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Information about “PXL”
Better than Turbo Pascal v4.0's source lister, PXL lets you
generate a cross-reference listing that tells what lines have certain
reserved and other specified words -- very useful for tracking down
annoying problems.
You can use this program for source files produced with Turbo Pascal
v3.0, but you must use the reserved word file PXLT3.WDS instead of
PXL.WDS. PXL also lets you change the header appearing at the top of
the listing.
There is extensive documentation. If you have special needs, such as a
lister for another dialect of Pascal, the author spells out what you
need to do to make PXL run properly for your Pascal.
File Descriptions:
PXL DOC PXL manual.
PXL EXE PXL program.
PXL PAS Main source file for PXL.
PXL PRN Printer data used by PXL.
PXL WDS PXL's list of words reserved in Turbo Pascal v4.0.
PXLINIT PAS Source code for initialization unit (TP v4.0).
PXLINST EXE Installation program.
PXLINST PAS Source code for installation program.
PXLLIST PAS Source code for listing unit (TP v4.0).
PXLMENU PAS Source code for menu unit (TP v4.0).
PXLT3 WDS PXL's list of words reserved in Turbo Pascal v3.0.
README Text file.
XXL HDR Sample header file; Change name to PXL.HDR to use.
FILE1304.TXT
Disk No: 1304
Program Title: PXL version 1.42
PC-SIG version: 1
Better than Turbo Pascal 4.0's source lister TLIST.EXE, PXL lets you
generate a cross-reference listing that tells what lines have certain
reserved and other specified words--very useful for tracking down
annoying problems.
You can use this program for source files produced with Turbo Pascal
3.0, but you must use the reserved word file PXLT3.WDS instead of
PXL.WDS. PXL also lets you change the header appearing at the top of
the listing.
There is extensive documentation. If you have special needs, such as a
lister for another dialect of Pascal, the author spells out what you
need to do to make PXL run properly for your Pascal.
Usage: Cross-Reference Lister for Turbo Pascal 4.0 Programmers.
Special Requirements: Turbo Pascal 4.0. Can use with Turbo Pascal 3.0
with precautions taken as indicated in description.
How to Start: Type GO (press enter).
Suggested Registration: None.
File Descriptions:
PXL DOC PXL manual.
PXL EXE PXL program.
PXL PAS Main source file for PXL.
PXL PRN Printer data used by PXL.
PXL WDS PXL's list of words reserved in Turbo Pascal 4.0.
PXLINIT PAS Source code for initialization unit (TP 4.0).
PXLINST EXE Installation program.
PXLINST PAS Source code for installation program.
PXLLIST PAS Source code for listing unit (TP 4.0).
PXLMENU PAS Source code for menu unit (TP 4.0).
PXLT3 WDS PXL's list of words reserved in Turbo Pascal 3.0.
README Text file.
XXL HDR Sample header file; Change name to PXL.HDR to use.
PC-SIG
1030D E Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale CA 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1989 PC-SIG, Inc.
GO.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk No 1304 PXL version 1.42 >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ ║
║ To print the documentation, type: ║
║ ║
║ MANUAL (press enter) ║
║ ║
║ To start the program, type: ║
║ ║
║ PXL (press enter) ║
║ ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
PXL.DOC
PXL
Pascal Cross-Reference Lister
Version 1.42
Programmer: R. N. Wisan, April, 1988
37 Clinton Street, Oneonta, NY, 13820
Not Copyright: Enjoy.
Contents
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 The Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Running PXL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1 The Interactive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 The Command Line Mode . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3 The Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4 The Cross-Reference . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.5 Include Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.6 Page Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.6.1 Headers 6
3.6.2 Pagination 9
3.7 Stopping PXL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 Adapting PXL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 For Other Pascals . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 For Other Printers . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3 PXLINST: Editing Print Control Symbols . 11
4.3.1 The Symbols You Need 11
4.3.2 Running PXLINST 12
4.3.3 Wide-Carriage Printers 13
4.4 Eliminating the Data Files . . . . . . . 13
4.5 Screen Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Appendix A: Using PXL in a Network . . . . . . 15
Appendix B: History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 1
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Once upon a time, Borland's Turbo Pascal came with an unad-
vertised source lister called "TLIST." Unfortunately, it had
bugs. This program was written to do some of the things TLIST
was supposed to do and some things it didn't. Here are the main
features:
- It lists a file with headers: by default it puts file name
(with user's ID) and creation date on page 1, file name and
page numbers thereafter. Or, if you prefer, you can make
your own header of up to five lines.
- If desired, it marks the reserved words by underlining
them.
- If desired, it numbers the lines and counts begin-end
pairs.
- It will paginate automatically, but you can insert symbols
in the file to control page breaks.
- It handles lines of up to 255 characters. It can use con-
densed and elite print.
- It will make a cross-reference of the identifiers in the
source file.
- It will include in the listing (and cross-ref) files called
with the {$I filename} directive.
- It can be run from a batch file without stopping for inter-
action. Should anything go wrong, it sets ERRORLEVEL 1.
- It will feed out a blank page before listing, if requested.
- It will run on DOS 2.00 or later. If you need to run it on
an earlier version of DOS, you'll have to use an earlier
version of PXL. (1.12 was the last DOS 1.10 version.)
If you leave the reserved words unmarked, of course, PXL will
list any sort of plain ASCII file.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 2
2 The Files
2 The Files
PXL.DOC is the documentation you are now reading.
PXL.EXE is the working compilation. You run it from DOS.
PXL.WDS contains the list of reserved words PXL uses if you ask
it to mark reserved words in the listing. It must be in the
default directory or somewhere on the DOS path when you run
PXL.[1]
PXL.PRN contains the printer control codes which PXL uses when it
numbers the lines or marks the reserved words. As it comes,
it contains the codes for an Epson FX-80, but it may be
changed by means of PXLINST. It must be in the default
directory or somewhere on the DOS path when you run PXL.[1]
PXLINST.EXE is an installation program to put the proper print
control symbols in PXL.PRN. You don't need it to run PXL.
It's only required if you have to adapt PXL for your printer.
PXL.PAS, PXLINIT.PAS, PXLMENU.PAS and PXLLIST.PAS contain the
source code for PXL.EXE. You might need it if you have to
recompile to change colors or as in note [1].
PXLINST.PAS contains the source code for PXLINST.EXE.
PXL.ID and PXL.HDR are not on your disk. You make them yourself.
PXL.ID can hold a personal ID if you want one in your header:
just type your name in the Turbo Pascal editor, and save it
under "PXL.ID." When PXL finds such a file, it takes up to
24 characters from it for an ID. PXL.HDR can hold your own
default header to replace PXL's standard one. See Section
3.6.1, page 6.
-----------
1. Strictly, PXL can be run without its .WDS and .PRN files.
Without them it can still number the lines and break up long
ones, but it can't mark reserved words or count begin-end
pairs, and it can print only plain pica. If you ask for any-
thing it can't do, it will stop and complain.
__
But, there is a way of tinkering with the source code in
PXL.PAS to get it to run properly without the external data
files. See "Adapting PXL," esp. page 13 below.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 3
3 Running PXL
3 Running PXL
To run PXL, the two files, PXL.WDS and PXL.PRN must be on the
default disk or somewhere on your DOS path. If you want an ID in
the header, you must make a PXL.ID file and keep it on the path
or the default disk, too. There are two ways to run the program:
3.1 The Interactive Mode
3.1 The Interactive Mode
You can simply enter PXL from the DOS prompt. It will ask
what file you want to list. (It adds the extension .PAS unless
you tell it otherwise.) It will search along the path, and, if
it finds the file, it will ask you to confirm the file name.
Then it offers some choices about how you want it printed. You
can ask for three characters (upper and lower case both work):
M
M (Mark) makes it underline the reserved words.
W
W (Wide) makes it use "condensed print" (if your printer is up to
it) to handle wide files without breaking up the lines. (In any
mode, it will break up long lines as necessary and line up the
continuation flush with the beginning of the original.)
L
L (Linenumber) makes it number the lines (and use elite type if
your printer has it, to keep the lines from folding.) Also, if
you use any of the above options, it will keep count of begin-
end pairs and print the number of open Begin (or Repeat or
Case) statements at each line.
P
P (Plain) If you want none of these things, enter a P or just
put blanks instead of the letters. Four blanks make it print
plain. (Or, just hit <ENTER>)
X
X (X-Ref) makes it produce a cross-reference of the identifiers
in your source code.
F
F (Form-Feed) makes it feed out a blank page before listing. To
do this, however, the printer must form-feed on getting the FF
(char 12) symbol. Unless it is told (in PXL.PRN) that the
printer can do this, PXL will neither offer nor accept this
option.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 4
Used this way PXL, is gabby. It checks your choices, explains
your errors, and lets you make corrections.
3.2 The Command Line Mode
3.2 The Command Line Mode
All this is time-consuming. To short-cut, enter the informa-
tion at the DOS prompt. If you enter
PXL filename
PXL will accept the filename, check to see if it exists, and skip
its opening inquiries. For better speed, enter
PXL filename xxxx
(where "xxxx" is any string of characters) it will pick the print
style letters out of the string, show you what you've asked for
and ask for confirmation. If you want a plain vanilla printout
(no line numbers, key words unmarked), put a "P" in the string.
Order doesn't matter, you can use upper or lower case, and addi-
tional stray characters are ignored. Note: "P" will override
anything else (except "X"). Thus, if you enter
PXL XYZ whelp
It will supply the suffix, ".PAS", notice the "p" and ignore the
other letters. You'll get file XYZ.PAS, printed plain vanilla.
PXL xyz.pas MeltWax
would get you file XYZ.PAS, with the works: condensed print (W),
key words underlined (M), line numbers and begin-end counts (L),
and a cross-reference (X).
PXL XYZ.DOC L
would print file XYZ.DOC with the lines numbered.
When you enter the data at the command line this way, PXL
will look for your file. If the file is found, you get one
screen asking you to confirm the file name and the print mode
choices. If you say, "Yes," it goes into its act. If you say,
"No" (or if it can't find your file), it reverts to the inter-
active mode, and you can correct your instructions.
However you start it going, PXL keeps you informed about what
it's doing. (Sending lines to printer, Scanning without print-
ing, Sending X-ref lines to printer, etc.) It gives you a run-
ning line-count --to show that something's happening-- and at the
end of an X-ref printout, you get some statistics about your
file.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 5
3.3 The Batch Mode
3.3 The Batch Mode
If you want to run PXL from a batch file, put a line in your
file just as you'd enter it in the Command Line Mode, but put the
BAT
letters, BAT (upper or lower case) in the instructions. In that
case, PXL will not stop for interaction no matter what. If all
is well, it will print out as instructed. If there is any hitch,
file to print can't be found, .PRN or .WDS file not on the path,
<Esc>
or if somebody presses <Esc> during operation, it will set the
ERRORLEVEL at 1. Your batch file can take account of that in
deciding what to do next. Here's a sample, which will take the
file name from the command line, execute PXL, printing the file
with key words marked and lines numbered, and print "ALL WELL" if
it's printed the whole file or "ENDED BADLY" if anything went
wrong:
echo off
pxl %1 ml bat
if errorlevel 1 goto Abort
echo ALL WELL
goto end
:Abort
echo ENDED BADLY
:end
3.4 The Cross-Reference
3.4 The Cross-Reference
The cross-reference cites all the identifiers in your program
with the line numbers in which they occur. They are printed with
the upper/lower case combination of their first occurrence. At
the end of the identifier listing, you get a list of all the pro-
cedures and functions declared in the listing.
I should mention two limitations of the cross-reference:
1. As far as PXL can tell, an identifier is a given combina-
tion of symbols. If you declare a variable like I: integer
in several different procedures, they'll be lumped together
in the X-ref listing. If you care about having an accurate
list of the declared procedures, be careful not to use a
procedure name as a local variable earlier in the program.
2. Standard Pascal allows only numbers to be used as labels.
Turbo Pascal allows any legal identifier (which must start
with a letter) as well. PXL ignores numbers, so it can't
pick up labels like 99. If you want your labels listed,
start them with a letter.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 6
3.5 Include Files
3.5 Include Files
Files called with the {$I filename} Include directive, will
be included in the listing and cross-reference, provided:
1. The {$I filename} directive begins in the first column of
the code (if the directive starts anywhere else, PXL will
simply ignore it), and
2. PXL can find it. If the filename specifies a path, say
{$I B:PXL2.INC}, it will look for the file first in the
place specified and then search along the path. Whether it
finds the file or not, it will print a message on the
screen and in the printout showing what's happened.
This give you two ways to control inclusion of files in your
listing.
Note: As it does with the main file, PXL will add the suffix
"PAS" to the name of include files if none is given. To in-
struct it otherwise, put a period at the end of the filename.
3.6 Page Format
3.6 Page Format
Unless otherwise instructed, PXL will make a one-line header
of its own devising and paginate automatically every 62 lines
(including the header). But, you can instruct it otherwise.
3.6.1 Headers
3.6.1 Headers
The standard default header occupies one line. On the left
it puts the file name and the user's ID (if it can find a PXL.ID
file). On the right of page 1 it puts the file date; subsequent
pages get the page number instead.
If you prefer a different default header, you can write your
own. Keep it in a file called PXL.HDR anywhere on the path, and
PXL will use it for its default header. You can still alter the
header by putting instructions in your text.[2] Here are the
rules for header instructions, whether in the text or in PXL.HDR:
-----------
2. There's a heavily commented header file on the disk, under the
name XXL.HDR. To see what it does, change its name to PXL.HDR
and run PXL.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 7
A PXL header can have up to five lines.[3] You can change it at
any point in the file. Each header line has three segments which
must be separately specified. Each segment specifier has five
parts:
1. { (opening brace)
2. One of the following symbols:
.HN = no header at all
.HnL = left side of Header line #n
.HnC = center of Header line #n
.HnR = right side of Header line #n
.HnN = no Header line number n
.HPLnn = print nn pages per line (not really a header in-
struction at all, but it can be used in PXL.HDR.
See under "Pagination" in p. 9, below.
"n" of course, stands for a numeral. The other symbols must
be upper case exactly as shown.
3. a space. (That's ONE space. Spaces after the first one
become part of the text of the header segment.)
4. the text of the header segment. Within the text, you can use
the following symbols:
.Fn = file name
.Fd = file date (in long form)
.Ft = file time (12-hr am/pm)
.Pd = present (or printout) date (mm/dd/yy)
.Pt = present (or printout) time (24 hr)
.Id = user ID (from PXL.ID)
# = page number (no period)
These symbols are case-sensitive. They must be upper/lower
case exactly as shown.
5. } (closing brace)
Some remarks:
+ Header instructions can appear anywhere in a line, but each
one must begin and end on the same line.
+ To empty a segment (that's previously been filled), put the
closing brace right after the symbol and space: {.H2R} means
empty right segment for 2nd header line. In general, to emp-
ty header lines:
-----------
3. This limit is controlled by constant MaxHeader, at the top of
PXLLIST.PAS.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 8
___
{.HN} empties all the header lines (i.e., no header).
{.H2N} empties the second (#2) header line.
{.H2L} empties left segment of the second header line.
+ PXL normally puts one blank line above and one blank line
below the header. To force extra blanks lines below the
header, make a blank (not empty) header segment. {.H5L }
would do it --note the extra spaces between L and }. The
first space is eaten, the others become the left segment of
header line 5.
+ Normally, header instructions take effect on the next page
after the instructions. To specify the opening header, you
___
have to put all the instructions for it at the top of your
file. You can use several consecutive lines to do it, but
there must be no blank lines between or before them. At the
top of the file, you could (almost) specify the standard
default header thus:
{.H1L File: .Fn [.Id]}
{.H1R .Ft, .Fd}
Then, there or anywhere in the first page's worth of text:
{.H1R Page #}
___
+ Note: in PXL 1.41, specifying any header segments at all
anywhere in the text canceled the default header. This has
been changed. Beginning with PXL 1.42, new header specs
change only the segments specified. Thus:
- To cancel the default header for a particular file, you
must use {.HN}. Put that in the first line of the file
to head off the default before it gets onto the page.
- If you don't want a default header at all --not ever,
create a PXL.HDR file that contains no header instruc-
tions. A zero-byte file will do. So long as that's on
the path, PXL will make no headers on its own. You can
still insert header specs in the body of your file.
+ You can differentiate between headers for the first page and
for subsequent pages. Within PXL.HDR (and at the top of the
text), the first specification for a given segment defines
what's to go on the first page. A subsequent spec for that
segment will be used for other pages. Thereafter, specifica-
tions simply supersede each other.
+ If you need several default headers for different sorts of
file, you could manage it by controlling the DOS PATH.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 9
3.6.2 Pagination
3.6.2 Pagination
To control page breaks, put the following symbols in the
file:
{.PA}
{.PA} produces an absolute page advance. The line on which the
symbol appears will be the first line of the new page.
{.CPnn}
{.CPnn} (where nn is a number) makes a conditional page break.
If there isn't room for nn lines, it will start a new page at
that point. Look at the PXL source code. It's peppered with
these to keep the procedures whole.
Caution: This command specifies physical lines on the page.
If you write lines long enough to fold, PXL will not make
allowance for it and may run out of space on the page and
split your block across the page break. If you write such
lines, be sure to allow for it in specifying the nn.
{.HPLnn} (where nn is a number) specifies the number of lines PXL
is to print on the page (including the header). The default
is 62 lines on a 66 line page. This command will override
the standard 4-line bottom margin.[4]
Here, too, a caution: This specifies the number of lines to
print, not the size of the paper. Make sure you don't over-
run the paper by putting too large a number in HPL. Specify
actual paper size (in lines) in "Page Control", using PXLINST
(see p. 11).
Even though it's not a header specification, an HPL instruc-
tion can be placed in PXL.HDR.
3.7 Stopping PXL
3.7 Stopping PXL
You can stop PXL at any point by pressing the <Esc> key. You
may have to wait while it finishes the line it's working on and
folds up the files, but don't panic. It will stop.
-----------
4. The default is controlled by variable BottomMargin, set in
procedure SetUp in PXL.PAS
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 10
4 Adapting PXL
4 Adapting PXL
As it comes, PXL is designed to print source files from Turbo
Pascal 4.0 on an Epson FX-80 from an IBM PC. If that's what you
want to do, you can use PXL.EXE as it is. It can be adapted,
however.
- For other printers, it can be adapted by changing the
print control symbols in PXL.PRN. See the instructions for
other printers, below, for doing this.
- Other Pascals (including earlier versions of Turbo Pascal
can also be accommodated by changing the reserved word list
in PXL.WDS (see below).
4.1 For Other Pascals
4.1 For Other Pascals
The only Pascal I'm familiar with is Borland's Turbo Pascal.
If your source code is in plain ASCII text files, the only diffi-
culty about other Pascals ought to be the list of reserved words.
(PXL would print the file, but it would mark only words reserved
in Turbo Pascal 4).
The list of reserved words is in the file PXL.WDS, so all you
need to do is rewrite the PXL.WDS file to contain your Pascal's
reserved words. Any text editor (like the Turbo Pascal editor)
which makes plain ASCII files will do. Put one word on each line
(without any extra blanks). Order doesn't matter. Upper/lower
case doesn't matter. PXL can handle up to 100 reserved words
(there are 43 in Turbo Pascal 1.00, 44 in 2.00 and 3.00 and 48 in
4.00) and the words may be up to 10 characters long. If you need
more than that, you'll have to rewrite the source code. The only
things you'd have to change are in procedure SetUp at the begin-
ning of the implementation of PXL.PAS. They are identified with
comments.
4.2 For Other Printers
4.2 For Other Printers
The Epson MX and IBM printers, resemble the FX-80, but with
the standard PXL.PRN data, the line numbering mode may come out
odd. Unless you use the W (condensed print) option, line number-
ing expects an elite font, which these printers lack. If you
write lines long enough to fold, you should use PXLINST to change
the print control symbols in PXL.PRN.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 11
For other printers, consult your printer manual to see what
you need. Again, use PXLINST to install the proper data.
4.3 PXLINST: Editing Print Control Symbols
4.3 PXLINST: Editing Print Control Symbols
To change the print control symbols, you must first work out
what symbols you'll need. Then, with PXL.PRN on the default
drive, run PXLINST.
4.3.1 The Symbols You Need
4.3.1 The Symbols You Need
PXL assumes that your printer can be made to underline and to
compress its type to 12-character-per-inch "elite" and 17-charac-
ter-per-inch "condensed" by sending it control codes of 1 to 3
characters. These characters must be in PXL.PRN, on the default
drive when you run PXL. Seven print control strings are re-
quired, start and stop for three type styles plus page control
instructions:
____________
Underlining. If you prefer to mark your reserved words in some
other way (boldface? italics?), put here whatever your
printer needs for it.
_____
Elite (12 characters per inch) type. Normally, when PXL uses the
symbols you put here, it assumes it will get 96 characters
per line. Normally, it uses this font only when numbering
the lines.
If your printer hasn't got an "elite" font (e.g., the IBM
printer), you have a choice. If you put the symbols for
"condensed" in both places, it will always use "condensed"
for line numbering (it will adjust the line lengths prop-
erly). What I recommend is to put nothing in PXL.PRN for
"elite." Then, PXL's "L" command will number the lines in
plain pica, and "WL" (wide, line-numbering) will number them
using "condensed."
_________
Condensed (17 characters per inch) typeface. This is the font
invoked by the "W" (for "wide") symbol. If your printer
hasn't got a "Condensed" font, put nothing here. In that
case, if you have something for "Elite," PXL will use elite
for both elite and condensed, lines cut to fit 96 characters
per line. If you put nothing for "Elite" and nothing for
"Condensed," everything will come out in pica at 80 charac-
ters per line.
____________
Page Control. Here, it needs to be told whether your printer
will feed out a new page when sent a Char #12 ("FF") and, if
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 12
not, how many lines it puts on a page. If you give it a 12
for "Page control," it will use Char #12 to form-feed. If
you give it any other number, it will take that for the num-
ber of lines the printer gets to a page.
Look up the print control symbols in your printer manual.
Work out the ASCII numbers for them. PXLINST requires the num-
bers; it can't accept characters. Thus, to enter "Escape G", you
would use the numbers, 27, 71. 27 is the ASCII number for "Es-
cape", and 71 is the number for "G". When you know what numbers
you're going to need, put PXL.PRN on the default drive, and run
PXLINST.
4.3.2 Running PXLINST
4.3.2 Running PXLINST
Since it's an .EXE file, PXLINST, like PXL runs straight from
DOS. When you run it, PXLINST gives you a screen showing the
seven different instructions. If it finds PXL.PRN somewhere on
your DOS path, it will show you what is currently in the file for
each instruction and the "Present Data" you've set for them. It
gives pretty good operating instructions.
- Move the cursor to the line you want to change.
NUMBERS
- Enter the proper sequence of numbers (NUMBERS, not charac-
ters), separating them with commas. Press <Enter>, and it
will move on to the next instructions. You can use up to
three ASCII numbers per instruction.
- If you want nothing for a given instruction, press <Enter>
alone.[5]
- Make sure the "Present Data" display indicates what you
wanted.
- When the "Present Data" is what you want, press <Esc> to
end the program. It will then ask whether you want the
file rewritten with your new data. Up to this point,
PXLINST hasn't actually changed the file. If you've made a
mess, you can say "No."
If you happen to run PXLINST without PXL.PRN somewhere on the
path, no matter. It won't have any file data to show you, and it
will start you out with "Present Data" of "[nothing]," but you
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5. If your printer has none of these print options, enter nothing
for everything but "Page Control." PXL will then print plain
vanilla, but it will break the lines appropriately, number
them, give you begin/end counts, and make cross-references.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 13
can enter the numbers you want, and PXLINST will create a new
PXL.PRN file on the default disk.
4.3.3 Wide-Carriage Printers
4.3.3 Wide-Carriage Printers
PXL is designed to run on a narrow-carriage printer, using
8.5 inch wide paper. If you have a wide printer which puts 133
pica characters on a line, you can make use of the full width by
giving PXL deceitful printer data. The trick turns on the fact
that "condensed" print on a narrow printer is designed to print
133 columns per line to handle printouts meant for a wide
printer. So, when PXL thinks it's using "condensed" print, it
makes wide lines.
Run PXLINST, and, where it calls for "condensed" instruction
symbols, put the instructions for plain pica. Give "pica start"
instructions for both "condensed start" and "condensed stop".
The W (wide) option, will now print wide lines in pica.
The L (line numbering) option (without a W) will still use
elite and break lines at 84 columns of program text. If entering
LW bores you and you want the L option in full width, give pica
instructions for both "elite" and "condensed." PXL will now
think it has "condensed" for both of these and adjust its width
accordingly.
4.4 Eliminating the Data Files
4.4 Eliminating the Data Files
PXL can be made to run without the .PRN and .WDS data files
by a simple alteration in PXL.PAS. The program already contains
the necessary code for loading the print instructions and re-
served word list internally.
All that's required is to set the value of DataFiles to False
instead of True. (You do this in procedure SetUp in PXL.PAS.
The comments there will show you what's what.) Of course, that
will commit you to the TP4/Epson data that's in the code. If you
____
want to change that, you must go deeper
- Procedure LoadReserv in PXLMENU.PAS contains a list of key
words in Turbo Pascal 4.00
- Procedure GetPrinterData in PXLINIT.PAS has the print con-
trol symbols. Be careful to preserve the data form. (Es-
sentially, it's the form of a Turbo Pascal string[3].)
Each instruction takes four bytes. The first (subscript 0)
contains the number of following bytes which are signif-
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 14
icant in the instruction. Set unused bytes to $FF. This
is exactly how the data would come in from PXL.PRN.
I suggest you begin by using PXL with the external files,
because it's easier to experiment on printer data with
PXLINST than by changing and re-compiling PXL. When you
know what numbers you need, you can make the necessary
changes to GetPrinterData in PXLINIT.PAS, set DataFiles to
false in PXL.PAS, and re-compile.
If you set out to make this adaptation, it would be wise to make
a copy of PXL first and experiment on the copy.
4.5 Screen Colors
4.5 Screen Colors
On a monochrome text monitor, PXL always runs in black and
white. On other monitors it normally uses color, and three vari-
ables: NormalColor, FrameColor, and Background control the
colors. FrameColor is used only for the ornamental rectangle.
Everything else is in NormalColor. To set the colors to your
liking, change the values in procedure SetUp in PXL.PAS.
I hope you enjoy PXL and find it useful. If you find bugs in
it or make any improvements, do, please, send me word.
Programmer: R. N. Wisan, April, 1988
37 Clinton Street, Oneonta, NY, 13820
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 15
Appendix A: Using PXL in a Network
Appendix A: Using PXL in a Network
The batch mode (BAT) and form-feed (F) options were added in
order to make PXL usable conveniently on a printer-sharing net-
work. To illustrate this use of PXL, this appendix describes the
use made of it with elementary classes in the PC Lab at Hartwick
College in Oneonta, NY. The network was the University of
Waterloo's JANET.
In this system, all utilities were kept on a virtual disk in
"Drive A." Students kept their own programs on a real disk drive
labelled D: by the network, and they kept a PXL.ID user ID file
on their disks. They were taught to send printer output from
their programs to a file, D:OUT.PUT. To allow these beginning
students to get their printouts with a minimum of confusion and a
minimum of instruction, PXL was run from a batch file. To get
printouts, they merely entered:
A:NEWPRINT programfilename
Here is an annotated copy of NEWPRINT.BAT:
ECHO OFF
A:PXL D:%1 MLXF BAT REM List program marked, numbered, xref, and FF
REM (to avoid the network's printout header)
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO ABORT REM Check that program listing went well
A:PXL D:OUT.PUT BAT REM List output file plain w/o FF
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO ABORT REM Check that this went well
A:PRINTIT REM All went well, so send to printer,
REM and report success:
ECHO D:%1 and OUT.PUT sent to printer
GOTO END
:ABORT REM If all did not go well,
A:PURGE * REM Abort printing,
REM and report failure:
ECHO Error in listing. Printout has been aborted.
:END
Note: PRINTIT is the network's print command. PURGE * cancels
everything sent to the print spool from this work station.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 16
Appendix B: History
Appendix B: History
In olden times, Turbo Pascal version 1.0 came with a source
lister called TLIST. Unfortunately, it was buggy. Borland ex-
plained that TLIST was an unadvertised freebie and wouldn't work
on all printers.[6] Mainly as an exercise, I wrote ELIST to do
on my Epson (FX-80) some of the things TLIST was supposed to do.
Some versions of it were circulated in July, 1984.
In August of 1984, ELIST was revised to allow use of other
printers and other Pascals by putting printer control symbols and
reserved words in separate data files. An awkward installation
program was supplied to edit the printer data. In honor of that,
I renamed it "NELIST" (pronounce "N" and "E" separately). Early
versions worked only in the interactive mode. Later versions
added a command line mode to skip (most of) the interactive gab.
NELIST Version 2.0, April, 1985, was improved:
1. Handles wide files (up to 255 characters):
- Breaks long lines neatly to prevent folding.
- Condensed print ("W") option added for wide files.
2. File header contains file's creation date instead of
printout date.
3. Include files {$I filename} incorporated in the listing.
4. Interactive messages streamlined a little, especially for
the command line mode.
PXL Version 1.00, June, 1985:
In the spring of 1985, when our Computer Science program (at
Hartwick College) was overhauled, Turbo Pascal 3 was adopted as
the beginning language, to be run on an IBM PC equipped network.
For that installation, NELIST 2 seemed a useful accessory, but a
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_________
6. According to TUG Lines Vol. I, No. 3, p. 1, Borland will prob-
ably never fix the bugs in TLIST. Apparently, it was written
as an in-house utility, and providing it to the customers "was
entirely an afterthought. One day the source code for TLIST
was accidentally deleted..."
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 17
cross-reference function was desired. PXL is the result. It is
built on the old NELIST foundation, with the following changes:
1. The cross-reference (X) feature is, of course, the most
important addition.
2. The options have been simplified. The user now gets no
choice about the manner of marking reserved words. If you
want to boldface instead of underlining them, you must
change PXL.PRN.
3. Changing PXL.PRN is now much easier. Installation program
(now called PXLINST) rebuilt with full-screen data entry.
4. The ability to run without external .PRN and .WDS files has
been built into the program. If constant DataFiles is set
to False, PXL will use built-in data.
5. While the program is running, a line count is displayed.
The point of this is to assure user that the computer has
not died. At the end of an X-ref listing, various statis-
tics about the program are given.
PXL Version 1.10, July, 1985:
Better documentation in PXL2.INC, smoother interactive mode,
and:
1. PXL now understands hex numbers.
2. Programs containing exactly one procedure or function will
now cross-ref properly.
3. For the sake of consistency, the former PXLID.DAT (the per-
sonal ID file) has been renamed, PXL.ID.
4. You can now STOP the program at any point by pressing the
<Esc> key. (Control-Break doesn't work.)
5. PXL will now handle file names which have no extension.
PXL Version 1.11, October, 1985
1. The main addition is the ability to run from batch files.
In the batch mode it avoids interactive pauses and sets
ERRORLEVEL 1 if anything goes wrong.
2. File name entered without a drive letter will be shown with
the default drive letter.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 18
3. Better control over include files. Like TLIST, PXL will
incorporate include files only if the {$I filename} command
begins in the first column.
4. Manual includes better treatment of the problems of adap-
ting PXL to other machines and operating systems.
PXL Version 1.12, February, 1986
1. F (Form-Feed) option added to allow operation under a
network which puts its own header on printouts. The F
option clears the network's header off the page.
2. PXL 1.11 could not safely be used in the batch mode under
DOS 1.10 because any hitch would hang the machine. Proce-
dure SetErrorLevel now checks for DOS version, so batch
mode is now safe under any DOS version.
PXL Version 1.20, June, 1986
PXL now searches along the whole DOS path both for the file
it's to process and for its own auxiliary files. This requires
the newer DOS 2 file handling procedures, and the problem of DOS
compatibility is evaded by abandoning DOS 1.10 entirely.
PXL Version 1.21, September, 1986
PXL is now savvy about screen colors. Constants added to set
colors to taste. Further, PXL is polite: on exit, it returns the
screen to the color it found there.
PXL Version 1.22, November 15, 1986
Small bug about Xref printout corrected. Background added to
screen color constants.
PXL Version 1.23, November 22, 1986
Bug corrected: PXL no longer hangs the machine on (a) no
path, (b) a path which contains no semi-colon, or (c) a blank
command-line entry.
PXL Version 1.4X January, 1988
The X means "experimental." Rewritten in and for Turbo
Pascal 4.00. Provision made for Turbo 4's 8 layers of include
files. Asterisks at right of page indicate depth of inclusion.
PXL 1.42 Pascal X-Ref Lister Page 19
Instead of constants to switch colors & such, you must jigger
procedure SetUp in PXL.PAS.
PXL Version 1.41 February, 1988
Some cleansy-upsy in source code. The menu is still a hor-
rible hack, but less horrible. Generally, a less hasty response
to TP4 than 1.4X was.
New feature: User can override the default header and specify
a header of up to five lines.
PXL Version 1.42 April, 1988
Improvement in header specification. Version 1.41's in-text
specification methods are still available, but now you can write
_______
you own default header to replace PXL's by keeping what you want
in PXL.HDR, anywhere on the path.
One difference: in 1.41, any header specification in the text
would cancel the entire default header. Now, header instructions
in the text replace only the segments specified. To wipe out the
default header, you must do so explicitly.
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1304
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
FILE1304 TXT 1736 2-23-89 1:31p
GO BAT 38 10-19-87 3:56p
GO TXT 1002 2-21-89 11:09a
MANUAL BAT 147 12-15-88 12:39p
PXL DOC 46254 5-05-88 1:52p
PXL EXE 48224 5-04-88 11:02p
PXL PAS 2964 5-04-88 11:02p
PXL PRN 28 6-09-85 9:08p
PXL WDS 326 1-08-88 10:41p
PXLINIT PAS 39406 5-04-88 10:49p
PXLINST EXE 15856 5-03-88 10:33a
PXLINST PAS 21276 5-03-88 10:33a
PXLLIST PAS 49200 5-04-88 10:36p
PXLMENU PAS 18755 5-04-88 10:57p
PXLT3 WDS 285 7-17-84 10:50p
README 1201 5-05-88 4:47p
XXL HDR 2383 5-06-88 8:05p
17 file(s) 249081 bytes
62464 bytes free