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Information about “3X5 CARD STARTER KIT 2 OF 2 (ALSO 253)”
This program is an information handling system that allows your computer
to act like a very efficient 3x5 card system, thus it's name. This
program would be great for keeping track of small pieces of information
such as a patient listing or small library card catalog.
The 3by5 Starter Kit offers you the following features:
~ Fields - up to 10 variable length fields.
~ Sort records by one field.
~ Improved indexing for records greater that 512 bytes.
~ Multiple print formats for mailing labels, 3by5 cards etc.
~ Start-up Files that will automatically open your files and set printer
parameters, etc.
~ Directory commands Change, Make, Remove and List directories.
~ List files on a disk from within the program along with the date and
time last modified, and file size.
~ Report generator. Print records in a user defined format.
~ Reference Manager. Enter journal, book and chapter references in a
standard format and the 3by5 Reference Manager will rearrange them
into the style required by any journal.
~ Correspondence Manager. Handles all your correspondence needs:
writing letters, mail merge, correspondence follow-up.
~ Field definitions. Specify Free-text, Line, Numeric, Date, Time, Mask
and Person fields.
~ Macros. Insert predefined text or issue commands sequences with a
single key stoke. Limit of ten user defined macros.
~ Manual on Disk.
~ Technical support by the author by mail only.
Special Requirements: None.
How to Start: Type GO (press enter).
Suggested Registration: $69.95
File Descriptions:
3BY5 EXE Main program.
3BY5HELP 3X5 Data file.
ADDRESS 3X5 Data file.
ADDRESS MAP Data file.
CONFIG SYS Configuration file used by DOS
FORMLET PFM Data file.
FORMS IFM Data file.
FORMS PFM Data file.
INTRO 3X5 Data file.
JOHN PRG Data file.
LETTERS LET Data file.
MACRO IAC Data file.
MACRO MAC Data file.
NOFIELDS 3X5 Data file.
NOFIELDS MAP Data file.
PROGRAMS 3X5 Data file.
PROGRAMS MAP Data file.
README Brief direction on how to print documentation
REF IEF Data file.
REF REF Data file.
REFSTYLE IFS Data file.
REFSTYLE RFS Data file.
CHAP01.DOC
3by5 Programs
Version 5.0
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Written for the
IBM PC and PS/2 Series
(c) Copyright 1988
Softshell Corporation
1254 Thornbury Road, West Chester, PA 19380
Phone (215) 793-1431
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Overview of 3by5 for the PC 1
3by5 Models 3
Version 5.0 Update 5
CHAPTER 2. GETTING STARTED 9
Notations Used in the Manual 9
Equipment Needed to Run 3by5 9
Note to Color Monitor Owners 9
Files on the 3by5 diskette 10
Installing 3by5 11
DOS Environment Command 14
Introduction File 15
CHAPTER 3. SCREENS, MENUS AND HELP
Screen Sections 17
Menus 18
Help 19
CHAPTER 4. EDITING
EDIT COMMAND 21
3by5 EDITOR 22
TEMPORARY TEXT BUFFER 23
ENTERING TEXT 24
MOVING THE CURSOR 25
FONTS 26
Bold <F6> 26
Underline <F8> 27
EDIT COMMANDS 28
Search Command <F2> 28
Block Command <Alt-F4> 29
Insert Command <Ctrl-F4> 31
Retrieve Command <Shift-F10> 31
Print Command <Shift-F7> 31
Other Command 32
Sheet Command <Shift-F8> 32
Count Command <Ctrl-F1> 36
Field Command <F9> 36
Load Command 36
Date Command 36
Hold Command 37
Quit Command 38
CHAPTER 5. SEARCHING 41
SEARCH COMMAND 41
SEARCH KEY COMMANDS 43
SEARCH OPTIONS 44
Display Format 44
Output File 44
Auto Mode 45
Mark 45
SEARCH KEY OPERATORS 46
SEARCH KEYS 47
Single Search Keys 47
Multiple Search Keys 47
Multiple Fields 48
Numerical Comparison 51
Alphabetic Comparison 52
NULL Field Search 53
FILLED Field Search 54
Extended Characters 55
INTERACTIVE SEARCH COMMANDS 56
Forward Search Command 57
Backward Search Command 57
Goto Command 58
Edit Command 58
Print Command 59
Write Command 59
Load Command 60
Mark Command 60
Copy Command 61
Other Command 62
Key Command 62
Auto Command 62
Unmark Command 63
Quit Command 63
SEARCH END COMMANDS 64
UPDATE COMMAND 65
CHAPTER 6. PRINTING 71
PRINT COMMAND 72
FORM COMMAND 74
PRINT FORM CODES 94
SHEET COMMAND 96
DIRECT COMMAND 98
CODES COMMAND 99
HARDWARE COMMAND 101
TOP COMMAND 102
CHAPTER 7. FILE COMMANDS 105
FILE TYPES 108
OPEN COMMAND 109
Building a 3by5 File 110
Field Types 113
Record Size 116
Index Density 118
Opening a non-3by5 File 119
Numbered Reference Files 122
Building a non-3by5 File 123
CLOSE COMMAND 125
RECORDS COMMAND 126
Copying Records 127
Sorting Records while Copying 127
Moving Records 129
Erasing Records 130
LIST COMMAND 131
DIRECTORY COMMAND 134
MAINTENANCE COMMAND 136
Index Command 136
Pack Command 137
FIELDS COMMAND 138
Filter Command 138
Redefine 140
STATUS COMMAND 141
VARIABLE LENGTH RECORDS 143
CHAPTER 8. WINDOWS 145
CHAPTER 9. UTILITIES 147
SCREEN COMMAND 147
LOAD COMMAND 150
RUN COMMAND 151
DOS COMMAND 152
CHAPTER 10. QUIT COMMAND 153
CHAPTER 11. PROGRAM FILES 155
CHAPTER 12. MACROS, LEARN COMMAND AND
EXTENDED CHARACTER SET 165
CHAPTER 13. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS 175
CHAPTER 14. REFERENCE MANAGER 181
APPENDIX: LESSONS 205
INDEX
WARRANTY
3by5 SK VERSION 5.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT REQUEST
This form can be used to obtain technical support from
Softshell by mail. Telephone support is not available
for the Starter Kit.
Name: _________________________________________
Company:_________________________________________
Street: _________________________________________
City: _________________________________________
State: __________________________ ZIP ______
Telephone: ______________________________________
Equipment:
[ ] IBM PC [ ] IBM XT [ ] IBM AT
[ ] IBM PS/2 [ ] COMPAQ [ ] AT&T 6300
[ ] OTHER (please specify manufacturer):
Ram memory:
Hard disk? (Y/N):
Monitor (Monochrome, Color):
Monitor adapter board:
Printer:
PROBLEM: (Use other side if your need more room)
Mail to: SOFTSHELL
1254 Thornbury Road
West Chester, PA 19382
(215) 793-1431
3by5 ORDER FORM November 1, 1988
UNIT
ITEM# DESCRIPTION COST QTY COST
1110 3by5 V5.0 with printed manual $69.95 _____ _______
[] 5.25" or [] 3.5" diskette
6% state tax (Pennsylvania residents) _______
Shipping and Handling
USA and Canada $5.00 _______
Other Countries (Air Mail) $20.00 _______
TOTAL _______
SHIP TO ADDRESS: BILL TO ADDRESS: (Include P.O.)
Telephone number:
All programs require an IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2, or 100% IBM compatible
microcomputer with 320K memory, DOS 2.x or 3.x, and one disk drive
(DSDD diskette).
Prices subject to change. Please make all payments by check or money
order. Payment must accompany purchase orders that total less than
$50.00. Purchase orders accepted from universities, government agencies
and businesses with established purchasing departments.
Send orders to:
SOFTSHELL Telephone: (215) 793-1431
1254 Thornbury Rd.
West Chester, PA 19380
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF 3by5 PROGRAMS FOR THE PC
3by5 information management programs offer speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and
retrieving free-text and structured data. They are as
simple to use as 3x5 card files. Potential uses include:
Indexing personal literature collections.
Client, customer or patient records.
Card catalogs for small libraries.
Mailing lists of clients, customers, patients.
Cataloging and cross-referencing research notes.
Writing notes and memos.
Cataloging paper documents.
Preparing tests from a set of standard questions you
have developed.
Student records.
Litigation support, exhibit files.
Medical notes, prescription lists, insurance information.
Cataloging slide and video tape collections.
Parts inventories.
1
3by5
You can use 3by5's integrated text editor or any other
word processor, text editor or computer program to enter
data in any format: words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs
or variable length fields.
Searching files is fast. Just enter a search key, and 3by5
will find the first and all subsequent occurrences of the
key in your file. Moreover, when the key is found, it is
displayed in the context of the record in which it
appears. As each occurrence is found, you have the option
of continuing the search, editing the record, printing the
information, transferring records from one file to another,
or ending the search.
You may search for partial keys, i.e. an incomplete word or
phrase. For example, the search key "cdona" will locate
the name "McDonald" and "MacDonald". You may also
search for combinations of key terms which appear in the
same record.
A search may be limited to specific fields. For example, if
you are searching for Henry George who lives in
Washington State, you can search for all records containing
"George" in the name field, "Washington" in the state field.
You may search and edit up to five files at a time.
Standard ASCII files, and WordStar and WordPerfect
document files may be searched directly (without indexing)
or imported into 3by5 files for editing and indexing. 3by5
records may be transferred to ASCII, Wordstar and
WordPerfect files.
3by5 programs are not copy protected. They require an
IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or 100% compatible microcomputer
with at least 320K memory and one disk drive. Optimum
performance is obtained on a machine with 512K or more.
2
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains general instructions for the following
3by5 models:
3by5 Standard
The standard 3by5 program offers you the following
features:
1. Fields - up to 26 variable length fields.
3. Sort records by one or two fields when copying or
printing.
2. Underline and bold commands.
3. Improved indexing for records greater that 512 bytes.
4. Multiple print formats for mailing labels, 3by5 cards
etc.
5. Start-up Files that will automatically open your files
and set printer parameters, etc.
6. Directory commands Change, Make, Remove and List
directories.
7. List files on a disk from within the program along
with the date and time last modified, and file size.
8. Variable length records (reduces the amount of
unused space on a disk).
9. Report generator. Print records in a user defined
format.
10. Reference Manager. Enter journal, book and chapter
references in a standard format and the 3by5
Reference Manager will rearrange them into the style
required by any journal.
11. Correspondence Manager. Handles all your
correspondence needs: writing letters, mail merge,
correspondence follow-up.
12. Field definitions. Specify Free-text, Line, Numeric,
Date, Time, Mask and Person fields.
13. Macros. Insert predefined text or issue commands
sequences with a single key stoke.
14. Printed manual.
15. Technical support by telephone or mail.
3
3by5
3by5 Starter Kit
The 3by5 Starter Kit is an Adware (ADvertising softWARE)
product from Softshell. It is a free, fully functional
program designed to introduce you to Softshell's 3by5
product line. The Starter Kit includes all the features
listed in the 3by5 overview except:
1. Multiple fields and sorting capability are limited to
ten fields per record (except for reference files).
2. There is no underline or bold capability.
3. Sorting is limited to one field at a time.
4. Variable length records may not be edited.
5. There is a limit of only ten user defined Macros.
6. Index density is limited to 1.
7. Documentation is provided on diskette.
8. Technical support by mail only.
The 3by5 Starter Kit may be distributed without charge.
Owners of 3by5 may create databases and distribute the
databases along with a copy of the 3by5 Starter Kit.
4
INTRODUCTION
INFORMATION FOR USERS OF PREVIOUS VERSIONS
Converting Old Files
Version 3.1 introduced a new file format that has not been
changed with the release of Verions 4.0 and 5.0. 3by5 files
created by 3by5 Versions 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 can be read
and modified by Version 5.0, but should be converted to
the new format. The conversion process is simple. First,
open an old 3by5 file; then build a new 3by5 file using the
same file parameters. Use the Records Command to copy
records from the old file to the new.
Version 4.0 added the following features:
Underline and bold characters are displayed directly on the
screen.
The editor highlights blocked areas of text in reverse
video.
Searches may include the extended character set (e.g.
Greek letters).
Printing was improved to include word wrap that adjusts
for page margins.
The 3by5 Reference Manager was improved to include books
and book chapters in addition to journal references. An
author's first name may be included in the reference rather
than his initials.
You could define 26 fields with seven field types: Free-
form text, Line, Number, Date, Time, Mask and Person.
While searching you can mark records for later printing,
copying and sorting.
Macros, for text entry and commands, were added.
5
3by5
Version 5.0 contains all the features in Version 4.0 and the
following additions:
You can search any file while editing a record.
The Update Command allows you to modify records that
contain specified keys (similar to search and replace in a
word processor).
One or two windows may be specified.
A Status Line has been added to the top of the screen to
inform you of your location in the program.
Search keys now include not, and numeric and alphabetic
comparisons.
Editing of a record may be put on hold while you perform
another 3by5 task.
You may exit to DOS, execute a program, and return to
3by5.
6
INTRODUCTION
Trademarks used in this manual
WordPerfect is a trademark of WordPerfect Corp.
WordStar is a trademark of Micropro Corp.
IBM PC, IBM XT, IBM AT and IBM PS/2 are trademarks of IBM Corp.
Compaq is a trademark of Compaq Corp.
7
3by5
8
CHAP02.DOC
GETTING STARTED
CHAPTER 2 - GETTING STARTED
NOTATIONS USED IN THE 3by5 OWNER'S MANUAL
[xxxxx] Square brackets enclose characters you type at
the keyboard.
<Enter> Angled brackets indicate function and special
keys: <Enter>, <Esc>, <F10>, <Ctrl-F10>.
EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO RUN 3by5
IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or 100% IBM compatible.
320K RAM and at least one disk drive.
PC DOS Version 2.0 or higher.
A printer is optional.
NOTE TO COLOR MONITOR OWNERS
3by5 writes directly to RAM video for fast updating of the
screen. This may cause excessive screen noise on some
color monitors. Most color monitors do not display
underline (underlined text is displayed in blue). See
Chapter 9 for more information.
9
3by5 Chapter 2
FILES ON THE 3by5 DISKETTE
3BY5.EXE The main 3by5 program. It is a machine
language program and has no overlay
routines. It may be removed from the
disk drive after 3by5 is loaded into
memory.
3BY5HELP.3X5 3by5 Help file
INTRO.3X5 3by5 Introduction (demonstration) file
README If the file is present, it contains
information about 3by5 that has been
released since your documentation was
printed.
CONFIG.SYS This configuration file instructs DOS to
reserve space for up to 16 open files at a
time. You may edit it as you need.
ADDRESS.3X5 Sample file
FORMLET.LET Sample form letters
FORMS.PFM Sample file with print forms
LETTERS.LET Sample letters
NOFIELDS.3X5 Sample file
PROGRAMS.3X5 Sample file
REF.REF Sample file of references
REFSTYLE.RFS Reference style file
JOHN.PRG Sample 3by5 program file
ADDRESS.MAP Index file for ADDRESS.3X5
FORMLET.IET Index file for FORMLET.LET
FORMS.IFM Index file for FORMS.PFM
LETTERS.IET Index file for LETTERS.LET
NOFIELDS.MAP Index file for NOFILEDS.3X5
PROGRAMS.MAP Index file for PROGRAMS.3X5
REF.IEF Index file for REF.REF
REFSTYLE.IFS Index file for REFSTYLE.RFS
10
GETTING STARTED
INSTALLING 3by5
MAKING A BACK-UP COPY OF THE 3by5 MASTER
DISKETTE
1. Place a DOS system diskette into drive A and turn on
the computer.
2. If asked, enter the date and time.
3. Place a new or blank diskette in drive B.
4. Type [diskcopy a: b:] <Enter>. This will copy the
contents of the diskette in drive A to the diskette in
drive B. The diskcopy program will pause.
5. Remove the DOS system diskette from drive A and
insert the 3by5 Master Diskette into drive A. Make
certain that the diskette in drive B is new or has no
files that you want to save.
6. Press <Enter>. The program will copy all of the files
from drive A to drive B. Use this diskette as your
working copy of the 3by5 Master Diskette.
11
3by5 Chapter 2
MAKING A WORKING COPY OF THE 3by5 PROGRAM
The only files you need to run the 3by5 program are
3BY5.EXE and CONFIG.SYS. The purpose of the
CONFIG.SYS file is to instruct DOS to provide space in
memory for up to five source files and five index files.
You may copy them onto any diskette (system or data
type) or hard disk. For diskette based systems, the
simplest method is to format a DOS system diskette. Then
place your backup copy of the 3by5 Master Diskette in
drive A, the newly formatted diskette in drive B, and
type: [copy a:3by5.exe b:] <Enter> and then type [copy
a:config.sys b:] <Enter>.
You may copy the file 3BY5HELP.3X5 to the new diskette.
The 3BY5HELP.3X5 file is optional (see Chapter 3 on the
Help Feature).
IF YOU NEED TO OPEN MORE THAN TWO 3by5 FILES
AT A TIME, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU BOOT THE
SYSTEM WITH A CONFIG.SYS FILE THAT SETS THE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF OPEN FILES TO 16.
12
GETTING STARTED
LABELING AND STORING 3by5 DISKETTES
When the installation process is complete, remove the 3by5
Master Diskette from drive A and store it in a safe
location. It will be your master backup copy in the event
of a disaster.
Label the diskette onto which you have just transferred
the 3by5 files with the following:
3by5 Version 5.0 (C) 1988, Softshell Corp.
All subsequent copies of the 3by5 programs should also be
labeled with the 3by5 title and the Softshell copyright
notice.
If you have a copy of the 3by5 Starter Kit, you may copy
it and distribute copies without charge.
If you have 3by5, you may only make copies of the
program for your own use. 3by5 may not be distributed to
other parties except by Softshell Corp. or its designated
dealers.
13
3by5 Chapter 2
DOS ENVIRONMENT COMMAND
The DOS Set Command may be used to specify the default
drives and directories (paths) for the 3BY5HELP.3X5 and
3BY5AUTO.PRG files.
3BY5HELP.3X5 (See Chapter 3)
From the DOS Command Line type:
C>SET 3BY5HELP=C:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2
where the text to the right of the equal sign is the path
for the 3by5 Help File 3BY5HELP.3X5.
3BY5AUTO.PRG (See Chapter 11)
From the DOS Command Line type:
C>SET 3BY5AUTO=C:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2
where the text to the right of the equal sign is the path
for the 3by5 Start-up File 3BY5AUTO.PRG.
The Set Command may be placed in your DOS
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. See your DOS Manual for more
information on the Set Command and AUTOEXEC file.
14
GETTING STARTED
INTRODUCTION TO 3BY5
New users of 3by5 may run through a brief introduction by
starting 3by5 in the following manner. Drive A should be
the default drive. Place the 3by5 diskette in drive A and
type
3by5 intro<Enter>
3by5 will be loaded into memory, and the title screen
displayed. After you press any key to continue, the
program will prompt you to place the file INTRO.3X5 in
drive A. Since the file is already on the diskette, press
any key to continue. The remainder of the introduction is
self explanatory.
15
3by5 Chapter 2
16
CHAP03.DOC
CHAPTER 3 - SCREENS, MENUS AND HELP
SCREEN SECTIONS
3by5 divides the computer screen into three parts:
3by5 Status Line: The top line of the screen indicates
where you are in the program (searching, editing, etc).
It is highlighted, i.e. displayed in reverse video.
Text Window: Text while editing and searching is
displayed in this area. The names of open files are also
displayed in this section as needed.
Command Menu: The last two lines of the screen are
reserved for menus that are used to issue instructions to
the program.
For example:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
17
3by5 Chapter 3
MENUS
The Main Menu will be used as an example of the standard
3by5 menu. When you first enter the progam, the Main
Menu is displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
The first line (Command Line) of the Main Menu lists the
commands that may be executed.
The second line (Auto Help Line) is highlighted. It gives
you information on the current command.
On the Command Line the command EDIT is highlighted
(depicted in this documentation by being enclosed by ><
signs). The area in reverse video is called the Command
Indicator. Press the space bar once and the command
EDIT will appear in standard video and the command
SEARCH will be highlighted. Press the space bar again
and the PRINT command will be highlighted. You may
move the Command Indicator by pressing the space bar,
left or right arrow keys, or back space key.
You may execute a command by positioning the Command
Indicator on the command and pressing <Enter>, or by
pressing the first letter of the command, regardless of
where the command indicator is located.
If you become lost while using 3by5 and are not certain
what to do next, read the Auto Help Line at the bottom of
the screen. The information on the line should help you
decide what to do next. If you are still lost, press <F1>
for help.
18
SCREENS AND MENUS
HELP
Press <F1> for help.
3by5 has context sensitive help screens that display
information about the 3by5 command or function you are
using. The text for the help screens is contained in a file
called 3BY5HELP.3X5. The first time you press <F1> for
help, the program searches the current directory for
3BY5HELP.3X5. If the file is not in the current directory,
the program will prompt you to enter the drive and
directory in which the help file may be found - in which
case type the drive and directory (e.g C:\3by5 or A:). You
may press <Esc> to bypass this function.
3BY5HELP.3X5 is a standard 3by5 file (without an index).
You may edit the file if you want to make specific changes
in any of the help screens.
You use the DOS Set Command to specify the path for the
3BY5HELP.3X5 file as follows:
From the DOS Command Line type:
A>SET 3BY5HELP=A:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2
where the text to the right of the equal sign is the path
for the 3BY5HELP.3X5 file.
The Set Command may be placed in your DOS
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. See your DOS Manual for more
information on the Set Command and AUTOEXEC file.
19
3by5 Chapter 3
20
CHAP04.DOC
CHAPTER 4 - EDITING
EDIT COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Edit Command is used to modify an existing record or
add a new record to an open 3by5 file. Press [E]. If two
or more files are open, the program will list the files and
ask you to enter the number or name of the file that you
want to edit.
The program will then display the following at the bottom
of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Record: zzzzz
Records in file: yyyy
_____________________________________________________________________
Where yyyy is the number of records in the file and zzzzz
is the number of the record to edit. The program defaults
to the number of records in the file plus one. Pressing
<Enter> will automatically add another record to the file.
Otherwise type in the number of the record you want to
edit and press <Enter>.
21
3by5 Chapter 4
3by5 EDITOR
3by5's editor uses many of the same function keys as those
used by WordPerfect. Features include: word wrap, insert
and delete functions with automatic alignment of text,
numerous cursor control commands and block copy, move
and erase commands. It is not, however, a full word
processor.
When you first enter the editor, the cursor will be at
column one of line one. The 3by5 Status Line at the top
of the screen will display the name of the file and the
record number:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Edit[A:\ADDRESS.3X5]#1
_____________________________________________________________________
At the bottom of the screen, the line number and column
number will be displayed on the right hand side of the 24th
line:
_____________________________________________________________________
Line 1 Col 1
<F1> Help <F7> Commands Mask ###-##-###
_____________________________________________________________________
The 25th line contains the message
"<F1> Help <F7> Commands"
22
EDITING
In the center of the 25th line the field type will be displayed
along with the format or mask.
For example: Numeric: 10.2
Date: mm/dd/yyyy
Time: hh:mm
Mask: ###-##-##
The editor allows you to enter up to 66 lines of text per
record, regardless of the number of characters (bytes) per
record. If you enter more characters than the record will
hold, the program can save only the number of bytes allocated
per record. To determine the number of bytes typed and the
number of bytes per record, press <Ctrl-F1> and the number of
bytes in the record will be displayed.
TEMPORARY TEXT BUFFER
3by5's Editor has one buffer that is used to temporarily store
blocks of text during copy and cut commands. The contents of
this buffer are erased each time you perform a new copy or
cut command.
The Search-Copy Command retrieves selected fields from a
record found during a search and places the text into the
Temporary Text Buffer. The contents of the buffer may be
inserted into any record you are editing.
23
3by5 Chapter 4
ENTERING TEXT
To enter text in a new record just type as you would with a
word processor. Words that extend beyond the right margin
are automatically wrapped down to the next line. Pressing
<Enter> indicates the end of a paragraph (or block of text) and
is indicated by a solid, left-pointing triangle. Text will not
wrap around an end of paragraph mark.
You may type over text by moving the cursor with the cursor
control keys to the appropriate position. Press <Ins> and the
message "OVER" will appear on the bottom line of the screen.
The program is now in overtype mode. Type the new text you
want to enter. If an end of paragraph (solid, left-facing
triangle) is encountered while over-typing, the program will
switch to Insert Mode.
DELETING TEXT ONE CHARACTER AT A TIME
You may delete the character at the current cursor position by
pressing <Del>. Each time you press <Del>, a character is
deleted. Text is automatically realigned as you delete
characters.
BACK SPACE
Pressing the back space key deletes the character to the left
of the cursor and moves the cursor to the left one space.
After backspacing, any movement of the cursor by the arrow
keys will realign the text.
24
EDITING
MOVING THE CURSOR
The 3by5 editor allows you to move the cursor by using the
following keys:
<Rt Arrow> or <Ctrl-D> cursor right one space
<Lt Arrow> or <Ctrl-S> cursor left one space
<Up Arrow> or <Ctrl-E> cursor up one line
<Down Arrow> or <Ctrl-X> cursor down one line
<Home> cursor to the beginning of the current line
<End> cursor to the end of the current line
<PgUp> cursor to the line 1 column 1
<PgDn> cursor to the last column of the last line of text
<F9> or <Ctrl-Enter> move the cursor from one field to the
start of the next field.
<Ctrl-Rt Arrow> or <Ctrl-F> cursor to the right one word
<Ctrl-Lt Arrow> or <Ctrl-A> cursor to the left one word
<Ctrl-End> delete from the cursor to the end of line
25
3by5 Chapter 4
FONTS: BOLD AND UNDERLINE
BOLD <F6>
While typing text: Press <F6> to designate the beginning of a
section of text to be printed in bold. Type the text. It will
be displayed in bold. When you are finished typing the text in
bold, press <F6> again to turn off bold.
Block of text: Use <Alt-F4> to turn on the block command;
define the block of text and press <F6>. The block of text
will be displayed in bold.
Alternatively, you can press <Alt-F4>, define a block of text
and then press <Alt-F4>. The following prompt will be
displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
1 Cut 2 Copy 3 Delete 4 Underline 5 Bold 6 Block off: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
To convert the entire block of text to bold, press [5]. To
delete all bold within the block of text, press [3] and the
following prompt will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Delete: 1 Underline 2 Bold 3 Text: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [2] to delete all bold in the block.
26
EDITING
UNDERLINE <F8>
While typing text: Press <F8> to designate the beginning of a
section of text to be underlined. Type the text. It will be
displayed with underline on monochrome monitors and in blue
on color monitors. When you are finished typing the text in
bold, press <F8> again to turn off underline.
Block of text: Use <Alt-F4> to turn on the block command;
define the block of text and press <F8>. The block of text
will be displayed in underline.
Alternatively, you can press <Alt-F4>, define a block of text
and then press <Alt-F4>. The following prompt will be
displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
1 Cut 2 Copy 3 Delete 4 Underline 5 Bold 6 Block off: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
To convert the entire block of text to underline press [4]. To
delete all bold within the block of text, press [3] and the
following prompt will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Delete: 1 Underline 2 Bold 3 Text: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [1] to delete all underline in the block.
27
3by5 Chapter 4
EDIT COMMANDS
Edit commands (such as block copy, print and quit) can be
issued by pressing <F7> for the following Edit Command Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
Search Block Insert Retrieve Print Other Hold Quit
Search a file <F2>
_____________________________________________________________________
The Auto Help Line (bottom line) displays information
about the command and the function key that can be used
to issue the command without using the Edit Command
Menu. For example, the <F2> function key can be pressed
for the Search Command.
Many of the Edit Commands can also be issued by pressing
a function key. In the pages that follow the function key
assignments are indicated next to the name of the function.
EDIT-SEARCH Command <F2>
The Search Command is used to search the same file or
another while editing. Information from the search may be
placed in 3by5's temporary buffer and transferred to the
record being edited.
Press [S] to start a search. The commands are the same
as those for searching from the Main Menu and are
described in Chapter 5.
28
EDITING
EDIT-BLOCK Command <Alt-F4>
The Block Command is used to define a block of text that
will be cut, copied, or deleted. It can also be used to turn
on or off underline or bold for the entire block of text.
The cursor position when <Alt-F4> is pressed defines the
origin of the block of text. You use the cursor control
keys (e.g. the arrow keys, <Pg Up>, <End>, etc.) to define
the block of text. The current block of text is defined as
that text from the block origin to the current cursor
position. It is highlighted in reverse video.
After you have defined a block of text, you can copy it to
a temporary buffer, delete it, underline it, or convert it to
bold type. Press <Alt-F4> and the program will prompt
you:
_____________________________________________________________________
1 Cut 2 Copy 3 Delete 4 Underline 5 Bold 6 Block off: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
Press <Enter> to return to the block definition or select
one of the following:
1. Cut: The cut block command copies the block of text
into the Temporary Text Buffer where it stays until
the buffer is filled with new text. The block of text
is erased after it is copied to the buffer.
2. Copy: The copy block command copies the block of
text into the Temporary Text Buffer where it stays
until the buffer is filled with new text. This allows
you to copy the text to multiple places: within the
current record, to another record in the same file or
to another file.
29
3by5 Chapter 4
3. Delete: The delete command deletes the current block
of text, or all bold or underline within the block:
_________________________________________________________
Delete: 1 Underline 2 Bold 3 Text: 0
_________________________________________________________
Press [1] to delete all underline in the block of text.
Press [2] to delete all bold in the block of text.
Press [3] to delete all text defined by the highlight.
NO COPY IS MADE BEFORE THE TEXT IS ERASED!
Once you delete a block of text, you cannot restore
the original text.
4. Underline: underline all text in the block.
5. Bold: The bold command causes all text in the block
to be printed and displayed in bold.
6. Block Off: Press [0] to turn off the block command.
30
EDITING
EDIT-INSERT Command <Ctrl-F4>
The Insert Command allows you to insert the block of text
in the Temporary Text Buffer at the current cursor
position. The block of text must have been previously
defined by using the block Copy or Cut Commands. The
insert command can be used to move a block of text (saved
in the temporary buffer with the Copy or Cut Command)
from one record to one or more other records (within the
same file or from one file to another). This allows you to
create templates and insert them in each record you edit.
EDIT-RETRIEVE RECORD Command <Shift-F10>
This command retrieves a record from any open file and
inserts it in the record you are editing. Press <Shift-F10>
and the program will display the files that are open. If
more than one file is open, you will be asked to select a
file. Type the number of the file. The program will then
prompt you for the number of the record to retrieve.
Type the number of the record and press <Enter>.
EDIT-PRINT Command <Shift-F7>
The current record will be printed using the current print
form.
31
3by5 Chapter 4
EDIT-OTHER Command
The following commands are available under the Other
Command:
EDIT-OTHER-SHEET Command <Shift-F8>
The Sheet Command is used to change the page length and
margins of the record you are editing or the default values
for the entire file.
The following parameters can be defined:
Page Length
The Page Length is the length of the page in lines. A
standard 8.5 x 11 inch page has 66 lines (6 lines per
inch). A 3by5 card has 18 lines per page.
Left Margin
The Left Margin is the left margin for printing. The left
margin of text is always positioned at column one of the
video screen.
Right Margin
The Right Margin is the right margin of printing. Any
attempt to print past the right margin results in a carriage
return and new line feed.
Top Margin
The Top Margin is the number of lines the printer will
leave at the top of a page before printing records.
32
EDITING
Bottom Margin
The Bottom Margin is the number of lines the printer will
leave at the bottom of the page.
Conditional New Page
This parameter defines how records will be split at page
boundaries when printing. This parameter is fully defined
in Chapter 6 under the Print-Sheet Command.
33
3by5 Chapter 4
Sheet Command for Standard 3by5, Program, Macro
Reference and Reference Style Files
These files are considered data files and as such do not
contain printing information. Only the right margin can be
changed. This feature is strictly for editing purposes.
Print margins are determined by the Print Form used to
print the contents of the data file.
The following prompt will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Right margin: (11 - 120) 76
_____________________________________________________________________
You can only change the right margin of a Standard 3by5
File, 3by5 Program File and Macro File. The left margin is
fixed at column position 11 while editing.
Other Sheet parameters (e.g. page length, top and bottom
margins) are determined by the Print Form used to print
the file.
After you have typed the right margin, press <Enter> to
save the results. The setting of the right margin affects
all records in the file.
34
EDITING
Sheet Command for Print Form, Letter and Document Files
The following screen will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Page length: (0 - 66) 66
Left margin: (1 - 110) 11
Right margin: (11 - 120) 76
Top margin: (0 - 25) 6
Bottom margin: (0 - 25) 6
Conditional: (0 - 66) 1
<Esc> Cancel <F10> save
_____________________________________________________________________
Enter the values and press <F10> to save the results. The
program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Record< File Erase
Set values for current record only
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [R] to save the Sheet Parameters for the record you
are editing (no other records are affected).
Press [F] to make the Sheet Parameters the default values
for the entire file.
Press [E] to erase the Sheet Parameters for the current
record and reset them to the default values of the file.
35
3by5 Chapter 4
EDIT-OTHER-COUNT Command <Ctrl-F1>
The Count Command displays the number of characters in
the current record at the bottom of the screen. Press any
key to continue editing.
EDIT-OTHER-FIELD Command <Shift-F9>
The Field On/Off Command will turn off the predefined
fields in a record so that you may add additional fields to
a record or move fields around. The key works as a
toggle switch. When fields are off, <F9> or <Ctrl-Enter>
insert an end of field mark at the cursor position (|<).
EDIT-OTHER-LOAD Command
The Load Command is used to load the contents of the
current record into memory: a Print Form for Printing, a
Reference Style Form for the Reference Manager, or a
Macro record.
EDIT-OTHER-DATE Command <Shift-F5>
The Date Command is used to insert the current date,
time, or date and time at the current cursor location. The
Date Command gives you the option of changing the format
of the date (e.g 11/21/88 or 11-21-88).
36
EDITING
HOLD <Shift-F3>
The Hold Command temporarily suspends editing and
returns the program to the Main Menu. The 3by5 Status
Line at the top of the screen will display the word "Hold"
after the name of the file you were editing. You may then
perform other tasks (for example: open another file, search
or edit a file). When you are finished and are at the Main
Menu Command, press [Q] to Quit and you will be returned
to the place at which you placed editing on hold.
37
3by5 Chapter 4
QUIT COMMAND
The Quit Command has several options:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Save< Abort Next Previous Goto Bypass
Save record; return to parent task
_____________________________________________________________________
Save saves the record and returns you to the parent
task (Main Menu or Search).
Abort aborts the editing of the record. No changes
are saved, and you are returned to the parent task
(Main Menu or Search).
Next saves the record and moves to the next record.
Previous saves the record and moves to the previous
record.
Goto saves the record and allows you to select the
next record to edit.
Bypass aborts the editing of the record and allows you
to select the next record to edit.
Alternative methods of doing the above are:
<F10> or <Ctrl-PgDn> saves the edited record and
moves to the next record in the file.
<Ctrl-PgUp> saves the edited record and moves to the
previous record.
38
EDITING
This page reserved for notes.
39
3by5 Chapter 4
40
CHAP05.DOC
CHAPTER 5 - SEARCHING
SEARCH COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit >Search< Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Search file
_____________________________________________________________________
Once a file has been opened, you can search it for any
search key by pressing [S] in response to the Main Menu.
If there are two or more files open, the program will list
the files and ask you for a range of files to search. If
you want to search only one file, type the number of the
file and press <Enter>. If you want to search two or more
files, type the number of the first file, a hyphen, and the
number of the last file. Then press <Enter>.
If only one file is open, you will not be asked to select a
file.
If records have been marked during a search, select file 0
to search or browse the marked records.
41
3by5 Chapter 5
After you have selected a file for searching, or the
program defaults to the only open file, the following
screen will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Search[FILENAME]
Global
Field A name
Field B name
Field C name
Field D name
Field E name
Type search keys; press <F7> for commands
_____________________________________________________________________
42
SEARCHING
SEARCH KEY COMMANDS
Type the search keys and press <F7> for the Search Key
Command Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Search< Browse Files Print Write Update Options Clear Quit
Start Search
_____________________________________________________________________
Search: Start interactive search using search keys
Browse: Browse through a file without specifying a search
key. Previous search keys are not altered.
Files: Select a different range of files to search.
Print: Generate a printed report without manually
selecting records.
Write: Generate automatic output to a file.
Update: Modify records (search/replace) found during a
search.
Options: Select Search Options.
Clear: Erase any previous search keys. The keys may be
edited by using the insert and delete keys and by over-
typing.
Quit: Return to the parent task (the Main Menu or the
Editor)
43
3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH OPTIONS
The Search Options Menu displays the options available:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Display< Output Auto Mark
Page Topline
_____________________________________________________________________
SEARCH-KEYS-OPTIONS-DISPLAY Command
The Page Display Format displays one record at a time.
The Topline Display Format lists the record number and
first line of each record found during a search.
SEARCH-KEYS-OPTIONS-OUTPUT Command
You may specify the name of a file to which you can
output (write) records found during the search. The file
may be a 3by5, ASCII, WordStar or WordPerfect file.
Records written to the output file during a search are
appended to the end of the file.
The program will display the open files and ask you to
select an output file. Select file 0, to turn off the output
option.
44
SEARCHING
SEARCH-KEYS-OPTIONS-AUTO Command
The search procedure may be manual (the program stops
after each record is found and displayed) or automatic (the
entire search is performed without pausing). The automatic
mode is useful for printing select records, counting the
number of hits in a file, and for copying records to the
output file.
SEARCH-KEYS-OPTIONS-MARK Command
During a manual search you can manually mark up to 500
records. These marked records may be sorted and then
copied to a file (using the Files-Records-Copy Command),
or printed using the Print Command.
The Mark Option can be set to All, and all records found
during a search will be marked (for use with automatic
searches).
The Mark Option can be reset to zero to reset the number
of marked records to 0.
45
3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH KEY OPERATORS
The following operators and reserved words are used to
specify search key characteristics:
| The OR character. For example, "dog|cat"
means "dog" or "cat".
& The AND character. For example, "dog&cat"
means "dog" and "cat".
> Greater than.
>= Greater than or equal.
< Less than.
<= Less than or equal.
!= Not equal.
NULL Field without text.
FILLED Field with text.
The uses of the above operators and reserved words are
described in the following pages.
46
SEARCHING
SEARCH KEYS
SINGLE SEARCH KEYS
A single search key can contain one or more characters.
For example "cart", "carton" and "arto" are all valid
search keys that will locate the word "carton". Any one
search key may be up to 60 characters in length. If a
search key is three or more characters in length, the index
is used and the search is very rapid. On average, the
longer the search key, the faster the search. If the search
key is less than three characters in length, each source
record is searched sequentially, resulting in somewhat
slower searches.
Capitalization is ignored during a search. The string
"Computer" is equivalent to the string "computer".
To initiate a search, type a search key and press <Enter>.
For example, typing [adams] <Enter> will initiate a search
for all records that contain the name Adams.
NO SEARCH KEYS
If you do not specify a search key and press [S] to search,
the program will treat each record as a match. This is
equivalent to browsing.
MULTIPLE SEARCH KEYS
Records that contain two or more keys may be found by
using the logical operators "AND" (&) or "OR" (|). The
"AND" operator is represented by the ampersand (&). The
"OR" operator by the vertical bar(|).
For example, the search key "computer&basic" will only
find records with both terms "computer" and "BASIC".
47
3by5 Chapter 5
A space between two search keys is treated as a logical
AND. For example, the search key John Smith is
equivalent to John&Smith and will find all records with:
John Smith
John F. Smith
Smith, John Q.
If you need to search for the string "John Smith", enclose
it in quotes and only John Smith will be found, not John
F. Smith.
The search key "computer|basic" will locate all records that
contain either the term "computer" or "BASIC" or both
"computer" and "BASIC".
The search key "computer&basic|computer&fortran" will
locate all records that contain either the terms "computer"
and "BASIC", "computer" and "FORTRAN", or both
"computer" and "BASIC" and "computer" and "FORTRAN".
MULTIPLE FIELDS
If the file you are going to search has two or more fields,
you can specify that a key be present in a particular field,
search the record globally without regard to fields, or
search globally for one or more keys and at the same time
search specific fields for other keys. You may also
combine keys in searches.
For example, a file with four fields:
FIELD A: NAME
FIELD B: HOME (home address)
FIELD C: WORK (business address)
FIELD D: AGE
48
SEARCHING
The following searches may be performed:
1. Find all records with the name John Smith in
the name field and the word township anywhere
within the record.
Field Search key
Global township
NAME: John&Smith
HOME:
WORK:
AGE:
This is the same as:
Field Search key
Global township
NAME: John Smith
HOME:
WORK:
AGE:
In this case a space separates John from Smith.
49
3by5 Chapter 5
2. Find all records of all John Smiths or Jane
Jones who live in Philadelphia.
Field Search key
Global
NAME: John&Smith|Jane&Jones
HOME: Philadelphia
WORK:
AGE:
3. Find all individuals who live in Maryland and
work in the District of Columbia
Field Search key
Global
NAME:
HOME: Maryland
WORK: Washington|District&Columbia
AGE:
In this example the address may have been
entered as Washington DC or District of
Columbia. The search will find either
District&Columbia or Washington.
50
SEARCHING
NUMERICAL COMPARISON
Numeric fields may be searched using the following
comparison operators:
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal
< Less than
<= Less than or equal
= Equal
!= Not equal
For example, the following search keys will find all John
Smiths between the ages of 21 and 65 years:
Field Search key
Global
NAME: John Smith
HOME:
WORK:
AGE: >=21&<=65
NOTE: Numerical comparison searches are much slower
than string match searches since 3by5 indexes words and
not number ranges. You can increase the speed of a
numerical comparison search by including a string match
(e.g. the "John Smith" key in the name field).
If you need to search for a string that includes one of the
numerical operators, enclose the string in quotes. For
example:
"a = b".
The equal comparison will locate numbers that are equal
numerically, but not equivalent strings. For example:
.33 = 0.3300
51
3by5 Chapter 5
ALPHABETIC STRING COMPARISON
The following comparison operators may be used to search
for a range of strings:
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal
< Less than
<= Less than or equal
= Equal
!= Not equal
For example, the following search keys will find all records
with names from Jones to Smith:
Field Search key
Global
NAME: >=Jones&<=Smith
HOME:
WORK:
AGE:
Capitalization is ignored. The string "de la Vega" is
equivalent to the string "De la vega".
NOTE: String comparison searches are much slower than
string match searches. You can increase the speed of a
string comparison search by including a string match (e.g.
the key "Boston" in the Address field).
52
SEARCHING
NULL FIELD SEARCH
The term NULL (Null or null) is a reserved word that
instructs the program to search for records in which a
field contains no text. For example:
Global
NAME: Smith
ADDRESS: NULL
PHONE:
AGE:
The above search key will locate all records that contain
the string "Smith" in the Name field and contain no text in
the Address field.
The following key will find all records with the string
"unknown" in the Address field, or records without text in
the Address field:
Global
NAME:
ADDRESS: unknown|NULL
PHONE:
AGE:
To search for the strings "NULL", "Null" or "null", enclose
the string in quotes.
53
3by5 Chapter 5
FILLED FIELD SEARCH
The term FILLED (Filled or filled) is a reserved word that
instructs the program to search for records in which a
field contains text of any type. For example:
Global
NAME: Smith
ADDRESS: FILLED
PHONE:
AGE:
The above search key will locate all records that contain
the string "Smith" in the Name field and contain text in
the Address field.
To search for the strings "FILLED", "Filled" or "filled",
enclose the string in quotes.
54
SEARCHING
EXTENDED CHARACTERS IN THE SEARCH KEY
To include extended characters (non-ASCII characters such
as the Greek alpha) in the search key, hold <Alt> and type
the decimal value of the character on the numeric keypad.
For example, holding <Alt> while typing [224] will give you
the Greek letter alpha. The extended character codes are
listed in the IBM Basic Manual and Chapter 13 of this
manual.
Alternatively, you can press <Alt-X> for the 3by5 Extended
Character Menu and select the extended character that you
want to enter.
If you use the extended character set frequently, you may
want to develop a series of macros for the characters you
use most often.
55
3by5 Chapter 5
INTERACTIVE SEARCH MENU COMMANDS
_____________________________________________________________________
>Forward< Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Search/Browse; forward direction
_____________________________________________________________________
While searching or browsing manually, the program pauses
after each record is located and displays the record and
the above Interactive Search Command Menu.
If the record has more than 23 lines, you may scroll
through the text by pressing the <Up Arrow> and
<Down Arrow> keys. <PgDn> will display the last 23 lines
of text and <PgUp> will display the first 23 lines.
At any time during a search, you may press <Esc> to abort
the search. To issue any other command you must wait
until the program has found a record and one of the
commands is highlighted.
56
SEARCHING
SEARCH-FORWARD Command
_____________________________________________________________________
>Forward< Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Search/Browse; forward direction
_____________________________________________________________________
If the Manual Search Option is in effect, the program will
stop after each record that matches the search key is
found and displayed. Press [F] to move forward to the
next record that matches the search keys.
SEARCH-BACKWARD Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward >Backward< Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Search/Browse; backward direction
_____________________________________________________________________
The Backward Search Command moves you back to the last
record found during a search. If you are at record one of
the second file in a search, the program will go to the last
record in the first file that matches the search key.
The Backward Command does not allow you to move
backward in a non-3by5 file.
57
3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH-GOTO Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward >Goto< Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Go to a record
_____________________________________________________________________
The Goto Command allows you to jump directly to any
record in the file. Just press [G]. The program will
prompt you for the number of the record.
SEARCH-EDIT Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto >Edit< Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Edit record
_____________________________________________________________________
The Edit Command lets you edit the current record
(i.e. the record last displayed during the search). When
you are finished editing, you are returned to the search.
58
SEARCHING
SEARCH-PRINT Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit >Print< Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Print current record
_____________________________________________________________________
The Print Command prints the current record to your
computer's printer. After you press [P] a "P" will be
displayed in reverse video in the upper right corner of the
screen indicating the record is being printed. It will
remain there until you continue the search for another
record. Each time you press [P], the current record will
be printed.
SEARCH-WRITE Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Write current record to output file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Write Command allows you to copy records from a
3by5 file to the current Output File (as defined by the
Search Options). If no Output File has been specified, the
program will ask you to specify the output file. Each time
you press [W] a copy of the current record is written to
the Output File, and the program displays a "W" in reverse
video in the upper right corner of the screen.
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3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH-LOAD Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write >Load< Mark Copy Other Quit
Print Macro Reference
_____________________________________________________________________
The Load Command can be used to load into memory the
Print Form used for printing and the Reference Style Form
for the Reference Manager, or a macro record.
SEARCH-MARK Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load >Mark< Copy Other Quit
Mark record for sorting, printing or copying
_____________________________________________________________________
The Mark Command allows you to mark the most recently
displayed record for future sorting, printing and/or
copying. After you press [M] an "M" will be displayed in
reverse video in the upper right corner of the screen
indicating the record has been marked. It will remain
there until you continue the search for another record.
60
SEARCHING
SEARCH-COPY Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark >Copy< Other Quit
Copy selected fields into temporary buffer
_____________________________________________________________________
The Copy Command of the interactive search mode allows
you to copy selected fields of a record into 3by5's
temporary text buffer. The text may then be inserted into
a record that is being edited. For example, if you are
typing a memo, you can search an address file, copy the
name and address of an individual, return to the memo and
insert the text into the memo.
Press [C]. The program will display the file's current Field
Filter. You may modify the Filter. Press <Enter> to use a
modified filter without saving it, press <F10> save the
filter and copy the specified fields. Press <Esc> to bypass
the copy process.
Take for example a search file with the following fields:
NAME: John Smith
STREET: 101 Baltimore Pike
CITY: Springfield
STATE: Pennsylvania
ZIPCODE: 19064
The filter: A+~+B+~+C+,+ +D+ +E
will copy the following into the temporary text buffer:
John Smith<
101 Baltimore Pike
Springfield, PA 19064
See the Files-Field Filter Command for more information
on Field Filters.
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3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH-OTHER Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy >Other< Quit
Key Auto Unmark
_____________________________________________________________________
The following other commands are available by first
pressing [O]:
SEARCH-OTHER-KEY Command
_____________________________________________________________________
>Key< Auto Unmark
Display search keys
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [K] to display the current search key (if, for example
you do not remember what you entered). The search key
will be displayed, and the program will prompt you to press
any key to continue the search.
SEARCH-OTHER-AUTO Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Key >Auto< Unmark
Automatic Search
_____________________________________________________________________
This command converts from Manual Search Mode to
Automatic Search Mode. The program will not pause after
each record is found during a search.
This command is useful if you want to print all records
during a search, but want to confirm the first few records
found.
62
SEARCHING
SEARCH-OTHER-UNMARK Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Key Auto >Unmark<
Unmark records
_____________________________________________________________________
The Unmark Command works only while searching or
browsing through marked records, or if you are at a record
that you have accidentally marked and have not left the
record.
SEARCH-QUIT Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Forward Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Other >Quit<
Quit search
_____________________________________________________________________
The Quit Command allows you to stop a search after a
record has been displayed. Press [Q] to end the search.
The program will display the Search End Commands:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Modify< Add Back Count Return
Modify search keys
_____________________________________________________________________
The text on the following page contains instructions for
the Search End Commands.
63
3by5 Chapter 5
SEARCH END COMMANDS
When the search is completed or you have quit the search,
the following menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Modify< Add Back Count Return
Modify search keys
_____________________________________________________________________
Modify Command: The Modify Search Keys Command
returns to the search key window and allows you to modify
the search keys for a new search.
Add Command: The Add Command is used to add a record
to the file. For example, if you search for John Smith and
no record is found, you can add his record to the file.
Back Command: The Back Command takes you back to the
search at the last record found.
Count Command: The Count Command gives you a count
of the number of records searched, the number found and
the number screened (the number of records that the
program retrieved from the file and searched for the
search keys).
Return: The Return Command returns the program to the
parent task (either the Main Menu or the Editor).
64
SEARCHING
SEARCH-UPDATE Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Search Browse Files Print Write >Update< Options Clear Quit
Modify records (search and replace)
_____________________________________________________________________
The Search-Update Command is similar to a word
processor's search and replace command.
First specify a search key. For example:
Field Search key
Global
NAME: Smith
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
AGE:
Then press <F7> for the search key Command Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
Search Browse Files Print Write >Update< Options Clear Quit
Modify records (search and replace)
_____________________________________________________________________
65
3by5 Chapter 5
Press [U] for the Update Command and the Update Screen
will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Update[FILENAME]
Global
Field A name
Field B name
Field C name
Field D name
Field E name
Type update strings; press <F7> for commands
_____________________________________________________________________
To replace a string with another string, type the string to
be replaced, an equal sign (=), followed by the replacement
string. For example:
Global
NAME: Smith=Jones
HOME:
WORK:
AGE:
All occurrences of the string "Smith" will be replaced with
the string "Jones".
66
SEARCHING
Replacement strings in the Global field will cause the
string to be replaced in all fields. Replacement strings in
a specific field will act only on that field. For example:
Global Washington=Pennsylvania
NAME: Smith=Jones
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
AGE:
In this example the string "Washington" will be replaced by
the string "Pennsylvania" in every field that Washington is
found. (e.g. George Washing in the name field and
Washington, D.C. in the address field). The string "Jones"
will be replaced with "Smith" only if it appears in the
Name field. The town of "Smithville" in the Address field
will not be changed to "Jonesville".
67
3by5 Chapter 5
Other Update Functions
Other Update functions include:
1. Replace entire contents of a field. This is indicated
by using the asterisk (*) to indicate the entire
contents of the field. For example:
Field Replacement string
Global
NAME: *=John Smith
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
AGE:
The string "John Smith" will replace all strings in the
Name field.
2. Append string to contents of a field. The contents of
the field are indicated by an asterisk (*) and the
append function by the plus sign (+):
Field Replacement string
Global
NAME: *+, Ph.D.
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
AGE:
The string ", Ph.D." will be appended to names in the
Name field. "Jane Smith will become "Jane Smith,
Ph.D."
68
SEARCHING
3. Insert string at beginning of field. The contents of
the field are indicated by an asterisk (*). The
concatenation operation by the plus sign (+):
Field Replacement string
Global
NAME: Mr. +*
ADDRESS:
PHONE:
AGE:
The string "Mr. " will be inserted before all names in
the Name field. "John Smith" will become "Mr. John
Smith".
4. Erase contents of a field. This is a specific case of
the standard search and replace. The contents of the
field are indicated by the asterisk (*). The field is
replaced with a null (empty) string:
Field Replacement string
Global
NAME:
ADDRESS: *=
PHONE:
AGE:
69
3by5 Chapter 5
Running Update
After you have entered the update strings press <Esc> and
the following menu will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Start< Quit
Start update
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [Q] to return to the Search Key Screen. Press [S]
to start the Update process. The first record that matches
the search key will be found modified and displayed. The
following prompt will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Save< Bypass Auto Quit
Save update; continue manual search
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [S] and the file will be updated with the modified
record.
Press [B] to bypass (do not save) the modified record and
continue the search.
Press [A] to save the updated record and automatically
modify all other records found. This feature allows you to
verify the first few changes, then you can automate the
procedure.
Press [Q] to return to the Search Key Screen.
70
CHAP06.DOC
PRINTING
CHAPTER 6 - PRINTING
PRINT COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Search >Print< Files Windows Utilities Quit
Print Form Sheet Direct Codes Hardware Top
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [P] in response to the Main Menu to issue any of
the following commands:
Print: Print a group of records.
Form: Specify the format for printing records.
Sheet: Define page length and margins.
Specify how records are split at page
boundaries.
Direct: Send text or codes directly to the printer.
Codes: Define the printer codes for underline and bold.
Hardware: Select the printer port.
Specify whether a carriage return and new line
feed are sent to the printer at the end of each
line.
Specify whether the program pauses before
printing a new page.
Top: Set the printer to the top of a page.
71
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT COMMAND: PRINT MENU
_____________________________________________________________________
>Print< Form Sheet Direct Codes Hardware Top
Print records from a file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Print Menu's Print Command is used to print a group
of records to a printer, the screen or a file. The records
are printed by record number and may be sorted alpha-
betically. To print a group of records by a search key,
use the Search Command.
Press [P] to print. If more than one file is open, the
program will ask you to select the file for printing. It
will then ask for the range of records to print.
Type the starting record number and press <Enter>. Then
type the ending record number and press <Enter>.
The program will then ask you:
_____________________________________________________________________
From file FILENAME print records:
Sort records? (Y/N)
_____________________________________________________________________
If you press [N], the program will start printing the
records in numerical sequence.
If you pressed [Y] to sort the records, the program will
begin to sort the records by the first line of text if there
are no fields in the file. Otherwise, the program will
display the names of the fields and ask for primary and
secondary sort fields. If you want to sort by one field
alone, just press <Enter> in response to the secondary field
prompt.
72
PRINTING
Aborting printing: To abort a printing session, press
<Esc>. The program will ask you to confirm the command.
Press [Y].
73
3by5 Chapter 6
FORM COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print >Form< Sheet Direct Codes Hardware Top
Select print format
_____________________________________________________________________
This command is used to specify a format for printing
records. Formats for printing records are stored as
standard 3by5 file records and are called PRINT FORMS.
In response to the Print Command, press [F] for the Form
Command. The program will ask you for the number of
the file that contains the Print Form:
____________________________________________________________________
File:
Enter number of file with Print Form. 0 = standard listing
____________________________________________________________________
Type the file number. The program will then ask for the
number of the record that contains the Print Form you
want to use. Type the record number and press <Enter>.
The Print Form will be loaded into memory and any
records printed will be printed in the format specified by
that record.
If you want to reset the program to the standard format
for printing, type [0] <Enter>.
Selecting a Print Form While Searching
Alternatively, you may load a Print Form while searching.
After the record is located, the Search Command Menu will
be displayed at the bottom of the screen. Press [L] to
load the record.
74
PRINTING
STANDARD FORM
The standard Print Format is to print one record after
another. The record number is printed before the
record, all fields are included and the record is followed by
a blank line. There is a six line top margin with the name
of the file on the second line and a six line bottom
margin. For example:
75
3by5 Chapter 6
_____________________________________________________________________
A:\PROGRAMS.3X5
4
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include five variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
5
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
6
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
_____________________________________________________________________
76
PRINTING
Many other formats are possible. The formats are stored
in standard 3by5 Print Form Files. These files have the
extension "PFM". Your 3by5 master diskette has a file
FORMS.PFM with sample Print Forms. The forms will be
reviewed as an introduction to printing with 3by5. Once
you load a Print Form into memory, you may close the file
that contained the Print Form.
Print Forms define the way in which text will be printed.
Any text in the form will be printed. The "@" symbol is
used as an instruction for printing specific information
(e.g. fields, field names, file names, etc.)
77
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 1
_____________________________________________________________________
@A<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record one of FORMS.PFM contains the simplest Print
Form. It is designed for printing from a file with no fields
or at most one field (e.g. file PROGRAMS.3X5).
The "@A" on the first line indicates that the contents of
field A will be printed. The field letter must be in upper
case for the contents to be printed. In this case file
PROGRAMS.3X5 has no fields and the entire record is
considered to be field A.
The "<" symbol indicates the carriage return mark that
results from pressing the <Enter> key.
If a field is longer than one line, the following lines of
print will be adjusted downward.
This Print Form will result in one record being printed
after another. Assuming that the Sheet Command settings
are unchanged, there will be a top margin of six blank
lines and a bottom margin of six blank lines.
No spaces will be printed between records.
The results of using this FORM with file PROGRAMS.3X5
are shown on the next page.
Note that there is a standard top margin of 6 lines and a
standard bottom margin of 6 lines. Since no headers or
footers were defined, there is no text in either the top or
bottom margins.
78
PRINTING
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include ten variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
_____________________________________________________________________
79
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 2 (Blank lines between records)
_____________________________________________________________________
@A<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record two of FORMS.PFM contains a record format that
is very similar to record one of FORMS.PFM. The only
difference is that there is a carriage return on line two.
This will result in a blank line being printed after each
record.
The results of using this FORM with file PROGRAMS.3X5
are shown on the next page.
In this case the blank line with a carriage return in the
form record causes a blank line to be printed between
records. If there were two blank lines in the Print Form
record, there would be two blank lines between records in
the printout.
80
PRINTING
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include ten variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
_____________________________________________________________________
81
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 3 (Record numbers)
_____________________________________________________________________
RECORD NUMBER: @#
@A<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record three of FORMS.PFM contains a record format that
is very similar to record two of FORMS.PFM. The only
difference is that the first line contains the text "RECORD
NUMBER:" and is followed by the symbol "@#". The text
"RECORD NUMBER:" will be printed on the line before
each reference and will be followed by the number of the
record. The "@#" symbol can appear anywhere on a Print
Form (except the header or footer).
The results of using this FORM with file PROGRAMS.3X5
are shown on the next page.
82
PRINTING
_____________________________________________________________________
RECORD NUMBER: 4
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include ten variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
RECORD NUMBER: 5
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
RECORD NUMBER: 6
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
_____________________________________________________________________
83
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 4 (Headers)
_____________________________________________________________________
@.<
@.RECORDS FROM FILE: @*<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@.<
REC# @#<
@A<
-------------------------------------------------------------------<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record four of FORMS.PFM contains a record format that
is similar to record three of FORMS.PFM. The differences
are:
Six header lines have been added. The symbol "@." at the
start of a line indicates a header or footer. If the
"@." symbol is at the top of a Print Form, it indicates a
header. If it is at the bottom of a Print Form, it
indicates a footer.
The second line of the Print Form is a header line. It
contains the text "RECORDS FROM FILE:", followed by the
symbol "@*". The symbol "@*" indicates that the name of
the file being printed should be included at that location.
Line nine of the Print Form has a dashed line. It will
separate records.
The results of using this FORM with file PROGRAMS.3X5
are shown on the next page.
A header may contain any text you want to print. It is
not necessary to include all the lines of a header. If you
do not specify the text for a header line, it will be printed
as a blank line.
84
PRINTING
_____________________________________________________________________
RECORDS FROM FILE: A:\PROGRAMS.3X5
REC# 4
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include ten variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
REC# 5
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
REC# 6
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
_____________________________________________________________________
85
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 5 (Headers and Footers)
_____________________________________________________________________
@.<
@.RECORDS FROM FILE: @*<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@* REC# @#
@A<
-------------------------------------------------------------------<
@.<
@.*****************************************************************
_____________________________________________________________________
Record five of FORMS.PFM contains a record format that
is similar to record four of FORMS.PFM. The first two
footer lines have been defined: the first footer line is
blank and the second contains a row of asterisks.
The results of using this Print Form with file
PROGRAMS.3X5 are shown on the next page.
As with a header, it is necessary to only define those lines
of a footer that you want to contain text (or other
characters such as the asterisks above).
Note that in this example, the file name and record number
are printed before each record. It is shown just to
demonstrate that a file name can be placed anywhere
within a record and anywhere on a page. The record
number was intentionally moved to the right side of the
page.
86
PRINTING
_____________________________________________________________________
RECORDS FROM FILE A:\PROGRAMS.3X5
A:\PROGRAMS.3X5 REC# 4
3by5 Starter Kit
Softshell Corp.
A good way to get started with free-text management systems.
Features include ten variable length fields per record, sort by
any field and the 3by5 Reference Manager.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
A:\PROGRAMS.3X5 REC# 5
3by5
Softshell Corp.
3by5 is an information management program that offers speed,
simplicity and versatility in entering, indexing and retrieving
free-text and structured data. Up to 26 variable length fields
per record are allowed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
A:\PROGRAMS.3X5 REC# 6
3by5 Plus
Softshell Corp.
With the release of 3by5 Version 5.0, the features of 3by5 Plus
have been incorporated into 3by5, and 3by5 Plus is no longer
published.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
********************************************************************
_____________________________________________________________________
87
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 6 (Multiple Fields)
_____________________________________________________________________
@.<
@.@*<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@a @A REC# @#<
@b @B<
@c @C<
<
@d @D<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record 6 of FORMS.PFM is designed for use with file
ADDRESS.3X5 of your 3by5 master diskette. ADDRESS.3X5
has four fields:
A: Name field
B: Address field
C: Phone number(s)
D: Comments
In this example the name of the file will be printed in the
second line of the top margin.
The "@a" symbol indicates that the name of the A field
should be printed, while the "@A" symbol indicates that the
contents of the A field should be printed. If the "@"
symbol is followed by a lower case letter, the name of a
field is printed; if it is followed by an upper case letter,
the contents of the field are printed.
The single carriage return on line 10 causes a blank line to
be printed between the telephone field and the comments
field. If a field contains several lines, the following lines
of print will be adjusted downward.
88
PRINTING
Record six of FORMS.PFM has the following Sheet
Command settings:
Page Length: 66
Left margin: 11
Right margin: 76
Top Margin: 6
Bottom margin: 6
Conditional: 1
The Sheet Command settings were entered into the record
by using the editor's Sheet Command function key
<Shift-F8>. See page 32 for more information.
The Conditional New Page value of 1 indicates that if
there is at least one line of text at the bottom of a page
(excluding the footer lines), the next record will be printed
on the current page and continued, if necessary, on the
following page. This minimizes the number of pages
required to print a group of records, but may result in
some records being split across page boundaries.
If records 1 through 10 from file ADDRESS.3X5 are printed
using this Print Form, record 6 will be split across page
boundaries.
Sheet Command settings entered into a Print Form using
the editor will over-ride the default settings defined by the
Print-Sheet Command.
89
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 7 (Conditional New Page)
_____________________________________________________________________
@.<
@.@*<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@.<
@a @A REC# @#<
@b @B<
@c @C<
<
@d @D<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record 7 of FORMS.PFM is designed for use with file
ADDRESS.3X5 of your 3by5 master diskette. It has the
same format as record 6, except that it has the following
Sheet Command settings:
Page Length: 66
Left margin: 11
Right margin: 76
Top margin: 6
Bottom margin: 6
Conditional: 0
The Conditional New Page value of 0 indicates that if
there must be enough room on a page for a record to be
printed, or the program will skip to the next page and
print the current record. This prevents records from being
printed across page boundaries, but may result in wasted
space at the bottom of each page.
If records 1 through 10 from file ADDRESS.3X5 are printed
using this Print Form, record 6 will be printed on a new
page.
90
PRINTING
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 8 (Mailing labels)
_____________________________________________________________________
@A<
@B
_____________________________________________________________________
Record 8 of FORMS.PFM is designed for use with file
ADDRESS.3X5 of your 3by5 master diskette. It will print
mailing labels containing the name and address fields. As
noted in Example 6, ADDRESS.3X5 has four fields:
A: Name field
B: Address field (street, city, state, zip, etc.)
C: Phone number(s)
D: Comments
Record 8 has the following Sheet Command parameters that
were set while editing the record:
Page length = 6 (assumes five lines per
label and one in between)
Left margin = 10
Right margin = 50
Top margin = 0
Bottom Margin = 0
Conditional = 6 (one record per label)
The above settings will eliminate the printing of a header
or footer (top and bottom margins = 0). Each label will be
treated as a page (Conditional New Page = Page Length).
See pages 32 and 96 for information on using the Sheet
Command.
The format of the record is simple. On line one the name
of the person in field A will be printed. On line two, the
address will begin. It may be up to 5 lines long. One
record is printed per page (label).
91
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM: EXAMPLE 9 (Printing Person Fields)
_____________________________________________________________________
Last_name, First_name: @A<
First_name Last_name: @A1<
First_name only: @A2<
Last_name only: @A3<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Record 9 of FORMS.PFM is designed for use with record
6 of file ADDRESS.3X5 of your 3by5 master diskette.
Record 6 of ADDRESS.3X5 has the name Wilkins, Robert P.
in the first field which is defined as a Person Field.
The contents of a Person Field are usually entered:
Last_name, First_name Middle_name or Middle_initial.
If the field letter is not followed by a digit, the contents
of the field are printed unchanged. If the field letter is
followed by the digit 1, the contents of the field are
printed First_name Middle_name or Middle_intitial
Last_name. If the field letter is followed by the digit 2,
only the first name is printed. If the field letter is
followed by the digit 3, only the last name is printed.
If Record 9 of FORMS.PFM is used as the Print Form for
printing Record 6 of ADDRESS.3X5, the following record
will be printed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Last_name, First_name: Wilkins, Robert P.
First_name Last_name: Robert P. Wilkins
First_name only: Robert
Last_name only: Wilkins
_____________________________________________________________________
92
PRINTING
APPENDING FIELDS
Sometimes you may want to append several fields
together. For example, you may have a file with the
following fields:
A Last name
B First name
C Street address
D City
E State
F ZIP Code
You can append the last name and first name fields
together to get one name. Similarly the City, State and
Zip Code fields can be appended.
The rule for appending fields is as follows:
After the initial "@" symbol, there is a field letter. This
is followed immediately by another "@" which may be
followed by a character to be printed or by another field
name.
For example:
@B@ @A will print the first name, a space,
and the last name.
@D@ @E@ @F will print the city, a space, the state,
a space, and the ZIP Code.
The ability to append fields has been added to 3by5 at the
request of users who sort 3by5 records by ZIP Code or
state and want to be able to print labels with the city,
state and ZIP Code on one line.
93
3by5 Chapter 6
PRINT FORM CODES
3by5 used the "@' symbol to signify a Print Form
command. The following codes may be used:
@A designates that the contents for field A will be printed
at the location of the "@" symbol. The field must be
specified as an upper case letter (i.e. A - Z).
@a designates that the name of the field will be printed at
the location of the "@"
(i.e. a - z).
@# designates that the current record number will be
printed at the location of the "@". The "#" symbol
may be followed by a "-" sign to specify that the
record number will be left justified.
A "0" (zero) designates zero filling of any blank
spaces.
Finally, a digit from 1 to 9 may be used to specify the
number of spaces in the record field. The rules are
those used by the C language function printf().
@* The current file name will be printed
@. The line is a header or footer
@$ The sheet format control line was used in Version 4.0
Print Forms to set margins for printing. With the
release of Version 5.0, Print Form margins are set
using the Sheet Command while editing (see page 32).
The sheet format control line created by earlier
versions of 3by5 can still be read by 3by5 V5.0. This
command can appear only as the first two characters
of the first line. It must be followed by the page
length, left margin, right, top margin, bottom margin,
and Form Parameter (Y or N). For example:
94
PRINTING
@$ 66 6 6 15 90 Y
Each parameter is separated by one or more spaces.
The order of the parameters is the same as that used
by the Sheet Command.
In the above example, the page length is set to 66, the
top and bottom margins to 6 lines each, the left
margin to column 15 and the right margin to column
90. The Form Parameter set to Y indicates that each
record will be printed on a separate page.
@= This symbol should appear at the end of a line. It
indicates that the contents of the line are to be
printed on the same line as the form line. The text
will not be adjusted in an upward or downward
direction.
@- This symbol should appear at the end of a line. It
indicates that the contents of the line should be moved
up to the last printed line of text.
\xxx A back slash followed by three digits is used to send
a printer code. The value of the three digits is sent to
the printer. For example, \027 is sent as 27 (the escape
code).
95
3by5 Chapter 6
SHEET COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print Form >Sheet< Direct Codes Hardware Top
Set sheet margins, pause and form options
_____________________________________________________________________
The Sheet Command is used to specify the number of lines
per page, the left, right, top and bottom margins. It also
specifies how records are split at page boudaries.
Press [S] to specify the Sheet Command. The following
screen will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
Page length: (0 - 66) 66
Left margin: (1 - 110) 11
Right margin: (11 - 120) 76
Top margin: (0 - 25) 6
Bottom margin: (0 - 25) 6
Conditional: (0 - 66) 1
<Esc> Cancel <F10> save
_____________________________________________________________________
Page length is the length of the page in lines. A standard
8.5 x 11 inch page has 66 lines (6 lines per inch). A 3by5
card has 18 lines per page.
Left Margin is the left margin for printing.
Right Margin is the right margin for printing. Any
attempt to print past the right margin results in a carriage
return and new line feed.
96
PRINTING
Top Margin is the number of lines the printer will leave at
the top of a page before printing records.
Bottom Margin is the number of lines the printer will leave
at the bottom of the page.
Conditional refers to Conditional New Page. It defines how
the printer splits records at page boundaries. The
Conditional New Page is the number of lines that must be
present at the bottom of the page before the program will
start printing a record.
If the Conditional New Page is greater than or equal to
the page length, each record is printed as a separate
page. For printing 3x5 cards or large records the Page
Length should be set to 18 lines and the Condition New
Page set to 18. If you are printing references on standard
8.5 x 11 inch paper, most likely you will want to print
several records on a page, in which case the Conditional
New Page should be set between 0 and 6.
If the Conditional New Page is set to 0 (zero) and there
are not enough lines remaining on the current page to
print the entire contents of the next record, the program
will skip to the next page.
Type in your new printer parameters and press enter after
each value. You may use the Up and Down Arrow keys to
move from one value to another.
When you are finished, press <F10> to save the new
values. Press <Esc> to cancel any values you have entered.
97
3by5 Chapter 6
DIRECT COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print Form Sheet >Direct< Codes Hardware Top
Type text or printer codes directly to printer
_____________________________________________________________________
The Direct Command allows you to type a line of text and
have it printed directly to the printer after you press
<Enter>.
Codes may be inserted by using a back slash followed by
three decimal digits for the code. For example, the line
\027\071<Enter>
will send codes 27 and 71 to the printer and will turn on
bold printing on an IBM or Epson dot matrix printer.
Press <Esc> when you are finished sending text or codes
directly to the printer.
98
PRINTING
CODES COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print Form Sheet Direct >Codes< Hardware Top
Set printer codes for underline and bold
_____________________________________________________________________
The Codes Command allows you to specify the printer
codes for printing bold text and for underlining. 3by5 bold
and underline commands are set for the IBM or Epson dot
matrix printer. If you have another printer, you can
specify the codes that will be sent to the printer for
printing bold text and for underlining.
Press [D] and the following prompt will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
Bold on: \027\071
Type command sequence and press <Enter>.
_____________________________________________________________________
This is the command sequence to start bold printing on
IBM and Epson dot matrix printers. You may type in any
code sequence up to 20 characters in length. Each code
character is formed by a "\" followed by three decimal
digits.
After you press <Enter>, the program will prompt you for
the command sequence to stop bold printing: "Bold off:
\027\072"
You may type a new command sequence or press <Enter> to
retain the current command sequence.
After you press <Enter>, the program will prompt you for
the command sequence to start underlining:
"Underline on: \027\045\001"
You may type a new command sequence or press <Enter> to
retain the current command sequence.
99
3by5 Chapter 6
After you press <Enter>, the program will prompt you for
the command sequence to stop underlining:
"Underline off: \027\045\000"
You may type a new command sequence or press <Enter> to
retain the current command sequence.
See your printer manual to determine the proper codes for
bold printing and underlining.
100
PRINTING
HARDWARE COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print Form Sheet Direct Codes >Hardware< Top
Set hardware parameters
_____________________________________________________________________
The Printer Hardware Command is used to specify the printer
port (0 - 3), whether a new line feed should be transmitted to
the printer after each carriage return, and whether the printer
should pause after each page. The default printer port is #1
and the default end of line is to send a carriage return and
new line feed.
Press [H] for the Hardware Command. The program will
display the following:
_____________________________________________________________________
Printer 1 New Line Feed Y Pause N
Printer number (0=Screen 1=Printer 1 2=Printer 2 3=Print File
_____________________________________________________________________
The default printer is number 1. If you want to direct
printing to the screen, just type [0] and all printing will
be directed to the screen. If you want to print to an
ASCII print file, press [3]. The program will ask for the
number of the open file to which printing will be directed.
Select a non-3by5 file.
The program will move to the New Line Feed prompt. If
your printer performs a new line feed after each carriage
return, type [N] in response to the New Line Feed prompt.
The program will move to the Pause prompt. Press [Y] if
you want the printer to pause after each page is printed.
This will allow you to insert another sheet of paper.
101
3by5 Chapter 6
TOP COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Print Form Sheet Direct Codes Hardware >Top<
Set printer to top of page
_____________________________________________________________________
The Top Command is used to direct 3by5 that you are
setting the printer to the top of a new page. It is used if
the paper is not aligned properly, if you change paper
while printing, or if you abort printing and want to start
on a new page.
Press [T] and the program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
Set printer to top of page.
Press <Enter> to continue.
_____________________________________________________________________
Manually position the paper to the top of the page, and
press <Enter>.
102
PRINTING
This page reserved for notes.
103
3by5 Chapter 6
104
CHAP07.DOC
CHAPTER 7 - FILE COMMANDS
FILES COMMAND MENU
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Search Print >Files< Utilities Quit
Open Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
_____________________________________________________________________
The Files Command Menu is entered from the Main Command
Menu by pressing [F]. The Files Command Menu will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Open< Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Open file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Open Command lets you open a 3by5 file or any ASCII,
WordStar or WordPerfect file. Only 3by5 files may be edited
from the 3by5 program. However, ASCII, WordStar and
WordPerfect files may be imported, into a 3by5 file.
Alternatively, 3by5 records may be exported to ASCII, WordStar
and WordPerfect files.
The Close Command is used to close an open file.
The Records Command is used to copy and move records from
one file to another. It is also used to erase records within a
file. The source and destination files may be 3by5, ASCII,
WordStar or WordPerfect files. If the source file is a 3by5
file, you may sort the records before transferring them to
another file.
The Records Command can also be used to sort and copy/print
records marked during a search.
105
3by5 Chapter 7
The List Command allows you to determine what files are on a
disk. You may use the List Command to open a file, rename
it, or erase it from the disk. The List Command can also be
used to navigate through directories.
The Dir Command is used to change the current directory
(and/or disk drive), make or remove directories, and list
subdirectories.
The Maintenance Command is used to index a 3by5 file that
has a damaged or deleted index file, or pack a 3by5 file that
has deleted records or wasted space.
The Fields Command is used to indicate which fields in a
record will be copied to another record in a different file or
redefine the fields in a file.
The Status Command is used to display additional information
about currently open files (e.g file size, index density.
106
FILE COMMANDS
Open files are assigned a number from 1 to 5:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
Dir: A:\
>Open< Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Open file
_____________________________________________________________________
File numbers are used to refer to the open files and help
you avoid typing the name of the file each time you want
to issue a command.
After a file is opened, the file drive, directory path, file
name and extension will be displayed.
107
3by5 Chapter 7
3by5 FILE TYPES
3by5 stores your text in files on hard disk or diskette.
3by5 files come in pairs: a SOURCE FILE that contains
text and structured data, and a companion INDEX FILE.
The various types of files are designated by the file
extension:
File Type Source Index
Extension Extension
Standard 3by5 3X5 MAP
Letter LET IET
Document DOC IOC
Macro MAC IAC
Print Form PFM IFM
Reference REF IEF
Reference Style RFS IFS
3by5 Program PRG IRG
ASCII text TXT (no index)
Print PRN (no index)
Microsoft Word MW (no index)
Wordstar WS (no index)
WordPerfect WP (no index)
108
FILE COMMANDS
FILES-OPEN Command
_____________________________________________________________________
>Open< Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Open file
_____________________________________________________________________
You may open up to five 3by5 or other files at one time.
When a 3by5 file is opened, its companion index file is also
opened. The index file is not included as one of the five files
that may be opened.
Press [O] to open a file, and the program will prompt you to
enter the name of the file to open.
Type in the name of the file that you want to open. If the
file is on a disk drive that is not the default DOS drive,
include the disk drive using standard DOS file specification
(e.g. B:FILE1). If the file is in a directory other than the
default directory, include the directory path. For example:
C:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2\FILENAME
If you enter a file name without an extension, the program will
assume that the file is a 3by5 file and append the extension
"3X5".
If the file is NOT a 3by5 file and does not have an extension,
place a "." (period) after the file name to indicate that the file
has no extension and is not a 3by5 file.
For example, "FILE1" will open the file FILE1.3X5, while
"FILE1." will open the file FILE1. "FILE1.WS" will open the
file FILE1.WS.
If the file is found, it will be opened. If the file is not a
standard 3by5 file, the program will ask you for the file type
(ASCII, WordStar or Word Perfect).
The List Command may also be used to open files.
109
3by5 Chapter 7
BUILDING A 3by5 FILE
If you attempt to open a file that does not exist, you will be
asked whether you want to build the file:
_____________________________________________________________________
Unable to open file. Do you want to build the file? (Y/N). Y
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [Y] to build the file.
If one or more files are open, the program will prompt
you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: filename
Build like file (0-5): 0 = new file
_____________________________________________________________________
This prompt allows you to build a file similar to one that
is already open. The file parameters (e.g. file type, record
length, number and name of fields) of an open file may be
used to build the new file. You may modify any of the
parameters.
If you want to use an open file as a model for building a
new file, type the number of the file.
110
FILE COMMANDS
If not, press [N], and the program will display the file
types and ask you to specify a type:
_____________________________________________________________________
File Types:
A 3by5
B Letter
C Document
D Reference
E Reference Style
F Print Form
G Macro
H Program
I Mark
J ASCII, WordStar, WordPerfect
Select file type: A
_____________________________________________________________________
If the file is a non-3by5 file, see page 123.
If the file is a Letter, Document, Print Form or Program
File, see page 116.
If you select a Standard 3by5, Reference, Reference Style,
or Macro file, the program will ask you to define the
fields. The following screen will be displayed:
111
3by5 Chapter 7
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
FILENAME
Name Type Format/Mask Name Type Format/Mask
A N
B O
C P
D Q
E R
F S
G T
H U
I V
J W
J X
L Y
M Z
Field Name:
<Esc> Cancel <F10> Save <F3> Delete Field <F4> Insert Field
_____________________________________________________________________
A field name may be from 0 to 8 characters long. Type
the name of the field, and press <Enter>. The program
will prompt for the field type:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Free< Line Number Date Time Mask Person
Free-form text
_____________________________________________________________________
112
FILE COMMANDS
The field types are:
FREE-TEXT: You can type any text in this field. Multiple
lines of text may be entered.
LINE: You may type only one line of text in this field.
The program will prompt for the maximum number of
characters in the field.
NUMBER: This field is used to enter only numeric data or
blank spaces. If you select this field type, the program
will ask for the field length (up to 24 characters). After
you specify the field length, the program will ask for the
number of spaces to the right of the decimal place. Enter
0 (zero) if the number is an integer.
DATE: This field is used to enter dates in a fixed format.
If you select this field type, the program will ask for the
date mask. The date mask is entered using dd, mm, mmm,
yy, and yyyy characters. For example:
mm/dd/yy 01/12/52
mm/dd/yyyy 01/12/1952
mm-dd-yy 01-12-52
dd.mm.yyyy 12.01.1952
mmm-dd-yyyy Jan-12-1952
The date field may be up to 15 characters long.
TIME: This field is used to enter time in a fixed format.
If you select this field type, the program will ask for the
time mask. The time mask is entered using hh, mm, and ss
characters. For example:
hh:mm 15:30
hh:mm:ss 01:20:33
The time field may be up to 15 characters long.
113
3by5 Chapter 7
MASK: This field type is used to enter numeric and
alphanumeric data in a fixed format. The # character
specifies that a number (0 to 9) may be entered. The ?
character specifies that any alphanumeric character may be
entered. The ! character specifies that any alphabetic
character will be converted to upper case (other characters
are not converted).
For example:
###-###-#### 123-345-4567
IBM CODE: ??;### IBM CODE: AD;3423
!#! #!# N9B 3P4
The mask field may be up to 15 characters long.
PERSON: This field is used to enter a person's name. The
name is entered in the format:
Last_name, First_name, Middle_name.
Last_name, First_name, Middle_initial.
Last_name, First_initial, Middle_name.
Last_name, First_initial, Middle_initial.
This format allows you to sort on this field by last name,
then first name. When the field is printed, you may
specify the format in which the name is to be printed.
For example:
Shell, John M.
Shell, J.M.
John M. Shell
114
FILE COMMANDS
Multiple Fields
After you define a field, the program will move you to the
next field. Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to move to
any previously defined field to modify it.
After you are finished defining fields, press <F10>.
You do not have to define any fields in a file. A file
without fields can be used to store text notes, print forms
or memos.
115
3by5 Chapter 7
Record Size
The next step in building a file is defining the record size.
The following menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
2x4 >3x5< 4x6 5x7 Page VLR Other
512 bytes
_____________________________________________________________________
With this menu you define the size of each record in the
file. This is an important number. Once you specify it
for a file, it cannot be changed.
The following standard, fixed length record sizes are
available:
2x4 256 bytes
3x5 512 bytes
4x6 1024 bytes
5x7 2048 bytes
Page 4800 bytes
The default record size is 512 bytes. This number of
characters is sufficient for most references and addresses.
The standard variable length record size is 256 bytes
(minimum record length with a maximum length of 4800
bytes). See page 143 for more information on variable
length records.
116
FILE COMMANDS
Other (User defined record lengths and index densities)
If you select Other, the program will ask whether the
records are fixed length or variable length. Select one or
the other. If you select fixed length, the program will ask
for the record size (all records will be the same size). If
you select variable length records, the program will ask for
the minimum record length (all records will be at least as
long as the minimum record length - see page 143 for more
information).
117
3by5 Chapter 7
Index Density
Next, the program will prompt you for the Index Density.
This is a number between 1 and 5 and determines the size
of the index for each record. Larger records should have
higher index densities. The relationship between Index
Density and index record size is:
Index Index Size per
Density Record (bytes)
1 32
2 64
3 128
4 256
5 512
You may change the index density of a file by re-indexing
it. The program will ask for the new Index Density. The
most efficient Index Density for a file is dependent upon
many factors. You can experiment with the Index Density
for a particular file to find which value gives you the
fastest searches.
The program will then build the 3by5 source file and its
companion index file.
118
FILE COMMANDS
OPENING A NON-3by5 FILE
You may open and search (but not edit) a standard ASCII
text file or a WordStar or WordPerfect file. If the
program opens the file and finds that it is not a standard
3by5 file, it will ask you for the file type:
_____________________________________________________________________
FILE TYPE: 1.ASCII 2.WordStar 3.WordPerfect
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [1], [2] or [3] to indicate the file type.
If the file is not a dBASE file, the program will then ask
whether the file is a numbered reference file. If you type
[N] the following questions will be asked:
119
3by5 Chapter 7
The program will first ask you for record delimiter (i.e. the
character or pair of characters that defines the end of a
record):
_____________________________________________________________________
RECORD DELIMITER: 1.<CR><CR> 2.<CR> 3.Form Feed 4.Other
_____________________________________________________________________
[1] Specifies that each record is separated by two carriage
returns (one blank line). Each record is equivalent to a
paragraph of text.
[2] Specifies that each record is separated by one carriage
return. Each record is equivalent to a line of text.
[3] Specifies that the each record is delimited by a Form
Feed. Each record is equivalent to a page of text.
[4] Specifies that a special character is used to delimit
records. For example:
Name: John Jones
DOB: 09/23/45
@
Name: John Smith
DOB: 01/12/52
@
The character "@" had been defined as the Record
Delimiter, each line from the name line to the line
with "@" will be considered a block of text (record).
120
FILE COMMANDS
After the record delimiter is specified, the program will
then ask:
_____________________________________________________________________
FIELD DELIMITER: 0.None 1.<CR> 2.PRN 3.MailMerge 4.Other
_____________________________________________________________________
[0] Indicates that there are no fields in the record.
[1] Indicates that each field is separated by a carriage
return.
[2] Indicates that the file is a 1-2-3 PRN file in which
fields are separated by commas and text field are
enclosed in quotation marks. This type of record may
be generated in Basic by using the Write command.
[3] Indicates that each field is enclosed in quotation marks
and separated by a comma.
[4] Indicates another character is used to separate fields.
If you select this option, the program will prompt you
for the character to be used to separate fields.
121
3by5 Chapter 7
Numbered Reference Files
If you specify that the file is a Numbered Reference File,
the program will ask you whether there are less than 100
references in the file. The answer to this question is used
to determine spacing of reference numbers when references
are written to the file.
Next the program will ask whether there is a blank line
between references. Type [Y] or [N] depending on the file.
Then the program will ask for the starting reference
number. This question allows you to start with a reference
number other than one when appending references to an
already existing file. Type the starting reference number
and press <Enter>.
122
FILE COMMANDS
BUILDING A NON-3by5 FILE
If you attempt to open a file that does not exist, you will
be asked whether you want to build the file:
_____________________________________________________________________
Unable to open file. Do you want to build the file? (Y/N)
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [Y] to build the file, [N] to jump back to the Files
Command Menu.
If you pressed [Y], and any files are open, the program
will ask you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: filename
Build like file (0-5): 0 = new file
_____________________________________________________________________
If one of the files is a non-3by5 file, type the number of
the file, and 3by5 will create the file on disk. Then you
will be asked for the file type and record delimiter.
123
3by5 Chapter 7
If no files are open, the program will ask you for the file
type:
_____________________________________________________________________
File Types:
A 3by5
B Letter
C Document
D Reference
E Reference Style
F Print Form
G Macro
H Program
I Mark
J ASCII, WordStar, WordPerfect
Select file type: A
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [J] to select a non-3by5 file. The file will be
opened, and the program will then ask you for the file
type:
_____________________________________________________________________
FILE TYPE: 1.ASCII 2.WordStar 3.WordPerfect
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [1], [2], or [3] to indicate the file type.
The program will then ask you for record delimiter and the
field delimiter. See the section on opening a non-3by5 file
for information on record and field delimiters.
124
FILE COMMANDS
FILES-CLOSE Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Open >Close< Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Close file
_____________________________________________________________________
Whenever you exit from 3by5 by using the Exit Command,
all open files are automatically closed.
If you are going to remove a diskette from its drive while
running 3by5, make certain that any files on that diskette
are closed before removing the diskette. This prevents
DOS from writing incorrect information to the new
diskette.
To close a file, press [C] in response to the Files Command
Menu. The program will ask you for the number of the
file to close. Type the number of the file that you want
to close.
125
3by5 Chapter 7
FILES-RECORDS Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close >Records< List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Copy, Move or Erase records (sort option)
_____________________________________________________________________
The Records Command is used to copy or move records
from a source file to a destination file or from one
location in a file to another. The Copy Command makes a
copy of the source record and does not affect the source
record. The Move Command makes a copy and then erases
the source record.
Records that are Copied or Moved from a 3by5 file may be
sorted prior to being placed in the destination file.
The Records Command is also used to erase groups of
records. When a record is erased, the contents of the
record are over-written with blank spaces (ASCII 32).
Records marked during a search may be copied to a
destination file. The marked records are treated as file 0.
Press [R] for the Records Command. The following prompt
will appear at the bottom of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Copy< Move Erase
Copy a group of records (source records are not changed)
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [C] to copy a group of records from one file to
another. There are three possible ways to copy records.
From a 3by5 file to another 3by5 file, from a non-3by5 file
to a 3by5 file and from a 3by5 file to a non-3by5 file.
Each will be considered separately.
126
FILE COMMANDS
Copying from one 3by5 file to another 3by5 file
Press [C] to copy records. The program will ask for the
source file. Enter the number of the source file. The
program will then prompt you for the destination file.
Enter the number of the destination file. (The source file
and destination file can be the same file.)
Next the program will ask for the source range. Type the
starting record number and press <Enter>. Then type the
ending record number and press <Enter>.
The program will then ask for the destination starting
record. Type the starting record and press <Enter>.
If you are copying more than one record, the program will
ask if you want to sort the records. Press [Y] to sort the
records. If you sort the records and the source file has
one or more fields, the program will display all fields in
the file and ask you to select a primary sort field. Select
the field by pressing the corresponding field letter. If the
file has two or more fields, the program will ask for the
secondary sort field. Press <Enter> if there is no
secondary sort field. Otherwise select the secondary sort
field. The program will then sort the records and copy
them to the destination file.
As the records are being copied, the program will display
the number of the source record being copied and the
number of the corresponding destination record.
At the bottom of the screen the program will prompt you
to press <Esc> to stop the copying process.
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3by5 Chapter 7
Copying Records from a Non-3by5 file to a 3by5 file
If the source file is a non-3by5 file, the program will
transfer all records into the 3by5 destination file. The
records will be appended to the end of the 3by5
destination file.
Copying Records from a 3by5 file to a non-3by5 file.
If the destination file is not a 3by5 file, the program will
append the records to the end of the file. The program
will prompt you for the range of records to be copied from
the 3by5 file. As with a 3by5 to 3by5 copy, you may sort
the records.
128
FILE COMMANDS
MOVING RECORDS
You may move records from a 3by5 source file to either a
3by5 destination file or a non-3by5 destination file. When
a record is moved, it is copied to the destination file, and
the original contents in the source file are erased. The
record is not deleted from the file and you may add text
to it at a later date.
The instructions for moving records are the same as for
copying records.
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3by5 Chapter 7
ERASING RECORDS
You may erase any group of records in a 3by5 file. The
program will prompt you for the starting number and the
ending number. It will then erase the contents of each
record. The index will be updated. A record that is
erased, remains in the file and new information may later
be added. During a Copy, Move or Pack Command, records
that have been erased are not copied to the destination
file.
130
FILE COMMANDS
FILES-LIST Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close Records >List< Dir Maintenance Fields Status
List of files in directory
_____________________________________________________________________
In response to the Files Command Menu press [L] to obtain
a listing of files in any directory. The program will
prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
List:
Type pattern for file. Press <Enter> for file list
_____________________________________________________________________
The program will inform you that you may press <F10> for
an extended list of the files (includes the file size and
date and time of creation or last update).
Type [*.3X5] <Enter> to list all 3by5 files with the
extension "3X5" in the current directory.
Type [*.*] <Enter> to list all files in the current
directory.
Type [*] <Enter> to list all 3by5 source files in the current
directory (files with extensions 3X5, LET, DOC, MAC, PFM,
REF, RFS and PRG).
The drive and directory path may also be specified (e.g.
A:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2\*.*].
After you press <Enter>, the current drive or directory will
be displayed and the files in the current directory will be
listed:
131
3by5 Chapter 7
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
Dir: A:\ Free:
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
(O)pen (E)rase (R)ename (C)hange directory (Q)uit
_____________________________________________________________________
If there are more files in the directory than can fit on the
screen at one time, you can use the <Down Arrow> key to
scroll through the files. Up to 120 files may be listed in one
directory.
To open a file, position the cursor bar to the file and press
[O]. The file will be opened. Similarly, files may be erased
from the diskette by pressing [E], or renamed by pressing [R].
If you attempt to erase or rename a file that is open, the
program will inform you that the file is open. You must first
close the file, before erasing it.
Subdirectories are marked by a terminal asterisk (e.g.
LEVEL2*). To change directories, position the cursor bar to
the directory and press [C].
132
FILE COMMANDS
Extended Listings
Press <F10> after typing the file pattern the following will be
displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
Drive A:\ Free:
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm | xxxxxx zzz mm-dd-yyyy hh:mm
(O)pen (E)rase (R)ename (C)hange directory (Q)uit
_____________________________________________________________________
xxxxxx is the name of the file.
zzz is the size of the file in bytes.
mm-dd-yyyy is the month, day and year of the creation
or last update.
hh:mm is the hour and minute of the creation or
last update.
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3by5 Chapter 7
FILES-DIRECTORY Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close Records List >Dir< Maintenance Fields Status
Directory Commands
_____________________________________________________________________
The Directory Command allows you to change the current
directory, or make or remove a directory. This command
is most useful for systems with hard disk drives, but may
be used on diskette based systems to specify the current
drive (e.g. A:\ or B:\).
Press [D] for the Directory Command. The following menu
will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Change< Make Remove List
Change current directory
_____________________________________________________________________
Changing the current directory
Press [C]. The program will display the current directory
if you have changed it previously while in 3by5. It will
then prompt you for the name of the current directory.
_____________________________________________________________________
Directory:
Change current directory
_____________________________________________________________________
Type the path (including disk drive) of the directory that
you want to select as the current one and press <Enter>.
The program will set that directory as the current
directory. If there were any errors, you will be informed.
134
FILE COMMANDS
For example, A:\ will select the A drive and the root
directory; C:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2 will select the C drive and
directory level2.
Making or Removing a Directory
The Make and Remove Directory commands work similarly
to the Change Directory command. The name of the
directory must start with the drive, colon and back slash.
For example, the command to remove the following
directory "A:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2 will remove directory
LEVEL2. All files in a directory must be deleted before it
can be removed.
Listing Directories
Press [L] to list the directories directly accessible from the
current directory. The Directory-List Command works
similarly to the Files-List Command.
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3by5 Chapter 7
FILES-MAINTENANCE Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close Records List Dir >Maintenance< Fields Status
Index Pack
_____________________________________________________________________
FILES-MAINTENANCE-INDEX Command
The Index Command is used to index a 3by5 file that does
not have an index file (e.g. it was deleted using the DOS
Erase Command) or used to re-index a 3by5 file in which
the index file was damaged (e.g. disk write error).
Press [I] to index a file. The program will list the open
files and you will be asked to select a file. Press <Esc> if
you do not want to index a file. Otherwise select a file.
The program will ask you to enter the index density.
Enter a number between 1 and 5.
The program will then start to index the file. The number
of the record being indexed will be displayed at the bottom
of the screen.
Non-3by5 Files cannot be indexed.
136
FILE COMMANDS
FILES-MAINTENANCE-PACK Command
The Files-Maintenance-Pack Command removes wasted space
from Fixed Length Record and Variable Length Record
files. This includes records that have been erased and
wasted space that develops during the modification of
Variable Length Records.
Press [P] for Pack. The program will ask you to specify
the disk drive and directory that the program will use for
its temporary files. The free space on the disk drive
should be at least as much as that occupied by the Source
and Index Files being Packed.
After you specify the disk drive, the program will start the
packing procedure, which may take some time. You will be
informed of the program's progress.
Variable Length Record Files should be packed when the
amount of wasted space exceeds 20% of the file size.
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3by5 Chapter 7
FIELDS COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close Records List Dir Maintenance >Fields< Status
Filter Redefine
_____________________________________________________________________
The Fields Command is used to filter (specify) fields that
will be copied to another file, or redefine the fields in a
file.
FILES-FIELDS-FILTER Command
The Fields Command is used to specify fields that will be
copied from one record to another. For example, you may
have a reference file with the following fields:
REF
CODE
KEYWORDS
COMMENTS
The REF field contains the authors, title and source in any
standard format suitable for publication. The CODE field
contains the code number under which you file the article.
The KEYWORDS field contains keywords that do not appear
in the title, but are useful in retrieving the document.
The COMMENTS field contains your comments on the
reference.
Suppose that you want to copy only the text in the REF
fields to a file for editing with your word processor. The
Fields Command is used to specify that when a record is
copied from the file only the text in the REF field is
copied. The destination file may be another 3by5 file, a
WordStar or WordPerfect document file or an ASCII text
file.
Press [F] to issue the Fields Command. If more than one
138
FILE COMMANDS
file is open, the program will ask you to enter the number
of the file for the Fields Command. The program will then
list the letter and name of the fields in the file:
_____________________________________________________________________
Fields in NEWREF.3X5
A REF
B CODE
C KEYWORDS
D COMMENTS
Fields to copy:
Type order of fields for copying. Empty line = all fields
_____________________________________________________________________
At the bottom of the screen the program will ask you to
type the order of the fields to be copied. If you enter a
blank line, the program will copy all fields in the same
order as they are in the file.
If you type [C] <Enter> only the KEYWORDS field will be
copied to another file.
You can specify the order of the fields. For example: if
you type [ADB] <Enter>, any records copied to another file
will include the REF field, the COMMENTS field and the
KEYWORDS field in that order.
The asterisk is used to insert a blank field. The "+"
character is used to concatenate two or more fields. The
"+" character followed by a "~" is used to concatenate a
carriage return to a field.
For example, the command [AC+~+B**D] <Enter> will copy
field A, concatenate the contents of field C, a carriage
return and the contents of field B and copy them as one
field, insert two blank fields in the destination file, and
139
3by5 Chapter 7
then copy the contents of field D.
FILES-FIELDS-REDEFINE Command
Press [R] to redefine the fields in a file. The program will
request the number of the file to use. Select the file.
If the file is a 3by5 file, the program will display the
fields in the file. You may modify the field types, field
formats and insert/delete fields. However, 3by5 does not
automatically change the contents of previously entered
data to match the new fields definitions. This must be
performed manually.
If the file is a non-3by5 file, the program will ask you to
redefine the fields.
140
FILE COMMANDS
STATUS COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Open Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields >Status<
Display status information on open files
_____________________________________________________________________
The Status Command is used to display information on an
open file. Press [S] to issue the command. If one file is
open, the status information will be displayed. If more
than one file is open, the program will ask you to enter
the number of the file. Type the number of the file and
the following information will be displayed:
File name: The drive, path and name of the file.
File type: If the file is a 3by5 file that was created
by a version of 3by5 before 4.0, the type
will be listed as 3by5OLD. Old source
files should be converted to the 4.0 format
by building a new file, and then using the
Files-Record-Copy Command to copy all
records to the new file.
Index: Indicates the type of index for the file.
All 3by5 files use Signature Screening
indexes (designated by a "Sig").
Record Size: Maximum length of each record if the file
has fixed length records. Minimum length
of each record if the file has variable
length records.
Fields: Up to 26 fields may be designated in a
3by5 file.
Records: The number of records in a file.
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3by5 Chapter 7
If the file is a variable length record file, the program will
display the number of unused bytes in the file.
If the file is a non-3by5 file, the record and field
delimiters will be displayed.
142
FILE COMMANDS
VARIABLE LENGTH RECORDS
Variable length records have the advantage of reducing
wasted disk space. For example, if you are using standard
fixed length records of length 1000 bytes and have a
record with only 200 characters, then 800 bytes of disk
space are wasted.
The procedure for building a file is the same as that for a
standard 3by5 file except that the program will ask for the
minimum record size rather than the maximum record size.
The reason for requesting a minimum record size is as
follows.
As you add records to a 3by5 file, the records are
appended to the end of a file. In the diagram below the
file has 6 variable length records:
--------------------------------------
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
--------------------------------------
If you later want to update a record in the middle of a
file (e.g. record 4) there must be enough room for the
updated record. If you shorten the length of the record or
do not change its length, then the updated record is stored
in the original location:
--------------------------------------
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
--------------------------------------
* record 4 updated in place
If the updated record is longer than the original record,
the program must append the updated record to the end of
the file and delete the data where the old record was:
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3by5 Chapter 7
-----------------------------------------------
| 1 | 2 | 3 |xxx| 5 | 6 | 4 |
-----------------------------------------------
*deleted data *new position of
record 4
Pointers in the index file allow you to read the file in the
original order of the records even though the sequential
order of the records has changed.
Assigning a minimum record length assures you that you
will be able to update most records in place. For example,
you may have a file that you update frequently. Most
records are on average 250 characters long, but some are
as long as 2000 characters. Assigning a minimum record
length of 250 bytes would allow you to update most records
in place.
When a record is modified beyond its minimum length, it is
appended to the end of the file, and the disk space
occupied by the original record is erased and is not used.
If you have frequent updates of this type, there can be a
considerable waste of disk space.
The File Status Command will inform you of the amount of
unused file space. If this number becomes too large, the
records in the file should be "packed" into another file
using the Files-Maintenance-Pack Command.
Alternatively, you can use the Files-Records-Copy
Command. For example, if the file is called REF, build a
new file (e.g. NEWREF) of the same type (same minimum
record length, fields, etc.). Copy all records from REF to
NEWREF. No deleted data will be copied to the new file.
You must use the 3by5 File Copy Command. The DOS
Copy Command will copy the entire 3by5 file and will not
eliminate any wasted space.
144
CHAP08.DOC
WINDOWS
CHAPTER 8 - 3by5 WINDOWS
The window area of the 3by5 screen between the 3by5
Status Line and the Command Menu may be divided into
two separate windows. The top window contains eleven
lines of text, the bottom window contains ten lines of text.
A solid line separates the windows:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5
Top Window
_____________________________________________________________________
Bottom Window
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
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3by5 Chapter 8
The Windows Command is issued from the Main Menu. No
task can be on hold. Press [W] and the program will
display the following menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>One< Two
One window
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [O] to display all text in one window (the default
setting for 3by5).
Press [T] for two windows. The program will display the
following menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
File Window
1 T
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 T
T = Top window; B = Bottom window; Press <F10> to save
_____________________________________________________________________
Specify either the Top window or Bottom window for each
file. Text while editing and searching a file will be
displayed in the window specified for the file.
When you are finished specifying windows, press <F10> to
save the changes. Press <Esc> to bypass any changes.
146
CHAP09.DOC
CHAPTER 9 - UTILITIES
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Search Print Files Windows >Utilities< Quit
Screen Load Run DOS
_____________________________________________________________________
The Utilities Command is used to configure 3by5 screen
options, load reference style, print form and macro records,
or execute a child process (run another program) and then
return to 3by5).
UTILITIES-SCREEN Command
The options included are the speed of screen display and
screen color.
Press [U] for the Utilities command and the following menu
will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Screen< Load Run DOS
Screen display utilities
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [S] for the Screen Display Utilities, and the
following screen will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Speed< Text Underline Highlight Commands
Screen display speed
_____________________________________________________________________
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3by5 Chapter 9
SPEED OF DISPLAY
Normally 3by5 writes directly to video ram for fast
updating of the screen. This method of updating the
screen creates screen noise on some equipment (e.g. an
IBM PC with a color graphics card). If there is
considerable noise on your screen during editing, set the
Slow display option to "Y" for yes. All screen output will
be slowed to reduce noise on the screen.
_____________________________________________________________________
Slow display (Y/N): N
Slow display reduces screen noise
_____________________________________________________________________
COLOR COMMANDS
The Color Commands are used to adjust the color of the
screen. These commands may be used if you do not have a
color monitor, but the results are unpredictable.
The Color command line will appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Text< Underline Highlight Commands
Text color
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [T] to select text color, [U] to select Underline
color, [H] to select the Highlight color and [C] to select
the Command Line and 3by5 Status Line color. The
following menu will appear:
148
UTILITIES
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Utilities
Color Code
A Black
B Blue
C Green
D Cyan
E Red
F Magenta
G Brown
H White
I Gray
J Light Blue
K Light Green
L Light Cyan
M Light Red
N Light Magenta
O Yellow
P White (High Intensity)
TEXT COLOR Background color: A Foreground color: H
Background codes: (A - H)
_____________________________________________________________________
Only codes A through H may be used for the background
code. Press the code letter you want to select and the
program will then prompt you for the Foreground Color
(i.e. the color of the letters):
_____________________________________________________________________
TEXT COLOR Background color: A Foreground color: H
Foreground codes: (A - P)
_____________________________________________________________________
Press the code letter of the color you want to select for
the foreground color of the window. If the background
and foreground colors you selected are the same, the
program will inform you that they cannot be the same
color (the characters would not be visible) and you will be
asked to repeat your selection.
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3by5 Chapter 9
UTILITIES-LOAD Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Screen >Load< Run DOS
Print Macro Reference
_____________________________________________________________________
The load utility is used to load a Reference Style record,
Print Form record or Macro record into memory. Press [L]
and then [R], [P] or [M] to load a Reference Style record,
Print Form record or Macro record.
The program will ask for the number of the file. Select
the file. Then type the number of the record to be loaded
and press <Enter>. The record will be loaded into memory
and you will be returned to the Main Menu.
Alternatively, you can load a record while searching a file
by using the Search-Load Command.
150
UTILITIES
UTILITIES-RUN Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Screen Load >Run< DOS
Run a 3by5 program file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Utilities-Run Command runs a 3by5 program.
Press [R]. The program will ask you to specify the file.
Type the name of the file or enter the file name.
Next the program will ask for the record number. Type
the record number and press <Enter>.
3by5 Program Files are described in Chapter 11.
151
3by5 Chapter 9
UTILITIES-DOS Command
_____________________________________________________________________
Screen Load Run >DOS<
Run a program in DOS
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [D] to run a program in DOS. The following menu
will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Command< One
Run programs in DOS; type [EXIT] <Enter> to return to 3by5
_____________________________________________________________________
If you press [C], DOS will start a secondary command
processor that can be used to execute any number of
programs. The screen will clear and the DOS prompt will
be displayed (e.g. A>). When you want to return to 3by5,
type [EXIT] <Enter>. See Command in your DOS manual
for more details.
If you press [O] for one program only, the program will
prompt you for the name of the program to execute. Type
the name of the program and press <Enter>. When the
child process is finished, you will be returned to the 3by5
Main Menu.
152
CHAP10.DOC
CHAPTER 10 - QUIT COMMAND
QUIT COMMAND
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Search Print Files Windows Utilities >Quit<
Quit 3by5
_____________________________________________________________________
The Quit Command is used to end a 3by5 session and exit
to the operating system. If any files are open, it is
important to always use the Quit Command when you are
finished since it automatically closes all files.
IF YOU HAVE ANY OPEN FILES, DO NOT REMOVE THE
SOURCE FILE DISKETTE(S) UNTIL YOU HAVE EXITED
FROM THE PROGRAM BY USING THE QUIT COMMAND.
The above restriction applies only to 3by5 source file
diskettes. The 3by5 program diskette may be removed from
the disk drive as soon as the program is loaded since the
3by5 program is completely loaded into memory.
In response to the Main Menu press [Q] for the Quit
Command. The following message will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>No< Yes
Do not quit; continue 3by5
_____________________________________________________________________
If you press <Enter> or [N] you will be returned to the
Main Menu.
If you press the space bar, the following prompt will
153
3by5 Chapter 10
appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
No >Yes<
Quit 3by5
_____________________________________________________________________
Press <Enter> or [Y] to close all open files and return to
DOS. Alternatively, press [N] to return to the Main Menu.
154
CHAP11.DOC
PROGRAM FILES
CHAPTER 11 - 3by5 PROGRAM AND START-UP FILES
You can create Program Files that give 3by5 instructions.
A Program File can set parameters (such as auto line feed
after a carriage return and the default window for editing
or searching a file), open files, and type text.
The instructions in a Program File are executed by one of
two methods:
1. The Utilities-Run Command is used to specify a
Program File and record number to be executed.
2. The Program File name is specified at the start of the
3by5 program. The record of the Program File is
loaded into memory and executed. This special type of
Program File is called a Start-up File. If the name of
the Program File is 3BY5AUTO.PRG, 3by5 will open the
file automatically and execute record one of the file.
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3by5 Chapter 11
A Program File contains a series of 3by5 commands in the
exact order that you would enter them if you were
interactively typing 3by5 commands.
Take, for example, a Program File that has the following
contents:
FOREF~FOADDRESS~`
The commands work as follows:
F issues the Files Command
O issues the Open Command
REF is the name of the 3by5 file to open
~ represents the <Enter> key that you press
to indicate that you have finished typing
the name of the file
ADDRESS is the name of the second 3by5 file to be
opened.
~ represents the <Enter> key.
` represents the <Esc> key that returns you
from the Open Command to the Main
Menu.
156
PROGRAM FILES
The rules for making a Program File are:
1. The file is a 3by5 file with a record length 512
bytes and contains one or more records.
2. The instructions in the Program File should be the
same as you would type when starting 3by5. The
only differences are:
a. Use ~ to represent the <Enter> key.
b. Use ` to represent the <Esc> key (This is the
accent mark, not the apostrophe)
3. The commands can be no longer than 512
characters in length.
4. Comments can be inserted into the record. The
comment starts with /* and ends with */. For
example: /*comments*/
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3by5 Chapter 11
Creating a 3by5 Program File is simple:
1. Place your 3by5 program diskette in drive A and
start 3by5.
2. Use the Files Command to open a file called
TEST.PRG. If the file does not exist, build it. It
is a standard 3by5 file with a record length of 512
characters per record.
3. Edit the first record of the file.
4. Type [FOREF~ADDRESS~`] <Enter>.
5. Save the record.
Use the Utilities-Run Command to execute the program.
158
PROGRAM FILES
Technical Note
Once 3by5 starts to execute a Program File record, it
processes all characters in the record until it reaches the
end of the record. In the above example when the file
REF.3X5 is not present, the program continues to read the
characters "ADDRESS~`" in response to the question:
"Do you want to build this file? (Y/N)"
Since no "y" or "n" is present in the program record, the
program exhausts the characters in the record and returns
control to the keyboard at the build query.
If the Program File had been: "FOREF~NEWREF~``" and
the file REF.3X5 were not present, the following would
happen: First, the program would try to open REF.3X5.
Then it would ask whether you want to build the file -
expecting a "Y" or "N" response. It would read the "N" in
NEWREF as an "N" to not build the file. It would then
process the rest of the record (EWREF~``) incorrectly.
For this reason, it is important that the files you want to
open be present on the appropriate disk drives.
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3by5 Chapter 11
START-UP FILES
A Program File that is executed when 3by5 is loaded is
called a Start-up File. You may specify the name of the
Start-up File on the DOS Command Line or, if no file is
specified, 3by5 will search the current directory for a file
called 3BY5AUTO.PRG.
The Start-up Files can be in a directory other that the
current directory if you use the DOS Set Command. The
path for the Start-up Files can be specified as follows:
From the DOS Command Line type:
A>SET 3BY5AUTO=A:\LEVEL1\LEVEL2
where the text to the right of the equal sign is the path
for the 3by5 Start-up Files.
The Set Command may be placed in your DOS
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. See your DOS Manual for more
information on the Set Command and AUTOEXEC file.
160
PROGRAM FILES
SAMPLE PROGRAM FILE
Your 3by5 Master diskette contains a file called
JOHN.PRG. It is a sample 3by5 Program File.
You may use it one of three ways:
1. User Selected Start-up File
From the DOS prompt load 3by5 by typing:
A>3by5 john.prg<Enter>
2. Default Start-up File
Use the DOS Rename Command to change the name to
3BY5AUTO.PRG.
From the DOS prompt load 3by5 by typing:
A>3by5<Enter>
When you start 3by5 using this file, new printer parameters
will be set, the Slow Display option will be set to "Y" and
the files ADDRESS.3X5 and PROGRAMS.3X5 will be
opened. It is only an example and you may modify it to
fit your requirements.
3. Utilities-Run Command
The file JOHN.PRG must be open. From the Main Menu
press [U] for utilities, then [R] for run. The program will
prompt you to select the program file if more than one
program file is open. Then it will ask for the record
number of the Program File to run. Type the number and
press <Enter>.
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3by5 Chapter 11
SPECIAL KEY SEQUENCES
Special key sequences (e.g. Function Keys) can be entered
in the 3by5 Start-up File by using the back slash character
"\" along with a three digit code. The code value is equal
to the IBM BIOS key scan code plus 256. For example, the
scan code for the <F4> key is 62 and it can entered as
"\318". The back slash must be followed by three decimal
digits. Two back slashes in a row "\\" are treated as one
back slash. Chapter 12 of this manual lists the codes for
special sequences.
162
PROGRAM FILES
DOS COMMAND LINE
3by5 searches the DOS command line for text and treats
any text preceeded by an asterisk (*) as the contents of a
3by5 Start-up file. For example:
A>3by5 *FOREF~REFSTYLE~`
The text "FOREF~REFSTYLE~` will be considered an Start-
up File. After the 3by5 title screen is displayed, the
program will perform the following as though you were
typing.
Characters Significance
F File Command
O Open Command
REF Name of file to open
~ Enter command (carriage return)
REFSTYLE Name of second file to open
~ Enter command (carriage return)
` Esc command that returns you to previous
menu (in this case, the Main Menu)
To try this example, set the default drive to A. Put your
new diskette in drive A and type:
3by5 FOREF~REFSTYLE~`
There must be a space after "3by5". The program will load
and display the 3by5 Title Screen. Press any key to
continue and the program will automatically open REF.3X5
and REFSTYLE.3X5.
If you enter text on the DOS Command Line, 3by5 will
execute the commands and will ignore any Start-up Files.
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3by5 Chapter 11
164
CHAP12.DOC
CHAPTER 12 - MACROS, LEARN COMMAND AND
EXTENDED CHARACTER SET
3by5 provides Macros that can be used to speed data entry
or perform a sequence of routine commands.
A 3by5 Macro file consists of a 3by5 file with 26 fields: A
through Z. Each record in the file can contain a set of
macros that can be loaded into memory. This means that
the maximum size of a set of macros is limited to 4800
bytes. Larger macros may be simulated by using the
Utilities-Run Command.
Macros A through W and Y may be executed by holding the
<Alt> key and pressing the corresponding letter. The
contents of the macro will be entered as though you typed
them at the key board.
There are two special macros: <Alt-X> and <Alt-Z>.
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3by5 Chapter 12
<ALT-X> Extended Character Set Macro
The <Alt-X> macro is used to execute the Extended
Character Set Macro. This macro is used to enter
characters beyond the standard ASCII range (e.g. Greek
and European characters).
Press <Alt-X>, and the following menu will be displayed at
the bottom of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 comes with a file called MACRO.3X5. It contains
several macro sets of general use.
Select a subset of extended characters by pressing A
through Z. The program will then display the characters
available. Press the letter above the character to be
entered.
166
MACROS
<ALT-Z>
The <ALT-Z> command is used to display the first line of
any of the available macros. Press <ALT-Z> and the
following menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Contents of macro dislpayed on this line
_____________________________________________________________________
Use the space bar, the back space key or the cursor key
to move to any letter and the first line of each macro will
be displayed. Type the corresponding letter or press
<Enter> and the selected macro will be executed.
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3by5 Chapter 12
Designing Macros
A 3by5 macro file has records with 26 fields. The fields
are named A through Z. Macros follow the same rules as
3by5Auto files.
The ~ character is used to indicate the <Enter> key.
The ` character is used to indicate the <Esc> key.
Special key sequences can be entered in 3by5 macros by
using the back slash character "\" along with a three digit
code. The code value is equal to the IBM BIOS key scan
code plus 256. For example, the scan code for the <F4>
key is 62 and it can entered as "\318". The back slash
must be followed by three decimal digits. Two back
slashes in a row "\\" are treated as one back slash. The
Basic manual that comes with the computer lists the key
scan codes for the function keys.
The last instruction of a Macro may be a call to another
Macro or the execution of a 3by5 Program File Record.
168
MACROS
LEARN COMMAND
The Learn Command can be used to store key strokes in
the Temporary Text Buffer 3by5 uses for copying and
moving blocks of text. Commands and text are stored
together.
Press <Ctrl-F10> and the temporary buffer will be cleared
of all text and commands. The message "LEARN" will be
displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Any text or commands you type will be stored in the
Temporary Text Buffer. As an example, make a copy of
your 3by5 diskette and erase the file AUTO3BY5.PRG if it
is present. The files REF.3X5 and REFSTYLE.3X5 should
be on the diskette. The default disk drive should be A.
Place the diskette in drive A and type
3by5 <Enter>
The program will be loaded into memory and the 3by5 Title
Screen displayed. Press any key to continue, and the Main
Menu will be displayed. Press <Ctrl-F10> and the message
"LEARN" will be displayed. Next type:
F for the Files Command.
O for the Open Command.
REF <Enter> to open REF.3X5
REFSTYLE <Enter> to open REFSTYLE.3X5.
<Esc> to return to the Main Menu
U for the Utilities Command
L for the Load Command
R to load a Reference Record
2 to select file 2 (REFSTYLE) as
the Reference Style File.
9 <Enter> to select record 9
F for the Files Command
C for the Close Command
2 to close file 2 (REFSTYLE)
<Esc> to return to the Main Menu
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3by5 Chapter 12
Now press <Ctrl-F10> to turn off the Learn Command.
Then build an AUTO3BY5 file as follows:
Type [F] to for the Files Command, [O] for the Open
Command and then type [AUTO3BY5.PRG] <Enter> The
program will ask if you want to build the file. Type [Y].
Build a file with no fields and a record length of 256
bytes). Edit record one of the file. The record should be
blank and the cursor should be at Line 1 Column 1. Press
<Ctrl-F4> to retrieve the text in the 3by5 temporary
buffer. The text will appear as follows:
foref~refstyle~`ulr29~fc2`
Note that ~ represents the <Enter> key and ` the <Esc>
key.
Save the record: press <Esc> then press S.
Exit 3by5 and then restart the program, the new
AUTO3BY5 file will be loaded and its instructions executed
(files REF.3X5 and REFSTYLE.3X5 will be opened, the
reference style for Science will be loaded into memory and
REFSTYLE.3X5 will be closed). It is not necessary to close
the Reference Style File after loading a reference style.
The Learn Command may also be used to develop macro
commands. Use <Ctrl-F4> to load the commands into a
Macro record that you are editing.
170
MACROS
Macro codes for special key sequences
Key Code Key Code
Alt-A \286 Alt-N \305
Alt-B \304 Alt-O \280
Alt-C \302 Alt-P \281
Alt-D \288 Alt-Q \272
Alt-E \274 Alt-R \275
Alt-F \289 Alt-S \287
Alt-G \290 Alt-T \276
Alt-H \291 Alt-U \278
Alt-I \279 Alt-V \303
Alt-J \292 Alt-W \273
Alt-K \293 Alt-X \301
Alt-L \294 Alt-Y \277
Alt-M \306 Alt-Z \300
Alt-1 \376 Alt-6 \381
Alt-2 \377 Alt-7 \382
Alt-3 \378 Alt-8 \383
Alt-4 \379 Alt-9 \384
Alt-5 \380 Alt-0 \385
Key Code
Ctrl-Cursor Lt \371
Ctrl-Cursor Rt \372
Ctrl-End \373
Ctrl-Pg Down \374
Ctrl-Pg Up \388
Cursor Left \331
Cursor Right \333
Cursor Up \328
Cursor Down \336
Del \339
End \335
Ins \338
Pg Down \337
Pg Up \329
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3by5 Chapter 12
Key Code Key Code
F1 \315 F6 \320
F2 \316 F7 \321
F3 \317 F8 \322
F4 \318 F9 \323
F5 \319 F10 \324
Shift-F1 \340 Shift-F6 \345
Shift-F2 \341 Shift-F7 \346
Shift-F3 \342 Shift-F8 \347
Shift-F4 \343 Shift-F9 \348
Shift-F5 \344 Shift-F10 \349
Ctrl-F1 \350 Ctrl-F6 \355
Ctrl-F2 \351 Ctrl-F7 \356
Ctrl-F3 \352 Ctrl-F8 \357
Ctrl-F4 \353 Ctrl-F9 \358
Ctrl-F5 \354 Ctrl-F10 \359
Alt-F1 \360 Alt-F6 \365
Alt-F2 \361 Alt-F7 \366
Alt-F3 \362 Alt-F8 \367
Alt-F4 \363 Alt-F9 \368
Alt-F5 \364 Alt-F10 \369
172
MACROS
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173
3by5 Chapter 12
174
CHAP13.DOC
CHAPTER 13 - LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS
STANDARD LETTERS AND MEMOS
3by5 can be used to write individual or form letters and
memos. Standard letters and memos are entered into files
with the extension "LET". These files contain the print
sheet settings for the letters so there is no need to use a
print form when typing.
FORM LETTERS
Form letters can be printed by typing the letter as a Print
Form. On your diskette you will find a file called
FORMLET.PFM. It is a Print Form File that contains two
sample print forms. The first Print Form is:
175
3by5 Chapter 13
_____________________________________________________________________
@$ 66 11 76 6 6 66<
@.<
@. SOFTSHELL<
@. 1254 Thornbury Road<
@. West Chester, PA 19380<
@. <
November 1, 1988<
<
<
<
@A
@B
<
Dear Sir:<
<
This letter is a reminder that 3by5 can be used to write
form letters to clients. The method is simple. The form
part of the letter is stored in a print form file.
<
In this example, our company's name and address are printed
in the header. The letter is written in block style. The
name and address of the recipient are printed, then the sal-
utation, and then the body of the text. Other formats are
possible.
<
<
Sincerely<
<
<
<
John Shell<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
It is designed to be used with the ADDRESS.3X5 file.
176
LETTERS AND DOUCUMENTS
Open ADDRESS.3X5. Then specify FORMLET.PFM as the
Print Form File and select record two as the Print Form.
Then print records one to two in file ADDRESS.3X5.
The Print Form contains the body of the text. The @A
symbol indicates that the first field (NAME) of
ADDRESS.3X5 should be printed, and the @B symbol
indicates that the second field (ADDRESS) should be
printed.
The form letter is printed with margins of 11 and 76 as
specified by the Sheet Command Line (first line of the
Print Form).
177
3by5 Chapter 13
DOCUMENT FILES
This file type is reserved for future 3by5 enhancements.
Document Files are designed to contain one document.
These files can be used while preparing text for later use
with a word processor (copy the contents of the Document
file into an ASCII, WordStar or WordPerfect file.
178
LETTERS AND DOUCUMENTS
This page reserved for future updates.
179
3by5 Chapter 13
180
CHAP14.DOC
CHAPTER 14 - REFERENCE MANAGER
INTRODUCTION
Researchers often cite the same reference in several papers
written for different journals. Usually, each journal has
its unique bibliographic style. The 3by5 Plus Reference
Manager helps you rearrange the elements in references
(journals, books and book chapters) to meet the
requirements of a publisher's bibliographic style.
If you need only one reference format for all your
publications, it is not necessary to use the Reference
Manager. Just enter each reference in a field. For
example:
REF McKusick, VA and Ruddle, FH: The status
of the gene map of the human
chromosomes. Science 196: 390-405, 1977.
KEYWORDS GENETICS; HGM
COMMENTS Several updates to this classic paper.
If, however, you publish in journals that have different
formats, you should use the Reference Manager.
The Reference Manager is designed to be as flexible as
possible. It will handle most reference styles. In a few
cases you may need to make minimal changes to the
reformatted reference to meet a publisher's requirements
(much easier than retyping each reference).
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3by5 Chapter 14
3by5 owners: If you cannot find a reference format on the
disk that meets your needs, send us a copy of the format
(samples of the reference style from the journal) and a
blank diskette with return postage. We will design a
format for you or modify the program to include the
format. If you are having trouble converting your
references to our format, send us a copy on disk with
return postage, and we will help develop a conversion
routine.
182
REFERENCE MANAGER
USING THE REFERENCE MANAGER
The easiest way to learn how to use the 3by5 Reference
Manager is by example.
First place a DOS system diskette in drive A and turn on
your computer. The A> prompt should be present. Then
place a copy of the 3by5 Master Diskette in drive A. Type
[3by5] <Enter>. After the program loads, press any key to
continue. Then press [F] for the Files Command and then
[O] for the Open Command. Type [ref] <Enter> to open
the sample reference file. Then type [refstyle] <Enter> to
open the Reference Style File (a file containing various
formats for references). Then press <Esc> to return to the
Master Menu.
SPECIFYING THE REFERENCE STYLE
Method A: Using the Utilities Command
Press [U] for utilities. The program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Screen< References
Screen display utilities
_____________________________________________________________________
Type [R] for the Reference Manager. The program will
then ask you for the number of the Reference Style File.
Press [2]. Then the program will ask you for the number
of the record that contains the reference style format that
you want to use. Press [9] for record nine, which contains
the format for the journal Science. The program will load
the record into memory and return you to the master
menu.
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3by5 Chapter 14
Method B: Using the Search Command
Press [S] to search a file. Type [2] <Enter> to search file
REFSTYLE.3X5. The Search Key prompt will be displayed.
Type [science] <Enter> to search for the journal Science.
The reference style record for Science will be displayed
and the Search Command Menu displayed at the bottom of
the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Search<Edit Key Forward Backward Goto Print Write Load Quit
Continue search
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [L] to load a record. The following prompt will be
displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Print< Reference
Load print form
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [R] to load the current record into memory as the
Reference Style record that will be used to format the
references in REF.3X5. Then press <Esc> three times to
return to the Main Menu.
184
REFERENCE MANAGER
Searching Reference Files
Press [S] to search a file. Type [1] <Enter> to select file
one for searching. When the program asks for the search
key press <F2> to search all records. The first record will
be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
AUTHORS Anderson, J.R.; Boyle, C.F.; Reiser, B.J.
TITLE Intelligent Tutoring Systems
SOURCE Science
YEAR 1985
VOLUME 228
PAGES 456-462
PUB_CO
PUB_LOC
EDITORS
EDITION#
CODE
KEYWORDS
COMMENTS
STYLE J. R. Anderson, C. F. Boyle, B. J. Reiser, Science
228, 456 (1985).
_____________________________________________________________________
Note that the record has 14 fields. The last field contains
the reference in the style for the journal Science. This
field can be written to another file or printed. Normally,
you do not edit this field. The program inserts the
reformatted reference in this field.
The first ten fields are mandatory and must be named
AUTHORS, TITLE, SOURCE, YEAR, VOLUME, PAGES,
PUB_NAME, PUB_LOC, EDITORS and EDITION# (in upper
case letters).
There must be at least one additional field (STYLE) which
is always the LAST field in the record. Do not enter data
into this field; the program will insert the reformatted
reference into this field.
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3by5 Chapter 14
You may have additional fields between the PAGES field
and the STYLE field. In the above example three fields
are included: CODE, KEYWORDS and COMMENTS.
The SOURCE field contains either the name of a Journal or
Book. The TITLE field contains either the title of an
article in a journal or a chapter in a book. The Reference
Manager distinguishes among the three by the following
rules:
Book: If there is no text in the TITLE field, the reference
is considered a book reference.
Journal: If there is text in the TITLE and SOURCE fields,
but none in the EDITORS field, then the reference is
considered a journal reference.
Chapter: If there is text in the TITLE and SOURCE fields
and in the EDITORS field, the reference is considered a
chapter in a book.
Press [S] to continue the search. Review the other
references in REF.3X5. When you are finished press <Esc>
three times to return to the Main Command Menu. Press
[U] for utilities and then [R] for the Reference Manager.
Select file 2 for the Reference Style File and select record
7.
Press [S] to search. Select file 1. Press <F2> to browse
through the file. You will see that the format of the
reference has changed considerably. It is in the format
used by the New England Journal of Medicine.
186
REFERENCE MANAGER
RULES FOR ENTERING DATA INTO REFERENCE FIELDS
The rules for entering data into fields in a reference file
are:
AUTHORS: Format 1: Last name, a comma, a space, initial
of first name, a period, initial of middle name,
a period and the initial of the 2nd middle name
(if any) followed by a period.
For example: Jones, J.R.W.; Smith, J.
Format 2: Last name, a comma, a space, first
name, middle name, 2nd middle name.
For example: Jones, John Richard William
Smith, Luke C; Doe, J. Mark
Use a carriage return or semicolon and space to
separate authors.
TITLE: Title of journal article or chapter in a book.
The first letter of nouns and verbs should be
capitalized. An @ in front of the leading letter
of a word will insure that the letter is not
converted to lower case (e.g. @DNA will not be
converted to dNA).
SOURCE: Enter the name of the journal or book. The
first letter of nouns and verbs should be
capitalized. Journal abbreviations should be
followed by periods (e.g. N. Engl. J. Med.).
YEAR: Enter the year as four digits (e.g. 1977).
VOLUME: Enter the volume number in Arabic numerals
(e.g. 12 or 111).
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3by5 Chapter 14
PAGES: Enter the page numbers (Arabic numerals)
separated by a hyphen. (e.g. 23-29). If there
is only one page it must be entered as two (e.g.
22-22). If the pages field is left blank, then no
page numbers are transferred to the reformatted
reference.
PUB_CO: Enter the Publisher's name.
PUB_LOC: Enter the location of the publisher (e.g.
Reading, Mass.).
EDITORS: Enter the names of the editors of a book using
the same format as that used for authors.
EDITION#: Enter the edition number in arabic numerals
(e.g. 33). The edition number may range from 1
to 99.
188
REFERENCE MANAGER
USING THE REFERENCE MANAGER TO PREPARE
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
The preferred method of using the reference manager is to
direct your reformatted references to another file. This
file is usually a WordPerfect, WordStar or ASCII file
(although it could be a 3by5 file or the printer). The
output file can be incorporated into your manuscript and
edited as needed.
The steps for copying reformatted references are:
STEP 1
Open your Reference Style File and select the format that
you want to use. For example, open REFSTYLE.3X5 as the
first file. Press [U] for the Utilities Command. Then
press [R] for the Reference Manager. Select file 1 and
then select record 9 (Science format).
After you have retrieved the reference format you may
close the Reference Style File so that you can open a
maximum number of reference files. This step is an
option. You may keep the Reference Style File open if
you want.
STEP 2
Open one or more source reference files. For example
open REF.3X5. This file (or files) will be the source of
your references.
STEP 3
Open an output file. For example open "TEST.REF" as a
file. When the program cannot locate the file, it will ask
you whether you want to build it. Type [Y]. It will then
ask you whether it is a 3by5 file. Press [N]. It will build
189
3by5 Chapter 14
the file and ask you the file type.
Select the file type. The program will then ask:
Numbered reference file? (Y/N) N
Press [Y] if you want the references numbered.
If you specify that the references are numbered, the
following questions will be asked:
First, the program will ask whether there are less than
100 references in the output file. This question allows
the program to indent the reference numbers appropriately.
Press [Y] or [N].
Next it will ask whether there is a blank line between
references. Press [Y] or [N].
Lastly, it will ask the starting number of the first
reference. Type the starting reference number (usually 1)
and press <Enter>.
Press <Esc> to return to the Main Menu.
STEP 4
The Main Menu should be present. Press [F] for the Files
Command. Then press [F] for the Fields Command. Select
the source reference file. The program will display the
fields in the file. Type only the letter of the last
field in the record and press <Enter>. (For REF.3X5 you
would type [N] <Enter>.) Only the contents of the last
field (STYLE) will be copied from the source file to any
destination file.
190
REFERENCE MANAGER
STEP 5
Copy records from the source reference file to the
destination file. You may use the File Records Command
to copy a range of records or use the Search Options to
search and selectively write references to the destination
file.
After you have copied records to the destination file, you
can edit the file with your word processor. The references
may be appended to a manuscript.
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3by5 Chapter 14
SELECTING A REFERENCE STYLE
The file REFSTYLE.3X5 has numerous reference styles for
your use. You can browse through the file and should be
able to select a style that you need.
The following two paragraphs apply only to 3by5 owners:
If you cannot find a style format that you require,
Softshell will design a format for you. All you have to do
is send a sample of the reference style (from as many
journals as necessary) and a diskette with return postage.
We will design a format for you or modify the program if
needed.
The Reference Style format has changed considerably since
version 3.1, and the rules are much more complicated. For
this reason, and the fact the Reference Style codes may
change in the future, we prefer to design a format for you.
If, however, you want to design your own formats, the
information on the following pages will guide you through
the design process.
192
REFERENCE MANAGER
REFSTYLE CODES AND STRUCTURES
The following technical information is for those who want
to design their own reference formats for use with 3by5.
INTRODUCTION
The 3by5 Reference Manager was developed to handle
references for scientific publication in which 95% of
references consist of journal articles, books and chapters
within books. The Reference Manager is also used by
many users for non-scientific reference management (legal,
business, liberal arts).
References consist of one or more of the following
elements:
Authors
Title (article or chapter)
Source (journal or book)
Year (date of publication)
Volume
Pages
Publisher
Editors
Edition number
For example, a journal article consists of authors, title,
source (journal), year, volume and pages, while a book
consists of authors, source (book name), publisher, location,
editors, edition number and pages.
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3by5 Chapter 14
References have two major levels of organization:
Level one: arrangement of elements within reference. The
elements of a reference may be arranged in numerous
permutations:
Folstein S, Abbott MH, Moser R, Parfad I, Clark A,
Folstein M. Hereditary disorders of dystonic movement
- a phenocopy of Huntington's disease: lucunar infarcts
of the corpus striatum. Johns Hopkins Med J 1981;
148:104-113.
S. Folstein, M. H. Abbott, R. Moser, I. Parfad, A.
Clark, M. Folstein, Johns Hopkins Med. J. 148, 104
(1981).
Folstein, S., Abbott, M. H., Moser, R., Parfad, I.,
Clark, A. & Folstein, M. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 148,
104-113 (1981).
Folstein, S., Abbott, M. H., Moser, R., Parfad, I.,
Clark, A., & Folstein, M. (1981). Hereditary disorders
of dystonic movement - a phenocopy of Huntington's
disease: lucunar infarcts of the corpus striatum. Johns
Hopkins Med. J., 148, 104-113.
Formats consist not only of the order of elements within a
format, but the characters that separate elements: periods,
semicolons, comas, spaces etc.
Level 2: Organization of sub-elements with each element.
For example, authors may be formatted in many different
ways:
Abbott MH
M. H. Abbott
Abbott, M. H.
194
REFERENCE MANAGER
Reference Style Format.
The American Psychological Association reference style is a
good example of a reference style format:
_____________________________________________________________________
JOURNAL AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION STYLE
SAMPLE Spetch, M. L., & Wilkie, D. M. (1983). Subjective shortening: A
model of pigeons' memory for event duration. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 9, 14-30.
Bernstein, T. M. (1965). The careful writer: A modern guide
to English usage. New York: Atheneum.
Hartley, J. T., Harker, J. O., & Walsh, D. A. (1980). Contemporary
issues and new directions in adult development of learning and
memory. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Aging in the 1980's: Psychological
issues (pp. 239-252). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
FORMAT @A (@Y). @T. @S, @V, @P.~@A (@Y). @S@N. @L: @H.
@A (@Y). @T. In @E (Ed@#), @S@N (@P). @L: @H.
AU_CODE ABCDEFGHIJK
2AUconj , &
3AUconj , &
ETAL 0,0~0,0~0,0~0
TI_CODE L~L~L
SO_CODE U
VOL_CODE S~Sp. ;pp. ~Sp. ;pp.
PAGECODE
PUB_CODE
LOC_CODE
ED_CODE DEFGHIJKLCA
ED#_CODE ~ (@O ed.)~ (@O ed.)
_____________________________________________________________________
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3by5 Chapter 14
The record has 15 fields. Each field except the first
contains information for the following formats:
Journal
Book
Chapter in a book
The formats are separated by carriage returns or ~'s. For
example:
FORMAT @A (@Y). @T. @S, @V, @P.~@A (@Y). @S@N. @L: @H.
@A (@Y). @T. In @E (Ed@#), @S@N (@P). @L: @H.
The journal format (@A (@Y). @T. @S, @V, @P.) is
separated by a ~ from the book format (@A (@Y). @S@N.
@L: @H.) which is separated by a carriage return from the
chapter format
(@A (@Y). @T. In @E (Ed@#), @S@N (@P). @L: @H.).
JOURNAL (FIELD A)
This field lists the journal, journals or organization that
uses the format specified in the record. In the above
example the organization is the American Psychological
Association. This format is used by many journals.
SAMPLE (FIELD B)
This field contains sample references. The purpose of the
field is to allow you to pick a journal that has the same
reference style as the one you are looking for, or one that
is similar so that you can create a new Reference Style
Format.
196
REFERENCE MANAGER
FORMAT (FIELD C)
This field contains the level 1 (general) format of the
reference. The format for journals, books, and book
chapters are included in this field. Each is separated by a
carriage return or ~.
The following symbols are used:
@A = Author field
@T = Title field (journal article or book chapter)
@S = Source field (journal or book)
@Y = Year field
@V = Volume field
@P = Page field
@H = Publisher (publishing house)
@L = Location of publisher
@E = Editors
@# = Number of editors
@N = Edition number
Where one of these symbols appears, the contents of the
appropriate field will be placed. Any other characters in
the Format Field are included directly in the reference
(e.g. periods, colons, spaces, and abbreviations such as
Vol.).
In the APA example, the Format Code for a journal article
is "@A (@Y). @T. @S, @V, @P." The authors are placed
first, followed by a space; then an opening parenthesis,
the year of publication, a closing parenthesis, a period and
a space, next the title followed by a period and a space;
then the source (in this case journal), a period, space and
the volume number, comma, space; finally, the page
numbers and a period.
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3by5 Chapter 14
AU_CODE (FIELD D)
The AU_CODE field specifies the order in which each
author's name will be printed. The elements of each
author's name are:
A Last name
B comma
C space
D First initial
E period
F space
G Second initial
H period
I space
J Third initial
K period
L space
M reserved
N reserved
O First name
P Middle name
Q Additional middle name
For example:
_____________________________________________________________________
A BCDEFGHIJKL
| |||||||||||
Jones, R. F. G.
_____________________________________________________________________
A is the last name "Jones"; B is the comma after the name
Jones, C is the space after the comma and so on.
198
REFERENCE MANAGER
THE NAME OF EACH AUTHOR MUST BE ENTERED
INTO A REFERENCE RECORD IN THE ABOVE
FORMAT, EXCEPT THAT THE SPACES BETWEEN
INITIALS ARE NOT INCLUDED. THE REFERENCE
MANAGER ADDS THESE TO THE NAME.
In the above example the author's name would be entered
as "Jones, R.F.G." and the program would expand it to
"Jones, R. F. G.".
2AUconj (FIELD E) Two Authors
This field specifies the punctuation and conjunction used to
join authors in a reference when there are only two
authors. For example:
Spetch, M.L., & Wilke, D.M.
Abbritton, Robert B. and Jarol B. Menheim
It is important to include spaces in the field. In the APA
format, the 2AUconj = ", & ". The conjunction "&" is
followed by one space. In the second example there is a
space before and after the conjunction "&".
3AUconj (FIELD F) Three or more Authors
This field specifies the punctuation and conjunction used to
join the last author to the other authors in a reference.
It is important to include spaces in the field. In the APA
format, the conjunction format for 3 or more authors is
the same as for 2.
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3by5 Chapter 14
ETAL (FIELD G)
This field consists of two digits separated by a comma.
The first digit indicates the number of authors allowed in a
reference before using the abbreviation et al. and the
second digit indicates the number of authors to be placed
before the et al. For example, the code "3,1" indicates
that if a reference has more than three authors, the
abbreviation et al. should be used. The 1 indicates that
the first author's name will be printed before inserting et
al. The code "3,2" would print the first and second
authors' names before inserting et al.
TI_CODE (FIELD H)
This field contains one of three codes:
L: All letters of the title will be converted to lower case
except for the first letter of the title. Any upper case
letter preceded by a "@" symbol will always be in
upper case. The "@" symbol will not be included. For
example: "Modern art in the USA" would be converted
to "Modern art in the uSA", while "Modern art in the
@USA" would be converted to "Modern art in the
USA".
A: The title will be included as is (i.e. no modification of
the title) in the reference record.
N: The title will not be included.
200
REFERENCE MANAGER
SO_CODE (FIELD I)
The first letter of the Source Code field contains one of
two codes:
A: Include the source as it is in the reference record.
For example: "J. Wildl. Manage." for Journal of
Wildlife Management.
D: Delete periods after abbreviations unless the period is
preceded by a "@" symbol. For example: "J Wildl
Manage" for Journal of Wildlife Management.
The second letter of the Journal Code Field may be a "U"
that indicates that the journal should be underlined.
For example, the code "AU" indicates that the journal
name is to be printed as it is (with periods after
abbreviations) and it will be underlined.
The 3by5 Reference Manager cannot abbreviate Journal
names automatically. If you enter a journal as "Journal of
Wildlife Management", it cannot be automatically converted
to "J. Wildl. Manage."
VOL_CODE (FIELD J)
The Volume Code field can be blank or it can contain a
"B" to indicate that the volume will be printed in bold.
201
3by5 Chapter 14
PAG_CODE (FIELD K)
The Page Code Field can contain one of three commands:
S: Standard page format. First page, a hyphen and the
last page. For example: 836-839.
F: First page only. For example: 836.
C: Compress the last page. For example: 836-9.
PUB_CODE (FIELD L)
The Publisher Code field is reserved for future use.
LOC_CODE (FIELD M)
The Location Code field is reserved for future use.
ED_CODE (FIELD N)
The Editor Code field specifies the order in which each
editor's name will be printed. The Editor Codes are the
same as those used for the Author Code field. Note that
in the example of the APA format, the Author Code
(ABCDEFGHIJK) is different than the Editor Code
(DEFGHIJKLCA).
ED#_CODE (FIELD O)
The Edition Number Code field specifies the way in which
the edition number of a book will be printed. Editions
numbers can be converted to ordinal format (e.g. 1st, 2nd,
3rd, 4th) by using the code @O. In the APA format the
Edition Number Code " @O ed." will be converted to " 1st
ed.", " 2nd ed.", " 3rd ed.", " 4th ed.", etc.
202
REFERENCE MANAGER
This page reserved for notes.
203
3by5 Chapter 14
204
FILE1298.TXT
Disk No: 1298
Program Title: 3by5 Starter Kit version 5.0 (Disk 2 of 2)
PC-SIG version: 2.1
This program is an information handling system that allows your computer
to act like a very efficient 3x5 card system, thus it's name. This
program would be great for keeping track of small pieces of information
such as a patient listing or small library card catalog.
The 3by5 Starter Kit offers you the following features:
o Fields - up to 10 variable length fields.
o Sort records by one field.
o Improved indexing for records greater that 512 bytes.
o Multiple print formats for mailing labels, 3by5 cards etc.
o Start-up Files that will automatically open your files and set printer
parameters, etc.
o Directory commands Change, Make, Remove and List directories.
o List files on a disk from within the program along with the date and
time last modified, and file size.
o Report generator. Print records in a user defined format.
o Reference Manager. Enter journal, book and chapter references in a
standard format and the 3by5 Reference Manager will rearrange them
into the style required by any journal.
o Correspondence Manager. Handles all your correspondence needs:
writing letters, mail merge, correspondence follow-up.
o Field definitions. Specify Free-text, Line, Numeric, Date, Time, Mask
and Person fields.
o Macros. Insert predefined text or issue commands sequences with a
single key stoke. Limit of ten user defined macros.
o Manual on Disk.
o Technical support by the author by mail only.
Usage: Business.
Special Requirements: None.
How to Start: Type GO (press enter).
Suggested Registration: $69.95
File Descriptions:
???????? DOC Manual (16 files).
README Brief direction on how to print documentation.
PC-SIG
1030D E Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale Ca. 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1989 PC-SIG, Inc.
GO.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk No: 1298 3by5 Starter Kit version 5.0 (Disk 2 of 2) >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ ║
║ To print the manual, type: ║
║ ║
║ MANUAL (press enter) ║
║ ║
║ To run the program, insert disk #253 and type: ║
║ ║
║ 3BY5 (press enter) ║
║ ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
INDEX.DOC
INDEX
Pages
Adding records 21
AUTO3BY5.PRG 160
Automatic start-up 160
Block Command 29
Bold Command 26
Browsing 41
Building a 3by5 file 110
Building a non-3by5 file 123
Close Command 125
Codes (special key sequences) 171
Color settings 148
Conditional New Page 97
Copy Command (between files) 127
Copy Command (within a file) 127
Copy Command (within a record) 29
Copy Fields (while searching) 61
Correspondence (Letters and Memos) 175
Count Command 36
Creating a 3by5 file 110
Creating a non-3by5 file 123
Cursor movement 25
Date Command 36
Directory (Files) Command 134
Document Files 178
DOS Command 152
DOS Command Line 163
Edit Command 21
Editing records 21
Environment (DOS) 14
Equipment needed to run 3by5 9
Erase Command (erase record) 130
Erase Command (erase text within a record) 30
Extended Character Set (Macros) 166
Extended Character Set (Searching) 55
Extended Character Set Codes 171
Field Command (On/Off while editing) 36
Field Types 113
Fields Filter Command 138
Fields Redefine Command 140
Files Command 105
Files Maintenance Command 136
Filled Field Search 54
INDEX
Pages
Help 19
Hold Command (while editing) 37
Index Command 136
Insert Command (insert a block of text) 31
Introduction program 15
Learn Command 169
List Command 131
Load Command (Utilities) 150
Load Command (while editing) 36
Load Command (while searching) 60
Macros 165
Margins (editing) 32
Margins (printing) 96
Mark Command 60
Masks, Field 114
Menus 18
Move Command (between files) 129
Move Command (within a file) 129
Move Command (within a record) 30
Non-3by5 files 119
NULL Field Search 53
Numeric String Fields 113
Numeric Comparison Operators 51
Open Command 109
Pack Command 137
Print Codes Command 99
Print Command 71
Print Command (while editing) 31
Print Form Codes 94
Print Form Command 74
Print Hardware Command 101
Print Mailing Lists 91
Print Top Command 102
Printing while editing a record 31
Program Files 155
Quit Command (quit 3by5) 153
Quit Command (while editing) 38
Quit Command (while searching) 63
Records Command 126
Reference Manager 181
Reference Rules 187
Reference Style File 163
INDEX
Pages
Retrieve Command (while editing) 31
Saving a record (while editing) 38
Screen display: Slow display 148
Screen display: Color settings 148
Search Command 41
Search Command 47
Search Auto option 45
Search Display option 44
Search Mark option 45
Search keys (while editing) 28
Search Options 44
Set Command (DOS) 14
Sheet Command (editor) 32
Sheet Command (print default value) 96
Sorting while copying 127
Sorting while printing 72
Start-up Files 160
Status Command 141
Underline Command 27
Unmark Command 63
Update Command 65
Utilities Command 147
Variable length records 143
Windows 145
Write Command (write to Output File) 59
LIMITED WARRANTY
This program, instruction manual and reference materials are sold
"As Is" without warranty as to the performance, merchantability, or
fitness for any particular purpose. The entire risk as to the results
and performance of this program is assumed by the customer.
However, to the original customer only, the publisher warrants the
magnetic diskette on which the program is recorded to be free from
defects in materials and faulty workmanship under normal use for a
period of ninety days from the date of purchase. If during this
ninety day period the diskette should become defective, it may be
returned to the publisher for a replacement without charge (except for
postage and handling) provided the customer has previously sent in
customer's limited warranty registration form to the publisher or sent
proof of purchase of the program.
Customer's sole and exclusive remedy in the event of a defect is
expressly limited to replacement of the diskette as provided above. If
failure of a diskette has resulted from accident or abuse, the
publisher shall have no responsibility to replace the diskette under
terms of this limited warranty.
Any implied warranties relating to the diskette, including any
implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is limited to a
period of ninety days from date of purchase. Publisher shall not be
liable for indirect, special or consequential damages resulting from
the use of this product. Some states do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above
limitations may not apply to customer. This warranty gives the
customer specific legal rights, and the original customer may also
have other rights that vary from state to state.
SOFTSHELL SOFTWARE LICENSE: Softshell grants to customer a
non-exclusive, paid-up license to use the Softshell Corp. software,
subject to the following provisions:
A: Except as otherwise provided in this software license,
applicable copyright laws shall apply to the software.
B: Title to the medium on which the software is stored or
transferred to customer.
C: Customer shall not make, manufacture or reproduce modified or
unmodified copies of software for resale.
D: Customer may NOT distribute unmodified copies of the software
free or for charge unless arrangements have been made with
Softshell Corp.
E: All copyright notices shall be retained on all copies of the
software.
LESSONS.DOC
APPENDIX: TRAINING LESSONS
In these training lessons we use the case study method.
Our subject is John Shell, a computer consultant who uses
3by5 in his daily activities. He uses the following 3by5
files routinely:
ADDRESS: a file of clients, suppliers, business contacts
and computer journal editors. Their addresses and
telephone numbers are included. He also lists the
equipment at each client's site. This file is divided into
fields of information (e.g. Name, Address, Phone).
PROGRAMS: notes and comments on programs the
consultant uses and recommends.
REF: references on sundry topics.
PROJECTS: a file of ongoing projects in which the
consultant is involved.
MEMOS: memoranda from the consultant.
SLIDES: a list of John's 35mm slides that he uses for
talks.
QUIZ: test questions that John uses for an evening class
in data processing that he teaches.
The 3by5 disk comes with samples of John's ADDRESS,
PROGRAMS and REF files. You will build the MEMOS file
as part of a training lesson.
205
Lesson 1
LESSON 1 - Searching 3by5 Files
3by5 FILES
3by5 stores your text in files on hard disk or diskette.
3by5 files come in pairs: a SOURCE FILE that contains
text and structured data, and a companion INDEX FILE.
The various types of files are designated by the file
extension:
File Type Source Index
Extension Extension
Standard 3by5 3X5 MAP
Letter LET IET
Document DOC IOC
Macro MAC IAC
Print Form PFM IFM
Reference REF IEF
Reference Style RFS IFS
3by5 Program PRG IRG
The significance of the different file types will become
apparent as you proceed through the lessons.
206
3by5 LESSONS
Opening 3by5 Files
Before you can work with a 3by5 file you must open it.
3by5 allows you to open, search and edit up to five files at
a time. The open files are referred to as files 1 to 5.
The numbering of files is for your convenience in issuing
commands and referring to the open files.
Loading the Program
Insert into drive A the DOS system diskette onto which
you have copied the 3by5 files (see Installing 3by5 in
Chapter 2). Turn on the computer or reset it by pressing
the Ctrl, Alt and Del keys simultaneously. Enter the date
and time if asked.
DURING THESE LESSONS IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU
REBOOT THE SYSTEM SINCE 3BY5 REQUIRES THAT
DOS BE CONFIGURED FOR 16 OR MORE FILES.
A NOTE TO HARD DISK USERS: For these lessons you
will use only drive A with the system booted to drive A.
Starting 3by5
When the "A>" prompt appears, type [3by5] <Enter>.
The program will be loaded into memory and the 3by5 Title
Screen displayed. Press any key to continue, and the
following screen will be displayed:
207
Lesson 1
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5
Open Files
1
2
3
4
5
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
The screen has three sections:
3by5 Status Line: The top line of the screen indicates
where you are in the program (searching, editing, etc).
Text Window: Text while editing and searching is
displayed in this area. The names of open files are also
displayed in this section as needed.
Command Menu: The last two lines of the screen are
reserved for menus used to issue instructions.
208
3by5 LESSONS
MAIN MENU
When you first enter the progam, the Main Menu is
displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
The first line (Command Line) of the Main Menu lists the
commands that may be executed.
The second line (Auto Help Line) is highlighted,
i.e. displayed in reverse video. It gives you information on
the current command.
On the Command Line the command EDIT is highlighted
(depicted in this documentation by being enclosed by ><
signs). The area in reverse video is called the Command
Indicator. Press the space bar once and the command
EDIT will appear in standard video and the command
SEARCH will be highlighted. Press the space bar again
and the PRINT command will be highlighted. You can
move the Command Indicator by pressing the space bar,
left or right arrow keys, or back space key.
You may execute a command by positioning the Command
Indicator on the command and pressing <Enter>, or by
pressing the first letter of the command, regardless of
where the command indicator is located.
If you become lost while using 3by5 and are not certain
what to do next, read the Auto Help Line at the bottom of
the screen. The information on the line should help you
decide what to do next. If you are still lost, press <F1>
for help.
209
Lesson 1
Opening Files
Press [F] to issue the Files Command. The current
directory will be displayed under the list of open files.
The Files Command Menu will be displayed at the bottom
of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Open< Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Open file
_____________________________________________________________________
The Auto Help Line informs you that you use the Open
Command to open a file. Press [O] and the program will
prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File:
Type name of file to open and press <Enter>; <Esc> to quit
_____________________________________________________________________
The cursor will be blinking; waiting for you to enter the
name of the file you want to open.
Type [programs] <Enter> to open the first sample file.
Type only the characters within the square brackets [ ],
but not the brackets.
The program will open the file. If there are any errors in
opening the file, the program will inform you of the
problem, wait for you to press <Enter> and then allow you
to re-enter the file name. If there were no errors, the
screen will appear as follows:
210
3by5 LESSONS
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1 A:/PROGRAMS.3X5
2
3
4
5
Dir: A:/
File:
Type name of file to open and press <Enter>; Press <Esc> to quit
_____________________________________________________________________
After the source and index files have been opened, the
name of the file will be displayed on the third line of the
screen across from the number 1.
The program will prompt you for the name of the second
file to open. We will not open another file at this time.
Press <Esc> to return to the Main Menu.
Searching a File
The Main Menu should appear as below:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
211
Lesson 1
You are now ready to search the file. Press [S] and the
following screen will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Search[A:\PROGRAMS.3X5]
Global
Type search keys; press <F7> for commands
_____________________________________________________________________
The program is ready to accept a search key. A key is
any word, partial word, phrase or number that you want to
search for. As you will see, you may also search for
combinations of keys.
The term "Global" under the Field title designates that the
search will include the entire record.
Finding Single Keys
A client has called John and asked him to recommend a
program for storing and retrieving textual information.
The client wants to be able to search on any word, partial
word or combination of words.
Type [text]. Note that with 3by5 you do not have to be
concerned about capitalization.
212
3by5 LESSONS
Press <F7> for the Search Key Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Search< Browse Files Print Write Update Options Clear Quit
Start Search <F2>
_____________________________________________________________________
The Search Menu Commands are:
Search: Press [S] to start an interactive
search for records that match the
search key.
Browse: Press [B] to browse forward and
backward through one or more files.
Files: Press [F] to select the files to be searched.
Print: Press [P] to Print all records found during the
search to the current printer or print file.
Write: Press [W] to Write (copy) all records
found during the search to another
file, the output file.
Update: Press [U] to update (modify, search
and replace) records found during
the search.
Options: Press [O] to select Search Options:
Select Output File
Specify search display
Select record marking options
Clear: Press [C] to clear previous search keys.
Quit: Press [Q] to return to the previous task.
213
Lesson 1
Press [S] to begin a search.
The message "Search[A:\PROGRAMS.3X5]" will be displayed
on the top line to indicate that the program is searching
PROGRAMS.3X5.
The first summary will be found, and the record displayed.
The number of the record will be displayed on the top line.
In the manual search mode 3by5 displays one record at a
time and waits for instructions from you before
continuing. At the bottom of the screen the Search
Command Menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Forward< Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Search/Browse; forward direction
_____________________________________________________________________
We will examine the various commands of the Search
Command Menu as we proceed through the lessons. Press
[F] to continue the search. The next record containing
the search key "text" will be displayed.
You may quit the search at any time by pressing [Q] in
response to the Search Menu. When the search is
completed the following menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Modify< Add Back Count Return
Modify search keys
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [M] to return to the Search Key Screen.
214
3by5 LESSONS
Using Partial Keys
John has a request from a client to find a program that
will help him determine the best carrier for his long
distance calls. John knows of a program that will handle
the task but can't remember whether it's called
"TELEDOLL" or "TELEDIAL".
The Search prompt should be present. Press <F7> then [C]
to clear the last search key. Type [teled] and press <F2>
(an alternate method to start a search). The program will
begin to search for all records with the letters "teled".
One record is found. John calls his client with the
information.
Press [Q] to quit, then [M] for the Search Key Screen.
Press <F3> to erase the previous search key.
Using Multiple Keys
Records that contain two or more key terms may be found
by using the logical operators "AND" (&) or "OR" (|). The
"AND" operator is represented by the ampersand (&). The
"OR" operator is represented by the vertical bar (|).
To search for a program that stores free-text and has
special features to handle references type [free-text&refer]
<F2>. One program will be found. Press [Q] then [M].
When the Search prompt appears again, the prior search
key "free-text&refer" will be displayed. The cursor will be
under the letter "f" in free-text. Press the right arrow
key nine times and the cursor will be under the ampersand
("&"). Now hold the shift key and press the "|" key.
Then press <Del> to delete the ampersand. Press <F2> and
the program will locate all records with either "free-text"
or "reference".
215
Lesson 1
Spaces in Search Keys
A space character in a search key is treated as a logical
AND operator (&). The search key "John Smith" is
equivalent to "John&Smith" and will locate "John Smith",
"Smith, John", and "John B. Smith". If the search key is
enclosed in quotes, spaces are treated as text, not the
logical AND operator.
Browsing
The Browse Mode of the Search Command allows you to
look at a file without specifying a search key. All records
will be displayed. Press <F7> for the Search Key Menu.
Then press [B] to browse through records one at a time.
The first record in the file will be displayed and the
Search Command Menu will be displayed. Press <Enter> or
[F] again and the second record will be found. Press [B]
and the previous record will be displayed. Press [G] and
the program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
Goto Record
Records in file A:\PROGRAMS.3X5: 15
_____________________________________________________________________
Type [6] <Enter> and the program will take you to record
6.
You may want to browse through all the records in the file
to review the other programs listed.
216
3by5 LESSONS
LESSON 2 - Building and Editing 3by5 Files
Building a 3by5 File
Start from the Main Menu. Press [F] for the Files
Command, then press [O] to OPEN a file. The program
will prompt you to enter the name of the file to be
opened.
Type [memos.let] <Enter> to open file MEMOS.LET and its
companion index file MEMOS.IET.
The program will attempt to open the file. Since the file
is not present on the diskette, the program will prompt
you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: memos.let
Unable to open file. Do you want to build the file? (Y/N) Y
_____________________________________________________________________
If you do not want to create a new file (e.g., if you typed
the wrong name), press [N].
We want to build a new file, so press [Y] and the
following prompt will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: memos.let
Build like: (0 - 5) 0 = new file
_____________________________________________________________________
If one or more files are already open and you build a file,
the program will allow you to use the file settings of an
open file for the new file.
217
Lesson 2
We will use the default settings, so press [0] and the
program will display the following screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
File Types:
A 3by5
B Letter
C Document
D Reference
E Reference Sytle
F Print Form
G Macro
H Program
I Mark
J ASCII, WordStar, WordPerfect
Select file type: A
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [B] to instruct the program to build a 3by5 Letter
file. The program will display the following menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
2x4 >3x5< 4x6 5x7 Page VLR Other
512 bytes
_____________________________________________________________________
With this menu you define the size of each record in the
file. This is an important number. Once you specify it
for a file, it cannot be changed.
Press [5] to define a record size of 2048 bytes.
218
3by5 LESSONS
The program will build both the source and index files, and
then prompt you to enter the name of another file to
open.
Press <Esc> to return to the Main Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
Adding a Record to a 3by5 File
You will now learn how to edit records using file MEMOS.
The Main Menu should appear at the bottom of the screen,
if not, press <Esc>.
Press [E] to Edit the file. The program will ask you to
select a file to edit. Press [2] to select the second file
(MEMOS.3X5). The program will then prompt you for the
number of the record to edit:
_____________________________________________________________________
Edit Record: 1
Records in file A:\MEMOS.LET: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
The number adjacent to the message "Edit Record" is
always equal to the number of records in the file plus
one. This allows you to just press <Enter> to add a record
to the file. Since there are no records in the new file,
the number "1" is displayed.
Press <Enter> to add a record to the file.
219
Lesson 2
The screen will be blank except for the Edit Command
Message at the bottom of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
Line 1 Col 1
<F1> Help <F7> Commands
_____________________________________________________________________
The blinking cursor is positioned at the upper left corner
of the window. The bottom two lines of the screen
provide editing information. The first line displays the line
and column numbers of the cursor.
The bottom line informs you that pressing <F7> will give
you the Edit Command Menu, and pressing <F1> will give
you a list of the function key assignments.
If you press the Caps Lock, or Num Lock keys the message
"CAPS" or "NUM" will be displayed at the bottom right of
the screen. Pressing the key again turns the message off.
Typing New Text
Type the following text (remember, type only the
characters within the square brackets, not the brackets):
[This is line one] <Enter>
[This is l two] <Enter>
[Thas are line three] <Enter>
220
3by5 LESSONS
The text will appear as shown below:
_____________________________________________________________________
This is line one<
This is l two<
Thas are line three<
_____________________________________________________________________
Note that when you press <Enter>, the program places a
solid left pointing triangle at the end of the line
(represented by "<" in this documentation).
Next you will correct the errors in the text.
Inserting one character at a time
The 3by5 editor is routinely in the Insert Mode. Use the
arrow keys to position the cursor on the space to the right
of the solitary letter "l" in line 2. Type [ine]. The text
will appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
This is line one<
This is line two<
Thas are line three<
_____________________________________________________________________
Overtyping
Use the cursor keys to position the cursor on the third
character of the third line (the "a" in "thas"). Press <Ins>
to switch to the Overtype Mode. The message "OVER" will
appear on the bottom line. Press [i] to enter the letter
"i" where the letter "a" is. Press <Ins> to return to the
Insert Mode.
221
Lesson 2
The screen will appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
This is line one<
This is line two<
This are line three<
_____________________________________________________________________
Deleting one character at a time
You should be in insert mode. If not, press <Ins> and the
message "OVER" will be erased from the bottom of the
screen. Position the cursor on the letter "a" in the word
"are" in the third line and type [is]. The screen will
appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
This is line one<
This is line two<
This isare line three<
_____________________________________________________________________
The cursor will now be positioned at the letter "a". Press
<Del> three times to delete the letters "a", "r" and "e"
respectively. The text will now appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
This is line one<
This is line two<
This is line three<
_____________________________________________________________________
222
3by5 LESSONS
Inserting multiple lines of text - word wrap
In the example above inserting text was confined to one
line. The same method is used to insert multiple lines of
text. For example, position the cursor to the space to the
right of the word "is" in line two. Type:
[ a test of character insertion and word wrap. By the
time I have typed this far, the cursor is no longer on]
Press the Up or Down arrow key to realign the text.
Deleting multiple characters
Position the cursor on the first "c" of the word "character"
on the second line. Press <Del> twenty four times and
watch the characters to the right of the cursor shift to
the left each time you press <Del>. Then press the Up or
Down arrow key to realign the text.
Saving Your Text
Press <F7> and the Edit Command Menu will appear at the
bottom of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
Search Block Insert Retrieve Print Other Hold Quit
Search a file <F2>
_____________________________________________________________________
223
Lesson 2
Press [Q] to quit, and the following menu will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Save< Abort Next Next Previous Goto Bypass
Save record; return to previous task
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [S] to save the record and the program will add the
record to the file and return to the Main Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
If you wanted to add another record to the file, you could
have pressed [N] for Next and the record would have been
saved and the next record made available for editing.
224
3by5 LESSONS
Editing while searching
Press [F] for the Files Command. When the Files Command
Menu appears, press [C] to close a file. The program will
prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: 1
Enter number of file to close
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [1] to close the file PROGRAMS.3X5.
Then press [O] to open another file. Type [ADDRESS]
<Enter> to open the file ADDRESS.3X5. After the file is
opened, press <Esc> to return to the Main Menu. Then
press [S] to begin a search. The program will prompt you
for the range of files to search:
_____________________________________________________________________
Enter range of files to search: 1-1
_____________________________________________________________________
You may specify a range of files to search by typing a
starting number, a hyphen, an ending file number and then
press <Enter>. If you type only one file number and press
<Enter>, then only that file will be searched.
Type [1] <Enter> for file 1, the ADDRESS file, and the
following screen will appear:
225
Lesson 2
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Search[A:Address.3x5]
Global
NAME
ADDRESS
PHONE
COMMENTS
Type search keys; press <F7> for commands
_____________________________________________________________________
When the prompt Search Screen appears, press <F3> to
clear any previous keys. The cursor will be on the Global
search line. Press the down arrow once to move to the
Name field, and type [softshell] <F2>.
The first record with the name Softshell in the Name field
will be displayed. It is the Softshell Crab Company of
Baltimore. Press [F] to continue the search. Record 13
will be displayed.
Type [E] to edit the record. The 3by5 editor will take over
and the Edit Command Message lines will displayed at the
bottom of the screen. The cursor will be at row 1, column
1.
The records in the address file are different than those that
you have worked with before. There are four fields:
1. NAME
2. ADDRESS
3. PHONE
4. COMMENTS
226
3by5 LESSONS
To move from one field to another, press <Ctrl-Enter> or
<F9>. The cursor will move from its current location to the
start of the next field.
If the cursor is in the last field it will move up to the first
field.
You will insert the new comments in the comment field.
Move to the end of the comments field by pressing
<PgDn>. Type [ This is an additional comment.]
Press <F7> for the Edit Command Menu. Press [Q] to quit
and [S] to save the changes made to record 13.
The program will then return to the search mode. Press
[Q] to quit the search. The program will display the
following menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Modify< Add Back Count Return
Modify search keys
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [R] to return to the Main Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Edit< Search Print Files Windows Utilities Quit
Edit file
_____________________________________________________________________
227
Lesson 2
Searching While Editing
In this part of the lesson you will return to the first record
that you edited. Type [E] for Edit, type [2] to select file
two, and then type [1] <Enter> to select record one. The
program will retrieve the record and display it on the
screen. Press <Alt-F4> to define a block of text.
Press <PgDn> and the cursor will move to the end of
text. The entire text will be highlighted. Press <Alt><F4>
again and the following prompt will appear at the bottom
of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
1 Cut 2 Copy 3 Delete 4 Underline 5 Bold 6 Block off: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [3] to delete the block of text. The program will
prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
Delete 1 Underline 2 Bold 3 Text: 0
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [3] and the text that is highlighted will be erased.
The cursor will now be at row 1, column 1.
228
3by5 LESSONS
You are now ready to type a memo. Type the following:
MEMORANDUM <Enter>
<Enter>
TO: My Clients <Enter>
FROM: John Shell <Enter>
<Enter>
<Enter>
This is a brief note to inform you that Softshell has released a
new version of 3by5. Version 5.0 has multiple field types,
macros for editing and issuing commands, extended character set
menus and record marking while searching.<Enter>
<Enter>
<Enter>
Their current address is:<Enter>
<Enter>
229
Lesson 2
Stop after you type the last <Enter>. The screen should appear
as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Edit[A:\MEMOS.LET]#1
MEMORANDUM <
<
TO: My Clients <
FROM: John Shell <
<
<
This is a brief note to inform you that Softshell has released a
new version of 3by5. Version 5.0 has multiple field types,
macros for editing and issuing commands, extended character set
menus and record marking while searching.<
<
<
Their current address is:<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Searching While Editing
You will suspend editing and search the file ADDRESS.3X5
for the address of Softshell.
Press <F7> for the Edit Command Menu. Then press [S] to
search a file. The names of the open files will be displayed
and the program will prompt you to enter the range of
files to search. Type [1] <Enter> to select file
ADDRESS.3X5. The following search screen will be
displayed:
230
3by5 LESSONS
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Edit[A:\MEMOS.LET] Search[A:\ADDRESS.3X5]
Global
NAME
ADDRESS
PHONE
COMMENTS
Type search keys; press <F7> for commands
_____________________________________________________________________
The 3by5 Status Line informs you that you had been editing
and started to search.
If any previous search keys are present, press <F7> and [C]
to clear the screen.
The cursor should be in the Global field. Type
[softshell&3by5]. Press <F7> then [S] to begin a search.
The record for Softshell will be located and displayed.
Press [C] to copy part of the record.
The program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
Fields to copy:
Type order of fields for copying. Empty line = all fields
_____________________________________________________________________
Type [B] <Enter>. The program will copy the contents of
field B (address) into the Temporary Text Buffer. Press
[Q] to quit the search, then [R] to return to editing of
MEMOS.LET.
231
Lesson 2
Press <Ctrl-F4> to retrieve the contents of the Temporary
Text Buffer. The screen will look as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Edit[MEMOS.LET]#1
MEMORANDUM <
<
TO: My Clients <
FROM: John Shell <
<
<
This is a brief note to inform you that Softshell has released
a new version of 3by5. Version 5.0 has multiple field
types, macros for editing and issuing commands, extended
character set menus and record marking while searching.<
<
<
Their current address is:<
<
Softshell
1254 Thornbury Road<
West Chester, PA 19382<
_____________________________________________________________________
A single macro can be designed to execute all the steps
needed to copy a block of text into another record while
searching.
Press <PgDn> to go to the end of text and finish the memo
by typing:
<Enter>
<Enter>
[Please contact me if you have any questions]
Press <F7> for the Edit Command Menu.
232
3by5 LESSONS
If you have a printer attached to the computer, you may
print a copy of the memo by pressing [P].
Press [Q] to quit. Then [S] to save the memo.
Press [Q] to quit 3by5. The program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
>No< Yes
Do not quit; continue 3by5
_____________________________________________________________________
This last question prevents you from accidentally quitting
3by5. You must press [Y] to quit. Press [Y] and the program
will automatically close all open 3by5 files and return to DOS.
See Chapter 4 for more details on editing records.
233
LESSON 3 - COPYING AND SORTING RECORDS
In this session you will learn how to selectively copy (and in
the process sort) records from one file to another file. The
file may be a standard ASCII file, WordStar or WordPerfect
Document file or another 3by5 file.
Opening files REF.REF and NEWREF.REF
Restart 3by5. Press any key after the Title Screen is
displayed. Then press [F] for the Files Command and then
press [O] for the Open Command. Type [ref] <Enter> to open
the reference file. After the file is opened, the program will
prompt you for the name of the next file to open. Type
[newref] <Enter>. The program will attempt to open the file,
but the file is not present on the diskette. It will then ask
you whether you want to build the file:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: newref
Unable to open file. Do you want to build the file? (Y/N)
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [Y] to build the file, and the program will prompt you:
_____________________________________________________________________
File: newref
Build like (0 - 5) 0 = New file
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [1].
234
3by5 LESSONS
The following screen will be displayed:
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1 A:\REF.REF
2
3
4
5
Build File: A:\NEWREF.REF
Name Type Format/Mask Name Type Format/Mask
A AUTHORS Free N STYLE Free
B TITLE Free O
C SOURCE Free P
D YEAR Date yyyy Q
E VOLUME Line 20 R
F PAGES Line 20 S
G PUB_CO Free T
H PUB_LOC Line 50 U
I EDITORS Free V
J EDITION# Number 02.00 W
J CODE Line 30 X
L KEYWORDS Free Y
M COMMENTS Free Z
Field Name: AUTHORS
<Esc> Cancel <F10> Save <F3> Delete Field <F4> Insert Field
_____________________________________________________________________
235
Lesson 3
The fields are:
AUTHORS: The authors of the reference.
TITLE: The title of the reference.
SOURCE: The name of the journal in which the reference
appears.
YEAR: The year of publication.
VOLUME: The volume in which the reference appears.
PAGES: The pages of the reference.
PUB_CO: The name of the publisher.
PUB_LOC: The location of the publisher.
EDITORS: The editors, if any.
EDITION#: Edition number.
CODE: A code number assigned to the article that
designates where the article is filed in a collection
of reprints.
KEYWORDS: Keywords that do not appear in the title, but are
useful in retrieving the document.
COMMENTS: Comments on the article.
STYLE: This field is empty. The reformatted reference will
be placed in this field.
236
3by5 LESSONS
Field names may range from zero to eight character in length.
Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to move to a field to make
any changes or corrections. When you are ready, press <F10>
to save the field definitions. The following prompt will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
2x4 >3x5< 4x6 5x7 Page VLR Other
512 bytes
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [4], and the file will be built with a record length of
1024 bytes.
After NEWREF.REF is opened, the program will ask you for the
name of the next file to open. Press <Esc>. The Main Menu
will appear. Type [F] for the Files Command Menu:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Open< Close Records List Dir Maintenance Fields Status
Open file
_____________________________________________________________________
237
Lesson 3
Copying and sorting records from REF.3X5 to NEWREF.3X5
Press [R] for the Records Command. At the bottom of the
screen the following prompt will appear:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Copy< Move Erase
Copy a group of records (source records are not changed)
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [C] to Copy records. The program will ask for the
source file. Type [1] to specify REF.3X5 as the source file. The
program will then ask for the destination file. Type [2] to
select NEWREF.REF.
The program will then ask you for the source range. Type [4]
<Enter>. This is the start of the range of records to copy.
Then type [16] <Enter>. This is the last record in the source
file to copy.
The program will ask for the destination range. Press <Enter>
for the default record, number one.
Then you will be asked:
_____________________________________________________________________
Sort records? (Y/N) Sort buffer size: xxxxx
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [Y] and the program will prompt you:
238
3by5 LESSONS
_____________________________________________________________________
A AUTHORS H PUB_LOC
B TITLE I EDITORS
C SOURCE J EDITION#
D YEAR K CODE
E VOLUME L KEYWORDS
F PAGES M COMMENTS
G PUB_CO N STYLE
Primary sort field (A-N): A
_____________________________________________________________________
The program is prompting you to specify the primary field for
sorting. Press [A]. The program will then prompt you for the
secondary sort field. Press [D] to select the year field.
The program will sort the records and display the record
numbers as each source record is copied to the destination
file.
When the program is finished sorting and copying the records,
press <Esc> two times to return to the Main Menu.
Press [S] and then press [2] <Enter> to search the file
NEWREF.REF. In response to the search key prompt, press
<F7> then [B] browse through the file. You will see that the
references have been sorted by first author and the year of
publication.
239
LESSON 4 - REFERENCE MANAGER
The fields in REF.REF:
AUTHORS: The authors of the reference.
TITLE: The title of the reference.
SOURCE: The name of the journal in which the reference
appears.
YEAR: The year of publication.
VOLUME: The volume in which the reference appears.
PAGES: The pages of the reference.
PUB_NAME: The name of the publisher.
PUB_LOC: The location of the publisher.
EDITORS: The editors, if any.
EDITION#: Edition number.
CODE: A code number assigned to the article that
designates where the article is filed in a collection
of reprints.
KEYWORDS: Keywords that do not appear in the title, but are
useful in retrieving the document.
COMMENTS: Comments on the article.
STYLE: This field is empty. The reformatted reference will
be placed in this field.
240
3by5 LESSONS
Selectively writing records from REF.3X5 using the 3by5
Reference Manager.
You will now search for a few references and write certain
ones to an output file. The references will be formatted to
the style of the journal Nature.
Press <Esc> one or more times to return to the Main Menu.
Then press [F] for the files command. Press [O] to open a
file. Type [refstyle] <Enter> in response to the file name
prompt. The program will open the Reference Style file
REFSTYLE.REF.
It will then prompt you for the name of the next file to open.
Type [ref.txt] <Enter>. If you have not used the disk for this
lesson before, the file will not be found, and the program will
ask you whether you want to build it. Type [Y] and then [0].
The program will then ask for the file type. Press [J].
The program will pause and then ask you:
FILE TYPE: 1.ASCII 2.WordStar 3.WordPerfect 1
Press [1].
The program will then ask:
Numbered reference file? (Y/N) N
Press [Y].
Next the program will ask whether the are less than 100
references in the output file. Press [Y].
Next it will ask whether there is a blank line between
references. Press [Y].
Lastly, it will ask the starting number of the first reference.
Type [1] <Enter>.
241
Lesson 4
The file will be opened. Press <Esc> to return to the Main
Menu.
Press [S] to Search. The program will ask for the range of
files. Type [3] <Enter> to search the file REFSTYLE.
The Search Key Menu will be displayed. Type [nature] <F2>.
The record for the journal Nature will be found. The Search
Command Menu will be displayed at the bottom of the screen:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Forward< Backward Goto Edit Print Write Load Mark Copy Other Quit
Search/Browse; forward direction
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [L] to load a record. The program will load the record
as a Reference Style record that will be used to format the
references in REF.REF. Then press <Esc> several times to
return to the Main Menu.
Press [S] to Search. Type [1] <Enter> to specify that REF.REF
will be searched.
The prompt "Search Key:" will appear. Press <F7>, then [O]
for the Search Options Menu:
242
3by5 LESSONS
_____________________________________________________________________
>Display< Output Auto Mark
Page Topline
_____________________________________________________________________
Press the space bar several times to review the different
options. You will only change one, the output file.
Press [O] to specify the output file. The program will list the
open files and ask you to enter the number of the output file
(i.e. the file that will receive the records). Press [4] to select
REF.TXT. The Search Options will be displayed again; press
<Esc> to return to the Search Key window. Clear any previous
search keys by pressing <F3>.
Type [abbott] <F2> to begin a search for records with the
name Abbott.
When the first reference with the name "Abbott" is displayed,
the Record Command Menu will be displayed at the bottom of
the screen. Press [W] to write the currently displayed record
to the Output File.
The letter "W" will be displayed in reverse video in the upper
right corner of the screen to inform you that the record was
written. It will stay there until you continue the search for
another record. If you should press [W] again, a second copy
of the record will be written. The letter "W" in the upper
right corner alerts you to the fact that you have written the
record to the output file once and should prevent multiple
copies of the record being written to the output file by mistake.
Now press [F] to continue the search, and the search will end
since there are no other records with the name "Abbott".
243
Lesson 4
Press [M] to Modify the search key. Erase the search key and
type [murphy] <F2>.
The first reference with the name "Murphy" will be displayed.
Press [W] to write the reference to the output file, then press
[F] to continue the search.
The second reference with the name "Murphy" will be
displayed. It is not one that we will copy to the output file,
so press [S] to continue the search.
No other references will be found. Press <Esc> four times to
return to the Main Menu.
Press [S] to begin a new search. This time select file
REF.TXT. Press <F7>, then [B] to browse through the entire
file. You will see that the references that you copied to
REF.TXT have been formatted according to the style used in
the journal Nature. Since the file is an ASCII file, bold and
underline commands are not present. If the file were a
WordStar or WordPerfect file, the commands would be present.
The output file may be imported into a word processing file.
244
3by5 LESSONS
LESSON 5 - ADDING AND MODIFYING FIELDS IN A FILE
3by5 files that have no fields may be converted to files with
fields by a two-step process. First you Redefine the fields in
the file, then you manually mark the end of each field.
NOFIELDS.3X5 is a 3by5 file provided on the 3by5 diskette for
practice converting files without fields to those with fields.
The first record is:
_____________________________________________________________________
Jones, John<
Purchasing Agent<
<
ACME Industries<
Suite 234<
111 Eastern Highway<
Baltimore, MD 21230<
<
301-555-2385<
<
_____________________________________________________________________
Step 1. Redefining Fields in the File
Close any open files. Open file NOFIELDS.3X5. Then return
to the Main Menu. Press [F] for the Files Command, the [F]
again for the Fields Command:
_____________________________________________________________________
>Filter< Redefine
_____________________________________________________________________
Press [R] to instruct the program to redefine the fields in a
file. The program will ask for the number of the file. Select
the file NOFIELDS. The screen will the appear as follows:
245
Lesson 5
_____________________________________________________________________
3by5 Files
Open Files
1 A:\NOFIELDS.3X5
2
3
4
5
Redefine file: A:\NOFIELDS.3X5
Name Type Format/Mask Name Type Format/Mask
A N
B O
C P
D Q
E R
F S
G T
H U
I V
J W
J X
L Y
M Z
Field Name:
<Esc> Cancel <F10> Save <F3> Delete Field <F4> Insert Field
_____________________________________________________________________
246
3by5 LESSONS
This screen is used to redefined fields for the file.
Define the following fields:
Field Field Name Type Mask/Format
A NAME Person 30
B TITLE Line 50
C ADDRESS Free
D PHONE Mask ###-###-####
E COMMENTS Free
Press <F10> to save the new field definitions.
Press <Esc> to return to the Main Menu.
Step 2. Inserting End of Field Marks
Edit record one of file NOFIELDS.3X5. It will appear as
follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
NAME Jones, John<
Purchasing Agent<
<
ACME Industries<
Suite 234<
111 Eastern Highway<
Baltimore, MD 21230<
<
301-555-2385<
<
TITLE
ADDRESS
PHONE
COMMENTS
_____________________________________________________________________
247
Lesson 5
Note that the entire contents of the first record are in the
first field of the record. Now press <Shift><F9> and the
record will appear as follows:
_____________________________________________________________________
Jones, John<
Purchasing Agent<
<
ACME Industries<
Suite 234<
111 Eastern Highway<
Baltimore, MD 21230<
<
301-555-2385<
<
|<
|<
|<
|<
_____________________________________________________________________
The field names have been removed, and the fields are
delimited by an end of field mark: |<.
You will divide the first field into four fields - name, title,
address and telephone number.
Position the cursor to the end of line one and press
<F9>. A double arrow and a small triangle will appear,
designating the end of the field. This is the End of Field
Mark that designates the end of one field and the beginning
of another.
Next, move to the title line and put an End of Field Mark
at the end of the word Agent.
Then move the cursor to the end of the ZIP code and press
<F9> to designate the end of the address field.
248
3by5 LESSONS
Move to the end of the telephone number and press <F9>.
To avoid excessive blank lines between fields, you should
remove any blank lines by deleting any triangles that
appear on blank lines. The screen will appear as:
_____________________________________________________________________
Jones, John|<
Purchasing Agent|<
ACME Industries<
Suite 234<
111 Eastern Highway<
Baltimore, MD 21230|<
301-555-2385|<
|<
|<
|<
|<
_____________________________________________________________________
The |< mark signifies the end of a field.
Press <Shift><F9> to restore the stand field format. You
will see that the record has five fields with the appropriate
information in each field:
_____________________________________________________________________
NAME Jones, John
TITLE Purchasing Agent
ADDRESS ACME Industries<
Suite 234<
111 Eastern Highway<
Baltimore, MD 21230
PHONE 301-555-2385
COMMENTS
_____________________________________________________________________
249
Lesson 5
Save the changes to record by pressing <F7> and then [Q]
[S] to Quit and Save the record. Edit the remaining
records in the same manner.
250
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1298
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
CHAP01 DOC 19178 1-23-89 7:08p
CHAP02 DOC 7763 1-20-89 9:50p
CHAP03 DOC 4408 1-20-89 9:52p
CHAP04 DOC 22942 10-24-88 11:31a
CHAP05 DOC 34444 1-20-89 10:01p
CHAP06 DOC 41878 1-20-89 10:08p
CHAP07 DOC 49973 10-24-88 11:39a
CHAP08 DOC 2204 1-23-89 7:27a
CHAP09 DOC 7546 1-23-89 7:29a
CHAP10 DOC 1991 1-23-89 7:30a
CHAP11 DOC 9531 1-23-89 7:32a
CHAP12 DOC 10458 1-23-89 7:35a
CHAP13 DOC 3672 1-23-89 7:36a
CHAP14 DOC 30044 10-24-88 11:45a
FILE1298 TXT 1911 3-24-89 9:42a
GO BAT 38 10-19-87 3:56p
GO TXT 1002 3-24-89 9:42a
INDEX DOC 9254 1-23-89 7:55a
LESSONS DOC 60409 10-24-88 11:25a
MANUAL BAT 147 3-02-89 10:00a
README 880 1-23-89 7:35p
21 file(s) 319673 bytes
32768 bytes free