 40
You may obtain complete information on preparing
additional MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files in the Advanced
Procedures section of this manual.
Press <N>o to exit the editor and return to the 'MAIN MENU'.
Executing the Practice Edit MACRO:
Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'MACRO SCRIPT' module.
Just for fun, let's run our practice MACRO. At the
directory prompt, enter the filename of the MACRO and watch
while it executes. I hope everything goes well. If not,
just load up the editor again and check your sequence of
steps. Have fun!...
Finishing up:
This completes our tour of the XYSee Language Sensitive
Editor. Some of the procedures we have covered may require a
little practice before you have them down pat, but for now,
you have a good idea of how to:
1. Move around within the editor.
2. Interpret the various displays.
3. Reposition the cursor.
4. Create, copy, delete, and restore lines of text.
5. Obtain multi-level HELP.
6. Check the syntax of your work, print, and save it.
By the way, after correctly commenting your practice
MACRO, it should look something like this...
1 Right Highlight the 'GEOMETRIC' menu.
1 Enter Select the 'GEOMETRIC' menu.
1 Right Highlight the '1D Point' module.
1 Enter Select the '1D Point' module.
1 #-5.0 Enter a value for variable 'A'.
1 #-3.0 Enter a value for variable 'B'.
1 Up Highlight the 'CURSOR' option.
1 Down Highlight the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' option.
1 Down Highlight the 'STATISTICS' option.
0 Enter Select the 'STATISTICS' module.
3 Escape After viewing the 'STATISTICS'..exit.
1 Escape Jump to the top of the 'OPTIONS' menu.
1 Escape Exit the 'OPTIONS' menu.
1 Escape Exit to the 'GEOMETRIC' menu.
1 Escape Exit to the 'MAIN MENU'.
1 Stop Terminate this 'MAIN MENU' level MACRO.
Page 41
Editor HELP Screens.
====================
Multi-leveled HELP is available while in the editor.
Successive <F1> Key presses, following file designation,
will provide access to information screens covering
EDIT/APPLICATION COMMANDS, and SYNTAX STRUCTURES. You may
return to the Main Edit Screen from within the HELP sequence
at any time by pressing <SPACE>.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Edit Command HELP screen #1:
Edit commands implement XYSee's CURSOR CONTROL, LINE, and
UTILITY Functions while in the editor.
CURSOR FUNCTIONS
Left/Right on line .F2 Cursor up .........Up-arrow
Right 10 spaces ...TAB Cursor down .....Down-arrow
Top of screen ....Home Cursor left .....Left-arrow
Bottom of screen ..End Cursor right ...Right-arrow
Previous screen ..PgUp Insert character .......Ins
Next screen ......PgDn Delete character .......Del
Top of file ........F3 Backspace/Delete .Backspace
Bottom of file .....F4
LINE FUNCTIONS UTILITY FUNCTIONS
Copy line from .F5 Insert line ...F7 Print edit file .......F9
Copy line to ...F6 Delete line ...F8 HELP ..................F1
Append line ...RET Restore line .F10 Exit/Syntax check .ESCape
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Syntax HELP screen #2:
Syntax structures define the format of XYSee's Macro,
Import, and Puzzle files.
FILE SYNTAX:
MACRO:
(Line 1) <Delay><Space><Command><Space>{Comment}
(Line 1) <Delay><Space><"Message"><Space>{Comment}
{Line 2) <Message text>
IMPORT:
(Line 1) <Numeric value><Space>{Comment}
PUZZLE:
(Line 1) <Function type><Space>{Comment}
(Line 2) <Parameter value #1><Space>{Comment}
(Line n) <Parameter value #n)<Space>{Comment}
Notation convention: <Required>, {Optional}, "Literal", (Note only)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 42
Application Command HELP screen #3:
Application commands implement the various functions
of XYSee's Macro, Import, and Puzzle modules.
AUTOMATIC COMMANDS MANUAL COMMANDS
BEEP ..............Attention Bell ESCape Key .........Abort MACRO
ENTER .ENTER/RETURN Key emulation SPACE Key .Pause till SPACE Key
ESCAPE ......ESCape Key emulation
FORMULA ........Alternate formula SPECIAL COMMANDS
MESSAGE ........Display a message 0-9 .Step DELAY Multiplier
NULL ..........Non-executing line # ...NUMERIC Value follows
OFF-KEY, ON-KEY ..Lock/Unlock Kbd
PLOT .........Alternate plot font PUZZLE FUNCTIONS
PRINT ...........Activate printer 2D-Point Line
SPACE ........Space-Bar emulation Circle Parabola
STOP .............Terminate MACRO Ellipse Sine
UP, DOWN .....Arrow Key emulation Cosine Tangent
LEFT, RIGHT ..Arrow Key emulation Para#1 Para#2
WAIT ........Pause till SPACE Key Comp#1 Comp#2
XYSee APPENDICES
================
Collected here for your use are:
1. A Glossary of terms used in this manual.
2. A full listing of Error Messages, their causes
and recommended corrections.
3. A listing of Functional Module specifications.
4. A comprehensive set of Demonstration Values for
each function module.
5. A full listing of MACRO Commands with examples.
6. A listing of Puzzle File Syntax with examples.
7. A directory of Practice MACRO, Import, and
Puzzle files.
8. A topic Index.
Page I-1
The XYSee Glossary
==================
A
Alternate Plot: A capability, limited to the IMPORT module, that
allows custom contrasting of plotted points.
ASCII: A system which allows the representation of text without
the addition of "special" word processing codes. XYSee can
use MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE files prepared with a word
processor operating in ASCII Text mode.
Asymptotes: A straight line (X=0 or Y=0 axis) which may be
approached but never touched by a curve.
Axis: The horizontal X and vertical Y base lines on your display.
B
Backup: Duplication of data or a program to allow recovery
following loss or damage to the original.
Boot/Reset: To start an operating system on a computer. Once the
operating system is running, you can execute programs like
XYSee.
C
CONFIG.SYS: A configuration (CONFIG) system (SYS) file used by
DOS to extend the capabilities and services provided to your
computer as it executes programs.
Command: An instruction given to the computer. Commands may be
given from the keyboard or from a MACRO file.
Comment window: The area at the bottom of a common XYSee display
where helpful notes and error messages are displayed.
Composite curve: The combining of two related functions into a
third function display. In XYSee, the original functions are
called partials of the composite.
Cursor: A movable horizontal and vertical axis system which can
be used to indicate points of interest on a plot or a movable
indicator which defines the working position on your computer
screen. XYSee's editor uses a highlighted cursor.
Curve fitting: A procedure for defining a smooth curve that
conforms to data points. The Cubic Spline procedure provides
this capability in XYSee.
Page I-2
D
Default: The response that XYSee will assume unless a change is
specified by the user.
DOS: Your Disk Operating System is a collection of procedures which
enables your computer to execute programs like XYSee.
E
ERROR message: A message displayed on the screen which informs
the user of an anomalous condition. Consult the ERROR message
listing in the Appendices for message specific information.
F
File: A collection of related information stored on your disk. A
file can contain either programs or data. MACROS, IMPORT
Files, and PUZZLES are examples of disk files used by XYSee.
Foci: A point whose position can define the form of an ellipse,
hyperbola, or parabola. It appears as the source or
destination of rays.
Full Screen: A text editing technique whereby a full screen of
displayed text is accessible for alteration. Cursor
positioning and editing is unlimited within the current
display. Completion of editing is coincident with the saving
of the file to disk.
Function: A correspondence that assigns to each element x of X a
unique element y of Y. NOTE: The term "Function" is used to
describe a particular module within the XYSee system,
regardless of whether it meets this rigid definition or not.
That is to say, the circle is a functional module in XYSee.
Functional module: See Function.
Function window: The area at the bottom of a common XYSee display
that lists menu selections, active keys, or input
requirements.
H
HELP screen: A source of information about functions or tasks
available to the user at a given point in the program.
Hercules: A high resolution graphics monochrome display
standard.
Page I-3
I
Import File: A collection of X and corresponding Y positional
values on a disk. The user derived values will be plotted by
XYSee.
Installation: An auxiliary function designed to adapt your
computers operating environment to the needs of XYSee.
L
Line Orientation: A text editing technique whereby file creation
and alteration is done one line at a time. Text display and
cursor positioning are normally restricted to the active
line. Completion of editing for each line is typically
signified by a carriage return.
Lissajous: A fundamental pattern named after the 19th-century
French scientist. Useful in displaying relationships between
periodic functions. A simple example is the comparison of the
frequency ratio of a wave on the X-axis to one on the Y-axis.
M
MACRO: A collection of commands which when invoked will
automatically execute their individual procedures in
sequence.
Magnetic media: The fragile coating on a diskette which actually
holds your data. The openings on a diskette allow access to
the media for your computer. NEVER TOUCH MAGNETIC MEDIA!
Master Diskette: The original XYSee program diskette which was
provided by the manufacturer. This diskette should never be
used to actually run XYSee. Use a backup copy.
Menu: A list of functions or tasks available to the user at a
given point in the program. The user selects the function
desired from the menu.
Monochrome: A single color display made up of bright text or
graphics against a dark background. Portions of a graphics
display can be inverted by XYSee using the ENHANCE Plot
Option.
O
Origin: An arbitrary point separating the real number system into
positive and negative values with a one-to-one
correspondence.
Page I-4
Overlay: A procedure which visually places one display over
another. The contents of the individual displays are
combined.
P
Parameter values: Values which either totally define a positional
value directly (A=X or A=Y) or which adjust its final
computed value (A*X or A*Y.)
Parametric value: A value which is common between two or more
expressions. Altering the parametric value would result in
changing all related expressions.
Positional values: A combination of X and Y values which
represent a position on the two dimensional plane. For
example, the set (X,Y) equal to (5,-3), would define a
position five units to the right and three units down from
the origin.
Printer: A device for producing a permanent copy of an XYSee
graphic display. The quality of the printout is dependent
upon the graphics capabilities of the printer.
Prompt: A symbol that appears on the screen indicating the need
for a typed response from the user. If a MACRO is active,
the response will be provided by the MACRO.
R
Read: Moving stored data or a program from a disk file into the
computer for processing.
Retrieve: Recovering a graphic display from a special part of
memory where it was "saved" by the OVERLAY system.
S
Save: Placing a graphic display into a special part of memory
where it will remain unchanged until "retrieved" by the
OVERLAY system.
Scale factor: A level of adjustment applied to data or a display
to insure conformity to system limits.
Spline: A procedure which uses given points to mathematically
interpolate additional points to resolve a smooth curve.
XYSee uses the "Cubic Spline" procedure which limits the
mathematics involved to 3rd degree polynomials.
Page I-5
Step Delay: A numeric quantity as it relates to time. In a MACRO,
a step delay will postpone the execution of a following
command.
Syntax: A set of grammatical rules used in the implementation of
a programming language. Typically, syntax rules define the
Commands, their Spacing, and Numeric Representations of the
language. XYSee's editor can interpret all the syntactical
constructs used in MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files.
System limits: A set of maximum and minimum values that define
the capabilities of a system. XYSee has system numeric limits
of +/-99 with one decimal place accuracy.
T
Text Editor: A program which manipulates text and possibly
graphics in the preparation of program and data files.
Text editors characteristically generate ASCII files.
V
Vertices: The point on an angle around which a side rotates in
its path from an initial position to a terminal position,
i.e. a corner where the sides meet.
W
Waiting point: A position or step within XYSee where the program
will pause waiting for a response from the user or a MACRO.
Word Processor: A program which manipulates text and possibly
graphics in the preparation of documents. XYSee can use
MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE files prepared with a word
processor operating in ASCII Text mode.
Write: Moving stored data or a program from the computer into a
disk file after processing.
Page II-1
XYSee ERROR MESSAGES
====================
This appendix is a compilation of all the error messages
used with XYSee in alphabetical order. Included with each error
message is an expanded explanation of what caused the error, and
possible remedies to the problem.
ABORT!..MACRO sequence terminated..Please continue...
1. An <ESCape> key press was detected. This is a user
generated action.
2. A Error was discovered in a MACRO File quantity. Edit your
MACRO.
ERROR detected in NUMERIC INPUT #,REPLACED with ZEROS.
A value in an Import file failed a numeric test. The sequence of
the value is displayed. Edit your Import file.
ERROR! UNEVEN NUMBER of values, LAST value REMOVED.
The Import file data failed a count test. Edit your Import file.
Fatal error: Hercules compatible graphics required to run XYSee.
XYSee has not found a compatible graphics capability within
your system. Contact your computer dealer.
Fatal error: IBM-CGA compatible graphics required to run XYSee.
XYSee has not found a compatible graphics capability within
your system. Contact your computer dealer.
File NOT Found...
A MACRO, Import, or Puzzle file was not found when execution
was attempted. This error resets automatically. Re-enter a valid
filename.
File NOT Found...Create File?.(Y/N)
The file you have designated was not found on the disk. If you
entered the filename incorrectly, merely press <N>o and try
again. Press <Y>es if you wish to create the new file.
Incorrect_SEQUENCE! . . . Select another file.
A Tolerance value was not found at the beginning of the Puzzle
file. Edit the Puzzle file, or select another file.
Invalid SETUP file DATA..defaults active.
The file "SETSEE.DTA" is contaminated. Re-copy from the Master
Diskette.
Page II-2
Incorrect SETUP file VERSION..defaults active.
The file "SETSEE.DTA" is from another version of XYSee. A
Hercules/CGA version mix has occurred. Re-copy from the Master
Diskette.
MACRO file COMMAND quantity contaminated. COMMAND/S.
A Command failed a validity test. The first letter of the
commands within the failed group are listed. Edit your MACRO.
MACRO file DELAY quantity contaminated.
The delay variable failed a numeric test. Edit your MACRO.
No line to RESTORE!..Press key.
You have attempted to restore a line without having first
deleted one.
Not a Triangle.
The three positional value pairs representing the vertices of
the triangle were found to be in a line. Move one pair out of
line.
NUMERIC quantity contaminated.
Keyboard input value failed numeric test. Select another key.
Required DATA FILE NOT FOUND..program terminating.
The file "MENUSEE.DTA" was not found. Re-copy from the Master
Diskette.
Save ABORTED . . .
A manual ESCape from saving the "Current Status" was detected.
Select "FROM" line first!..Press key.
You have attempted to copy a line to a new destination without
having first designated which line to copy.
(1) Position the cursor at the line you wish to copy and press
<F5>.
(2) Position the cursor at the new copy position and press <F6>.
Select "START"
There must be a Puzzle activated before attempting to solve for
it's pieces.
SEQUENCING error..MACRO terminating.
XYSee detected inappropriate requests from a MACRO File. Edit
your MACRO.
SETUP file NOT FOUND..defaults active.
The file "SETSEE.DTA" was not found. Re-copy from the Master
Diskette.
Page II-3
SORRY! file was found EMPTY..
A selected file had no values in it. Edit your file or select a
new one.
SORRY!...Incompatible Axis.
An attempt was made to overlay two functions from incompatible
axis groups, such as 1D_Points and Circles. Only overlays within
compatible axis groups are allowed.
SORRY! MACRO cannot CALL ITSELF.
An attempt to execute a new MACRO from an existing active MACRO
was detected. The existing MACRO has been canceled. Edit your
MACRO.
SORRY! . . . No <Functions> of that type are present.
An attempt to solve for a function that was not part of the
currently active puzzle was detected. Analyze the display and
select another function.
SORRY!...NO plot available to overlay.
An attempt was made to restore an overlay before one was saved.
Save an overlay prior to attempting a restoration.
SORRY!... No Statistics available.
A request for statistics was detected while in the CONIC
module. Relevant statistics can be found in the appropriate
module for each conic section.
SORRY!... No Triangle Statistics.
A request for statistics was detected for a plot that did not
meet the structure requirements of a triangle. Move one
positional value pair out of line.
SORRY!, not enough MEMORY to store overlays.
XYSee has detected an insufficient amount of free memory to
allow overlay storage. Add memory to your system if this feature
is desired.
SORRY! . . . Nothing to report, select "START" first.
An attempt to obtain a puzzle solution report without having
solved for a puzzle was detected. Activate a puzzle.
SORRY!... Printer NOT READY..Press key.
XYSee has determined that your printer is not responding.
Possible causes include being out of paper, not being properly
selected ON-LINE, or an equipment failure. Check your printer.
Page II-4
Unexpected END OF DATA..program terminating.
The file "MENUSEE.DTA" is contaminated. Re-copy from the Master
Diskette.
UNKNOWN ERROR detected, REPLACED with ZEROS.
A error of undetermined source was discovered in a Import file.
Edit your Import file.
WARNING! . . . Invalid FUNCTION.
A function not supported by this version of XYSee was detected
in your Puzzle File. Edit the Puzzle File or select another file.
WARNING!...MACRO value contaminated.
A variable value failed a numeric test. Edit your MACRO.
WARNING!..MACRO value EXCEEDS LIMITS.
A numeric value greater than +99 or less than -99 was detected
in a MACRO. Edit your MACRO.
WARNING!..."?" must not be =< "0".
WARNING!..."?" must not be < "0".
WARNING!..."?" must not be = "0".
An attempt was made to set a variable value to less than or
equal to zero.
This can cause several problems such as: illogical negative
lengths, square roots of negative numbers, division by zero, etc.
Select an appropriate value.
WARNING! . . . No current status to save.
A puzzle must be active before a status can be saved.
WARNING! "Save-Status" file exists, Replace? (Y/N)
This warning merely informs you that a previously saved "Status"
file is about to be overwritten.
WARNING!...Single or multiple substitutions required to maintain
ascending "X" sequence...
One or more Spline module "X" values were found to be out of
ascending order. Re-enter your data in the correct sequence or if
a MACRO is active, edit your MACRO file.
WARNING! The syntax check has found an error.
You have attempted to exit a session with a syntax error
remaining in your current edit file. Possible choices are:
(1) Press <ESCape> if you really want to exit with the error.
(2) Press any other key to locate the error.
Page III-1
XYSee Functional Modules
========================
XYSee functional modules are designed to provide a rich
educational environment. Each function has been provided
with as much interactive flexibility as is suitable for its
form. The following individual explanations cover some of the
more important aspects of each module such as the type of
input expected, statistics available, and possible error
messages. In addition, several of the advanced modules are
covered in more detail in other parts of this manual.
================================================================
Functional Module: Import Facility. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: User Defined.
Alternate Formula: User Defined.
Description: Plot values from a disk file.
Discussion: The Import module accepts positional value pairs
from a disk file and plots them on a two dimensional
plane. Up to 100 "X" and corresponding "Y" values
may be input. Following any necessary scaling of
values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the form in the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the Y MAXIMA.
3. Calculate the Y MINIMA.
4. Calculate the FUNCTION MEAN.
5. Calculate the VARIANCE.
6. Calculate the Std. DEVIATION.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed for
the following errors:
1. Incorrect Filename.
2. File found empty.
3. Incorrect numeric format.
4. Uneven number of values.
(X without Y, or Y without X)
5. Error of unknown source.
{A full set of warning messages may be found in the Appendices.}
Page III-2
================================================================
Functional Module: 1D Point. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: X=A+B
Alternate Formula: X-(A+B)=0
Description: Plots a point on the number line.
Discussion: The One Dimensional Point module accepts two
parameter values which define the X axis offset of
the point from the origin. Following any necessary
scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the point in the correct position on the
number line.
2. Calculate the HORIZONTAL OFFSET.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: 2D Point. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=AX+B
Alternate Formula: Y-(AX+B)=0
Description: Plots a point on a two dimensional plane.
Discussion: The Two Dimensional Point module accepts one
positional and two parameter values which are used
to define a position on a two dimensional plane.
Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee
will:
1. Plot the point at the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the HORIZONTAL OFFSET.
3. Calculate the VERTICAL OFFSET.
4. Calculate the DIFFERENCE between the horizontal
and vertical offsets. This value is helpful in
developing a broader understanding of spatial
relationships, i.e. when the X-Y offset is zero,
the point lies on a line equidistant from the X
and Y zero axis', but it's position along the
line is indeterminate.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-3
================================================================
Functional Module: Line. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: AX+BY+C=0
Alternate Formula: Y=(AX+C)/-B
Description: Plots a Line with desired rotation on a two
dimensional plane.
Discussion: The Line module accepts one positional and three
parameter values which define the horizontal and
vertical location of points along a line segment.
The horizontal limits of the line are defined by the
magnitude of the positional value. Following any
necessary scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the line at the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the maximum and minimum vertical
OFFSETS.
3. Calculate the VERTICAL MEAN of the line.
4. Calculate the SLOPE of the line.
5. Calculate the LENGTH of the line.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "B"
variable to zero. This would lead to
division by zero.
================================================================
Functional Module: Triangle. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: User Defined Vertices.
Alternate Formula: User Defined Vertices.
Description: Plots a Triangle within a two dimensional plane.
Discussion: The Triangle module accepts three sets of positional
values defining the three corners of a triangle. If
analysis determines that the points define a
triangle, XYSee will:
1. Plot the triangle at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the LENGTH of all three sides.
3. Calculate the three ANGLES.
4. Calculate the triangle's TOTAL SIDE LENGTH.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning will be displayed if the three
sets of positional values do not define
a triangle. This could be caused by
placing all three vertices in a line.
Page III-4
================================================================
Functional Module: Quadratic Equation. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: AX^2+BX+C=0
Alternate Formula: X=-B(+/-)Sqrt(B^2-4AC)
--------------------
2A
Description: Plot a solution to the Quadratic Equation.
Discussion: The Quadratic Equation module accepts three
parameter values which define the position of the X
axis offset of the roots from the origin. Following
any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the roots at the correct positions on the
number line.
2. Calculate the GREATER ROOT.
3. Calculate the LESSER ROOT.
4. Calculate the ROOT SEPARATION.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
the term B^2-4AC resolves to a value
less than zero. This would equate to an
attempt to take the square root of a
negative number, which is undefined.
================================================================
Functional Module: Circle. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: (X-A)^2 + (Y-B)^2 = R^2
Alternate Formula: X^2+Y^2=R^2 (A=B=0)
Description: Plots a Circle on a two dimensional plane.
Discussion: The circle module accepts three parameter values
which define the position of the center of a circle
on the plane, and it's radius. Following any
necessary scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the circle at the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the circle's DIAMETER.
3. Calculate the circle's CIRCUMFERENCE.
4. Calculate the circle's AREA.
5. Calculate the circle's HORIZONTAL OFFSET.
6. Calculate the circle's VERTICAL OFFSET.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "R"
variable to a negative value. This would
represent a negative radius length which
cannot exist.
Page III-5
================================================================
Functional Module: Parabola. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=AX^2 + DX+F
Alternate Formula: Y=AX^2 (D=F=0)
Description: Plots a Parabola on a two dimensional plane.
Discussion: The parabola module accepts three parameter values
which define the position of the parabola on the
plane. Following any necessary scaling of values,
XYSee will:
1. Plot the parabola at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the HEIGHT of the left rim.
3. Calculate the HEIGHT of the right rim.
4. Calculate the VERTICAL OFFSET.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: Ellipse. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: (X^2/A^2)+(Y^2/B^2)=1
Alternate Formula: X^2+Y^2=1 (A=B=1)
Description: Plot a Vertical or Horizontal Ellipse.
Discussion: The Ellipse module accepts two parameter values
which define the form of an ellipse at the origin.
Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee
will:
1. Plot the ellipse at the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the MAJOR AXIS.
3. Calculate the MINOR AXIS.
4. Calculate the FOCI.
5. Calculate the ASPECT RATIO.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "A"
variable to a value less than or equal
to zero.
A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "B"
variable to a value less than zero.
Both of these errors represent an
invalid length specification.
Page III-6
================================================================
Functional Module: Hyperbola Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: X^2-Y^2=K^2
Alternate Formula: Y=(+/-)Sqrt(K^2+X^2)
Description: Plot a Normal or Inverse Hyperbola.
Discussion: The Hyperbola module accepts a single parameter
value which defines the form of the function on a
two dimensional plane. Following any necessary
scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the hyperbola at the correct position within
the plane.
2. Calculate the TRANSVERSE AXIS.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "K"
variable to a value less than or equal
to zero. This represents an invalid
length specification.
================================================================
Functional Module: Conic. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: None.
Alternate Formula: None.
Description: Display the sectioning of Right Circular Cones.
Discussion: A set of Right Circular Cones is sectioned to obtain
CIRCULAR, ELLIPSOID, PARABOLIC, and HYPERBOLIC cut
lines.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-7
================================================================
Functional Module: Sine. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Sin(BX+C)
Alternate Formula: Sin(X)=Tan(X)*Cos(X)
Description: Plot the Sine periodic function.
Discussion: The Sine module accepts three parameter values which
define the form of the function on a two dimensional
plane. Following any necessary scaling of values,
XYSee will:
1. Plot the Sine curve at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave.
3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT.
4. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
5. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: Cosine. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Cos(BX+C)
Alternate Formula: Cos(X)=Sin(X)/Tan(X)
Description: Plot the Cosine periodic function.
Discussion: The Cosine module accepts three parameter values
which define the form of the function on a two
dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling
of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the Cosine curve at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave.
3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT.
4. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
5. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-8
================================================================
Functional Module: Tangent Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Tan(BX+C)
Alternate Formula: Tan(X)=Sin(X)/Cos(X)
Description: Plot the Tangent periodic function.
Discussion: The Tangent module accepts three parameter values
which define the form of the function on a two
dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling
of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the tangent curve at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave.
3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT.
4. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
5. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: Cosecant Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: Y=A*Csc(X)
Alternate Formula: Csc(X)=1/Sin(X)
Description: Plot the Cosecant periodic function.
Discussion: The Cosecant module accepts a single parameter value
which defines the form of the function on a two
dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling
of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the cosecant curve at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
3. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-9
================================================================
Functional Module: Secant Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: Y=A*Sec(X)
Alternate Formula: Sec(X)=1/Cos(X)
Description: Plot the Secant periodic function.
Discussion: The Secant module accepts a single parameter value
which defines the form of the function on a two
dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling
of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the secant curve at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
3. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: Cotangent Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: Y=A*Cot(X)
Alternate Formula: Cot(X)=Cos(X)/Sin(X)
Description: Plot the Cotangent periodic function.
Discussion: The Cotangent module accepts a single parameter
value which defines the form of the function on a
two dimensional plane. Following any necessary
scaling of values, XYSee will:
1. Plot the cotangent curve at the correct
position within the plane.
2. Calculate the FREQUENCY.
3. Calculate the PERIOD.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-10
================================================================
Functional Module: Parametric #1. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Sin(B*PI*T) (+) X=C*Cos(D*PI*T)
Alternate Formula: None.
Description: Plot a Parametric of Sine and Cosine functions.
Discussion: The first Parametric module accepts four parameter
values which define the forms of three functions.
The first two forms are partials with the third
being a combined display. Parameter value sets are
provided to allow individual manipulation of each
partial. Following any necessary scaling of values,
XYSee will:
1. Plot the parametric at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first
partial.
3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial.
4. Calculate the HORIZONTAL AMPLITUDE of the second
partial.
5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
Page III-11
================================================================
Functional Module: Parametric #2. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Sin((T+PI)/B) (+) X=C*Sin(DT)
Alternate Formula: None
Description: Plot a Parametric of Sine functions.
Discussion: The second Parametric module accepts four parameter
values which define the forms of three functions.
The first two forms are partials with the third
being a combined display. Parameter value sets are
provided to allow individual manipulation of each
partial. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee
will:
1. Plot the parametric at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first
partial.
3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial.
4. Calculate the HORIZONTAL AMPLITUDE of the second
partial.
5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "B"
variable to zero. This would lead to
division by zero which is undefined.
Page III-12
================================================================
Functional Module: Composite #1. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=AX/B (+) Y=-C*Cos(DX)
Alternate Formula: None
Description: Plot the Composite of a line and a Cosine function.
Discussion: The first Composite module accepts four parameter
values which define the forms of three functions.
The first two forms are partials with the third
being a combined display. Parameter value sets are
provided to allow individual manipulation of each
partial. Following any necessary scaling of values,
XYSee will:
1. Plot the composite at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first
partial.
3. Calculate the SLOPE of the first partial.
4. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the second
partial.
5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if
an attempt is made to set the "B"
variable to zero. This would lead to
division by zero which is undefined.
Page III-13
================================================================
Functional Module: Composite #2. Puzzle function: YES.
Main Formula: Y=A*Cos(BX) (+) Y=C*Sin(DX)
Alternate Formula: None
Description: Plot the Composite of Cosine and Sine functions.
Discussion: The second Composite module accepts four parameter
values which define the forms of three functions.
The first two forms are partials with the third
being a combined display. Parameter value sets are
provided to allow individual manipulation of each
partial. Following any necessary scaling of values,
XYSee will:
1. Plot the composite at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first
partial.
3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial.
4. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the second
partial.
5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial.
** Warning! ** Messages: None.
================================================================
Functional Module: Spline. Puzzle function: NO.
Main Formula: User Defined.
Alternate Formula: User Defined.
Description: Plot smoothed-curve solutions to custom functions.
Discussion: The Cubic Spline module accepts six sets of
positional values which define points on a user
derived curve. Once analysis establishes the
validity of the values, a smooth curve is fit to the
points. Following any necessary final scaling, XYSee
will:
1. Plot the form at the correct position
within the plane.
2. Calculate the MAXIMA of the display.
3. Calculate the MINIMA of the display.
4. Calculate the FUNCTION MEAN.
5. Calculate the APPROXIMATE X INTERCEPT.
** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed and
automatic substitutions will occur if
positional value pairs do not represent
an ascending order of "X".
================================================================
Page IV-1 XYSee DEMONSTRATION VALUES
==========================
FUNCTION VALUES EFFECT
----------------------------------------------------------------
GEOMETRIC MENU LEVEL *******************************************
1D POINT 7,-2 STANDARD
0, 0 X=0 AXIS
6, 3 MAXIMUM + OFFSET
-12, 3 MAXIMUM - OFFSET
2D POINT 1, 5, 0 STANDARD
1, 0, 5 X=0 AXIS
0, 5, 0 Y=0 AXIS
1, 10, 0 MAXIMUM + OFFSET
1,-10, 0 MAXIMUM - OFFSET
LINES -2, 3, 1, 4 + SLOPE/- OFFSET
-2, 3, 1,-4 + SLOPE/+ OFFSET
0, 3, 1, 0 0 SLOPE/0 OFFSET
TRIANGLES 3, 3
3,-3
-3,-3 RIGHT TRIANGLE
-4,-3.5
4,-3.5
0, 3.5 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
QUADRATIC MENU LEVEL *******************************************
QUADRATIC EQUATION 1, 6, 0 ROOTS OF -6 AND 0
-1, 6, 0 ROOTS OF 6 AND 0
1, 0, 0 BOTH ROOTS=0
CIRCLES -5, 0, 4 Y=0 AXIS
-5,-5, 4 3rd QUADRANT
0, 0, 5 ORIGIN
PARABOLAS 8,-5, 0 PHASE SHIFT
-7, 0, 0 POLARITY REVERSAL
3, 0, 0 WIDE
7, 0,-30 NEGATIVE OFFSET
ELLIPSES 4, 8 MAJOR AXIS VERTICAL
8, 4 MAJOR AXIS HORIZONTAL
5, 5 TRANSITION INTO CIRCLE
5, 3 FOCI=4.0
HYPERBOLAS 0.5 APPROACHING ASYMPTOTES
5 NORMAL HYPERBOLA
90 TRANSITION INTO LINE
Page IV-2
TRIGONOMETRIC MENU LEVEL ***************************************
SINE 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE
8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE
5, 1, 1 57.3 DEG PHASE SHIFT
COSINE 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE
8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE
5, 1,-1.6 91.7 DEG PHASE SHIFT
TANGENT 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE
8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE
5, 1,-1 -57.3 DEG PHASE SHIFT
COSECANT 4.0 STANDARD WAVE
20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
-8.0 POLARITY INVERSION
SECANTS 4.0 STANDARD WAVE
20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
-8.0 POLARITY INVERSION
COTANGENT 4.0 STANDARD WAVE
20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE
-8.0 POLARITY INVERSION
ADVANCED MENU LEVEL ********************************************
PARAMETRIC #1 6,1.6, 6,1.1 LISSAJOUS
8,2.4, 8,2.4 1:1 RATIO=CIRCLE
8, 2, 8, 4 1:2 FREQUENCY RATIO
4.5, 1, 6, 5 1:5 FREQUENCY RATIO
6, 5, 8, 3 5:3 FREQUENCY RATIO
PARAMETRIC #2 9, 3, 3, 1 120 DEG PHASE SHIFT
-6,1.6, 2, 3 112 DEG PHASE SHIFT
9, 1, 6, 3 LISSAJOUS VARIATION
COMPOSITE #1 -1, 1, 3, 1 SLOPE INVERSION
1, 2, 6, 3 RAMPING COSINE
0, 2, 6, 3 ZERO SLOPE
COMPOSITE #2 5, 2, 4, 3 COMPLEX WAVEFORM
6, 1, 3, 3 COMPLEX WAVEFORM
5, 3, 4, 1 COMPLEX WAVEFORM
Page IV-3
SPLINE EQUATION: Y=8 Sine(X/2) {SINE WAVE}
X= -7.9,-4.7,-1.6,1.6, 4.7,7.9
Y= -8.9, 8.0,-8.0,8.0,-8.0,8.0
EQUATION: Y=X {LINE}
X= -9.0,-6.0,-3.0,0.0, 4.5, 9.0
Y= 9.0, 6.0, 3.0,0.0,-4.5,-9.0
EQUATION: Y=(X/3)^2 {PARABOLA}
X= -9.0,-5.5,-2.0,2.0,5.5,9.0
Y= 9.0, 3.4, 0.4,0.4,3.4,9.0
Page V-1
XYSee MACRO COMMANDS
====================
MANUAL COMMANDS: ESCape Key = ABORT MACRO Sequence.
SPACE Key = PAUSE till next SPACE Key.
AUTO COMMANDS: BEEP = Sound Bell for attention etc.
ENTER = ENTER/RETURN Key emulation.
ESCAPE = ESCape Key emulation.
FORMULA = Display ALTERNATE formula.
MESSAGE = Display a message.
NULL = Non-executing line.
OFF-KEY = Inactivate keyboard until ON-KEY.
ON-KEY = Reactivate keyboard until OFF-KEY.
PLOT = Display ALTERNATE plot font.
PRINT = Activate the printer.
SPACE = SPACE Bar emulation.
STOP = TERMINATE MACRO Sequence.
UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT = ARROW Key emulation.
WAIT = PAUSE till SPACE Key.
SPECIAL COMMANDS: 0-9 = Step DELAY Multiplier.
# = NUMERIC Value follows.
EXAMPLE FILENAME: PLOTPARA.MAA
MACRO FILE SYNTAX: <A><SPACE><B><SPACE><C>
A = 0-9 Step delay multiplier.
B = Command.
C = Optional step comment.
EXAMPLE COMMANDS: 2 RIGHT Move the cursor to the midpoint.
0 #6.5 "X" Value of point location.
5 Null This line just adds a 5 second delay.
1 EnTeR Upper/Lower case okay.
Page V-2
EXAMPLE MACRO: 1 Right Go past GEOMETRIC MENU.
1 Right Continue past the QUADRATIC MENU.
1 Right Select the TRIGONOMETRIC MENU.
0 Enter The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area.
0 OFF-Key Turn keyboard off during testing.
1 Right Select the SINE Function.
0 Enter The SINE Module.
2 #3.6 "A" Amplitude variable value.
2 #2 "B" Period/Frequency variable value.
2 #-0.8 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift.
1 Message Display the question.
What is the FREQUENCY of the wave?
8 Message Display the time out message below.
Time is up, please mark your answer booklet.
2 Escape EXIT out of the SINE Module.
0 Escape EXIT To the MAIN MENU.
0 ON-Key Unlock the keyboard.
1 Beep Get the proctor's attention.
1 Beep One more time.
0 STOP Terminate this MACRO SEQUENCE...
{Lines following STOP}
{may be used} Filename = SINE_2X.MAM MACRO designed to
{for comments} execute from the MAIN MENU LEVEL.
Page VI-1
XYSee PUZZLE SYNTAX
===================
EXAMPLE FILENAME: C_CIRCLE.PZL
PUZZLE FILE SYNTAX: <A><B><SPACE><C>
<D><SPACE><E>
A = '#' Numeric (TOLERANCE or Variable) prefix.
B = Numeric value.
C = Optional step comment.
D = Function NAME.
E = Optional step comment.
EXAMPLE Statements: #0.8 Novice level Tolerance assigned.
Circle First Concentric circle.
#-1.0 Vertical offset of center.
EXAMPLE Puzzle: Plots five forms.
#0.2 Use Advanced-level tolerances. {Filename-EXAMPLE.PZL}
LiNe Plot a line with a negative polarity slope.
#1.3 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier.
#4.0 "X" value-Horizontal extent of the line.
#1.0 "B" value-Slope polarity variable.
#0.0 "C" value-No vertical offset defined.
Circle Plot a Circle offset from the origin.
#-5.0 "X" value-Horizontal offset of the center of the circle.
#0.0 "Y" value-Vertical offset of the center.
#4.0 "R" value-Radius of the circle.
2D-POINT Plot a first quadrant Point.
#1.0 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier.
#5.0 "X" value-Horizontal offset.
#1.0 "B" value-Vertical offset.
PARA#1 Plot a Parametric with the following variable values:
#8.0 "A" value-Vartical magnitude of Partial #1.
#2.0 "B" value-Frequency of Partial #1 set to two Hertz.
#8.0 "C" value-Same vertical magnitude as Partial #1.
#4.0 "D" value-Frequency of Partial #2 is double that of Partial #1.
SINE Plot a Sine Wave with the following variable values:
#9.0 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier.
#1.0 "B" value-Frequency of wave is set to one Hertz.
#0.0 "C" value-There is no phase shift defined.
Page VII-1
MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files
==================================
These files may be found on the XYSee Main Program and
Documentation Disks. If you are using a single disk drive
system, you may want to delete the large XY_DEMO.MAM file to make
room for these files on the Main Program Disk.
XYSee MACRO FILES:
MAIN MENU Level MACRO Files:
ANGLE.MAM IMPRT.MAM
* PRACTICE.MAM * SINE_2X.MAM
SINETEST.MAM * XY_DEMO.MAM
GEOMETRIC MENU Level MACRO Files:
EQUILAT.MAG PARALLEL.MAG
POINT1.MAG POINT2.MAG
QUADRATIC MENU Level MACRO Files:
C_CIRCLE.MAQ CONIC.MAQ
ELLIPSE.MAQ HYPERBOL.MAQ
PARABOLA.MAQ ROOTS.MAQ
TRIGONOMETRIC MENU Level MACRO Files:
COSAMP.MAT COSECPOL.MAT
COTAMP.MAT SECAMP.MAT
SINEPHASE.MAT TANAMP.MAT
ADVANCED MENU Level MACRO Files:
COMP1.MAA COMP2.MAA
PARA1.MAA PARA2.MAA
SPLINE.MAA
XYSee IMPORT FILES:
DISTORT.IMP * NORMAL.IMP
SCATTER.IMP SKEWED.IMP
XYSee PUZZLE FILES:
ADVEX.PZL ADVPZL1.PZL ADVPZL2.PZL
BASPZL1.PZL BASPZL2.PZ BASPZL3.PZL
* EXAMPLE.PZL GEOMEX.PZL INTPZL1.PZL
INTPZL2.PZL * PRACTICE.PZL QUADEX.PZL
TRIGEX.PZL * TWO_D.PZL TWOLINE.PZL
* = Files located on the XYSee Main Program Disk.
Page VIII-1
XYSee INDEX
===========
ADVANCED PROCEDURES (XYSee) 18
Append line..RET 35
Application Command HELP screen #3 42
Backing Up Your Diskettes 2
Backspace/Delete..Backspace 35
BASIC MENU STRUCTURE (Editor) 30
BASIC MENU STRUCTURE (XYSee) 1
Before We Start 3
Beginning the XYSee Editor Tour 31
Bottom of file..F4 35
Bottom of screen..End 34
Caring For Your Diskettes 2
Circle III-4
Composite #1 III-12
Composite #2 III-13
Conic III-6
Cosecant III-8
Cosine III-7
Cotangent III-9
Continue Editing 38
Conventions 3
Copy line from..F5 {Cut} 36
Copy line to..F6 {Paste} 37
Cubic SPLINE Procedures 19
CURSOR Control HELP 33
Cursor down..Down-arrow 34
Cursor left..Left-arrow 34
CURSOR Plot Option 11,14
Cursor right..Right-arrow 34
Cursor up..Up-arrow 34
Delete character..Del 34
Delete line..F8 36
Demonstration Values IV-1
Edit a New File 38
Edit Command HELP screen #1 41
Edit File Specifications 31
Editor Command HELP 33
Editor HELP (XYSee) 31
Editor HELP Screens 41
Ellipse III-5
ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 12,15
ERROR Messages II-1
Example IMPORT File Listing 27
Executing A MACRO Routine 21
Executing An IMPORT Routine 25
Executing the Practice Edit MACRO 40
EXITING Plot Options 12
Exit/Syntax check..ESCape 37
Page VIII-2
Final Words 17
Finishing up 40
First Steps 3
First Waiting Point 9
FUNCTION Examples 28
FUNCTIONAL MODULES III-1
Glossary I-1
Grand Tour 4
HELP..F1 37
Hyperbola III-6
Import Facility III-1
IMPORT Filenames 27
IMPORT Procedures 25
Important Keys 4
Index VIII-1
Insert character..Ins 35
Insert line..F7 36
Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation 16
LANGUAGE SENSITIVE EDITOR (XYSee) 31
Left/Right on line..F2 33
Line III-3
MACRO Commands V-1
MACRO Filenames 24
MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files VII-1
MACRO Procedures 21
Main Edit Screen 31,32
MAIN MENU Screen 6
Main Plot Display 10
Next screen..PgDn 35
NUMERIC Examples 28
Numeric Value Entry 8
One Dimensional Point Math Module 7
OVERLAY Plot Option 11
Parabola III-5
PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures 18
Parametric #1 III-10
Parametric #2 III-11
Plot a Second Point 13
Plot HELP Plot Option 12
PLOT OPTIONS Menu 10
Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO 39
Preparing IMPORT Files 26
Preparing MACRO Files 22
Preparing PUZZLE Files 27
Previous screen..PgUp 35
Print edit file..F9 37
PRINT PLOT Plot Option 12
PRINT PUZZLE Plot Option 15
Printer Support (XYSee) 20
Program Disk (XYSee) 2
Puzzle File Directory 14
Page VIII-3
PUZZLE Filenames 29
PUZZLE HELP Plot Option 15
PUZZLE Procedures 27
PUZZLE REPORT Menu Option 16
PUZZLE Syntax VI-1
Quadratic Equation III-4
Registration (XYSee) 6
Restore line..F10 36
RETRIEVE Plot Option 11
Right 10 spaces..TAB 33
SAMPLE SESSION (XYSee) 2
SAVE PUZZLE Menu Option 17
Saving Changes 38
Secant III-9
Second Puzzle Waiting Point 16
Second Waiting Point 13
Sine III-7
Spline III-13
START PUZZLE Menu Option 14
STATISTICS Plot Option 11
STEP DELAY Value Recommendations 22
STORE Plot Option 11
Syntax HELP screen #2 41
Tangent III-8
TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations 27
Top of file..F3 36
Top of screen..Home 34
Triangle III-3
Using the Para./Comp. Procedures 18
Using The Printer 20
Using the SPLINE Procedures 19
ZOOM SCALE Plot Option 15
1D Point III-2
2D Point III-2
2D POINT Puzzle Selection 14
0 Null 1
1 Right 2 ** Main Menu level MACRO.."Practice.MAM" **
0 Null 3
1 Right 4 This MACRO is designed to be used with the XYSee Editor.
1 Right 5 It's purpose is to provide practice in the use of cursor
0 Enter 6 positioning commands and Syntax checking.
0 Null 7
1 Right 8 During the "Guided Tour" portion of your manual, you will
0 Enter 9 insert lines that will cause the syntax check step to fail.
2 #3.6 10 The "Inserted Lines" will be subsequently removed
2 #2 11 allowing the final syntax check to pass.
0 Null 12
1 #-0.8 13 The following statements will be displayed within XYSee
0 Null 14 if this MACRO is inadvertantly executed.
1 Message 15
This practice MACRO is for use with the Editor only...
5 Message 16 Display the statement
It is not functional within XYSee..Press ESCape.
0 Beep 17 Just a reminder to press ESCape.
5 Null 18 The comment sections of the following statements may be
1 Escape 19 changed as you see fit.
0 Escape 20
1 Beep 21 ** Dummy MACRO Command Section **
1 Right 22
1 Right 23 Select the TRIG MENU.
0 Enter 24 The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area.
1 Right 25 Select the SINE Function.
0 Enter 26 The SINE Module.
2 #3.6 27 "A" Amplitude variable value.
2 #2 28 "B" Period/Frequency variable value.
2 #-0.8 29 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift.
1 Escape 30 EXIT out of the SINE Module.
0 Escape 31 EXIT To the MAIN MENU.
1 Beep 32 Get the proctor's attention.
1 Right 33 Continue past the QUADRATIC MENU.
1 Right 34 Select the TRIG MENU.
0 Enter 35 The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area.
1 Right 36 Select the SINE Function.
0 Enter 37 The SINE Module.
2 #3.6 38 "A" Amplitude variable value.
2 #2 39 "B" Period/Frequency variable value.
2 #-0.8 40 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift.
1 Escape 41
0 Escape 42 ** Termination of "Practice.MAM" **
0 Stop 43
Copyright (C) 1990, Dean M. Thompson. All rights reserved.
Dated:
XYSee TROUBLE REPORT
====================
Although significant care has been expended to insure the
reliability of XYSee, we would like to know if you
experience any problems. Thank-you for your help!
Your name:(Please print)
Company/Organization:
Telephone:(AC & Ext.)
NATURE OF PROBLEM: (Example: Scrambled display, Program halted.)
MODULE BEING RUN: (Example: Enhance option of Sine module.)
ALL INPUT VALUES USED: (Example: A=3, B=2, C=9.0)
LAST FEW KEYPRESSES: (Example: 9.0, <ENTER>.)
DISPLAYED ERROR CODES: (Example: Error F0, PC=6D3F, Traceback 93FD.)
{If display scrambles and program seems to have stopped, place
printer on-line and press <SHIFT> and <Prt Sc> simultaneously for
printout of ERROR codes prior to re-booting system.}
ENVIRONMENT: (Example: Power fluctuation just before error.)
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
Return to: Insight Advantage
4509 YellowLeaf Dr.
Fort Worth, TX 76133
XYSee Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form
Copyright (C) 1990 Dean M. Thompson
All Rights Reserved.
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1508
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
ADVEX PZL 168 8-12-89 6:23a
ADVPZL1 PZL 187 10-12-89 8:50p
ADVPZL2 PZL 123 10-12-89 9:25p
ANGLE MAM 3528 10-11-89 8:32p
BASPZL1 PZL 315 10-11-89 6:58p
BASPZL2 PZL 87 10-12-89 9:14p
BASPZL3 PZL 150 10-12-89 9:41p
COMP1 MAA 467 6-06-87 9:01p
COMP2 MAA 437 6-06-87 8:58p
CONIC MAQ 787 6-08-87 8:47p
COSAMP MAT 1029 6-07-87 2:54p
COSECPOL MAT 911 6-07-87 2:56p
COTAMP MAT 840 6-07-87 3:08p
C_CIRCLE MAQ 955 10-09-89 9:12p
DISTORT IMP 323 6-07-87 12:41p
ELLIPSE MAQ 601 6-07-87 10:08a
EQUILAT MAG 886 8-16-87 4:12p
EXAMPLE PZL 1633 10-15-89 7:06a
FILE1508 TXT 3183 3-21-90 4:21p
FILEDISC DOC 1152 2-18-89 8:01p
GEOMEX PZL 232 8-16-89 10:00p
GO BAT 38 7-14-89 8:01a
GO TXT 463 12-12-89 3:10p
HYPERBOL MAQ 580 6-07-87 10:12a
IMPRT MAM 432 5-16-87 1:00p
INTPZL1 PZL 525 10-11-89 6:35p
INTPZL2 PZL 241 10-11-89 7:08p
NORMAL IMP 417 10-15-89 7:03a
PARA1 MAA 413 9-10-89 7:21a
PARA2 MAA 441 6-06-87 9:06p
PARABOLA MAQ 663 9-09-89 10:42p
PARALLEL MAG 1427 10-09-89 8:44p
POINT1 MAG 1411 6-07-87 9:01a
POINT2 MAG 364 6-07-87 8:32a
PRACTICE MAM 3712 10-08-89 4:43p
PRACTICE PZL 698 10-15-89 7:11a
QUADEX PZL 274 8-10-89 9:48p
REGISTER FRM 1664 2-18-89 4:54p
ROOTS MAQ 6084 6-06-88 8:21p
SCATTER IMP 327 6-07-87 12:29p
SD COM 3584 8-01-85 7:20p
SECAMP MAT 869 6-07-87 3:07p
SINETEST MAM 6026 10-15-89 3:18p
SINE_2X MAM 1010 10-08-89 8:48p
SINPHASE MAT 1002 6-07-87 2:26p
SKEWED IMP 286 6-07-87 12:33p
SPLINE MAA 1110 6-07-87 8:39a
TANAMP MAT 1070 6-07-87 2:55p
TRIGEX PZL 153 8-11-89 8:45p
TWOLINE PZL 295 2-24-88 9:36p
TWO_D PZL 93 10-15-89 7:07a
XYSEE DOC 188288 2-18-89 7:49p
XY_DEMO MAM 17201 2-18-89 3:48p
53 file(s) 259155 bytes
33792 bytes free