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Information about “DOUG’S PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (DPL)”
DPL, or DOUG'S PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, is a macro language which uses high
level language syntax for its instructions.
DPL's language does not limit the programmer from using native 8088
code, but makes programming easier by automatically declaring segments
and the program entrypoint. All return codes except end-of-file are
standard DOS return codes. The program handles 64K of code and data and
stack segments. Variables are automatically declared.
DPL supports simple data types and still permits the programmer to build
other types. Basic data types supported are 16 bit integers and ASCIIZ
strings. The 16 bit integers are considered to be signed integers and
therefore will be manipulated appropriately. Files are supported which
allow the program to address any disk file or logical device, such as
the keyboard and screen.
Extensive documentation is available on disk in both standard ASCII and
WordStar format. Also available is the DPL source program written in
TURBO C. Many application routines and application routine
construction files are provided, along with a demonstration of the use
of shade and how to manipulate it.
File Descriptions:
DPL DOC DPL reference manual in WORDSTAR format.
DDPL DOC DPS reference manual in text form.
READ ME Lists files.
DPL EXE DPL prepass macro assembler.
DPL C Source program written in TURBOC.
DPL DPL ``MAKE'' file for use with Microsoft MASM.
DPL L Microsoft LINK input file used in DPL make function.
DPL LIB Final output of DPL make function.
CMP BAT Compare source/target disks of DPL release code.
D BAT DOS batch files for assembling/linking DPL programs.
DV BAT Set up output listings for use with Microsoft CODEVIEW.
MOVE BAT Moves entire DPL distribution list to target disk drive.
MOVEDEV BAT Moves ony those files needed to develop code.
DPL MAC DPL macro ``include'' file.
_CRSR D Video cursor positioning.
_DEC D ASCII decimal tosigned 16 bit integer conversion.
_DPL D Startup code executed at the start of DPL program.
_DV1616 D 16 bit division routine to protects against division by 0.
_ENC D Signed 16 bit integer to ASCII decimal representation.
_FILEIO D File I/O routines for all four file access methods.
_HSTOI D Hexedecimal representation to 16 bit integer conversion.
_IFS D String comparison routines.
_INKY D Single character input routines.
_ITOBS D 16 bit integer to binary string representation.
_ITOHS D 16 bit integer to hexedecimal representation.
_SCONCAT D String concatenation routines.
_STREND D String length calculation routines.
MOVEAPP BAT Batch file to move the sample routines.
CMPAPP BAT Compare source/target disks of DPL release code.
APP Application routine's ``MAKE'' file.
APP L Additional ``MAKE'' file for Microsoft LINK.
APP LIB Final output from make function.
CLICK D Make click noise to simulate keyboard clickings.
CLRSCR D Clear screen routine.
CMDLN D Retrieve data from the command line.
CMPRSS D Compress text.
DELAY D Delay x number of clock ticks.
DOBEEP D Beep speaker.
EDITM D Edit a fixed ASCIIZ string from the keyboard.
EDITS D Perform edit of an ASCIIZ string from the keyboard.
ENVSTR D Fetch and environment string.
EXPR D Algebraic evaluator returning 16 bit signed integer.
FMOVE D Move an ASCIIZ string into a file name.
FSTRNG D Search a string for a match.
GETMWORD D Return the machine ID word from PROM.
LWRCS D Convert ASCIIZ string to lowercase.
SCRNBK D Backup a video page.
SHADE D Pulldown menuing and display routine.
SHDDO D Additional shade manipulation routines.
TRIM D Trim off blanks from an ASCIIZ string.
UPRCS D Convert ASCIIZ string to uppercase.
VIDOFF D Turn video screen off.
VIDWRT D Direct video text output routines.
DDPL.DOC
================================
Doug's Programming Language
================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. What's needed
Hardware required.
Programs you must supply.
Installing the code on a hard drive.
Compiling the sample programs.
2. Basic program structure
3. Data declarations
Predefined global variables
DEFINE declaration
ENDREC declaration
FILE declaration
INTEGER declaration
RECORD declaration
SET declaration
STRING declaration
4. Executable Instructions
CURSOR int,int
CALL routine param-1 param-2 param-3 param-4
CLOSE file
DECODE string,integer
ENCODE integer,string
GOTO addr
HSTOI integer,string
IF...
INKEY str,WAIT
ITOBS string,integer,length
ITOHS string,integer
MATH EXPRESSIONS
NOTE file,dd
OPEN INPUT, file
POINT file,dd
READ file,string,length
READB file,record
RETURN
STOP
STRING CONCATENATION
WRITE file,string
WRITEB file,record
5. Bibliography
MS DOS and Macro Assembler, aka, MASM, are trademarks of
Microsoft corporation.
Doug's Programming Language -- DPL, Version 2.22
Copyright (c) 1988 Douglas S. Cody, All rights reserved.
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W h a t 's N e e d e d
Hardware Required.
The minimal system configurable recommended to use DPL is:
IBM PC or Compatible w/256k ram.
MS, PC DOS 2.0 or higher.
2 floppy disk drives.
Monochrome or CGA video adapter & monitor.
The optimal system configurable recommended to use DPL is:
IBM PC or Compatible w/640k ram.
MS, PC DOS 2.0 or higher.
1 floppy disk drive and a hard drive of
ten megabytes, or higher.
Monochrome, CGA, EGA video adapter & monitor.
Programs You Must Supply.
In order to program, assemble, and run programs written in
DPL, the following programs must be made available:
Microsoft MASM, MAKE, LINK, and LIB, versions 3.0
through 5.0.
These programs will have to be in the current directory or
in the "PATH". See your DOS manual for setting "PATH"s.
Installing the Code on a Hard Drive.
The DPL release diskette contains two batch files for moving
the whole release to a target diskette or hard drive. The first
batch file is called, "MOVE.BAT". It will copy all the core DPL
routines and support files to a given drive\path. The second
batch file is called, "MOVEAPP.BAT", and it contains all the
sample application routines, programs, and support files. Each
batch file is invoked like the following example:
C:\DPL>MOVE A:
C:\DPL>MOVEAPP A:
The parameter following the batch file name indicates the
target [drive][path] that the will receive the DPL files.
To create a backup of the release from drive A: to drive B:
1. Install a blank, formatted diskette in drive B:
2. Install the DPL release diskette in drive A:
3. At the DOS prompt, type "A:" and the ENTER key.
4. Type "MOVE B:" and the ENTER key. All the core
routines, libraries & support files will be copied.
5. Type "MOVEAPP B:" and the ENTER key. All the application
routines, programs & support file will be copied.
To copy the release from drive A: to the hard drive, C:.
1. If the current disk is not drive C, then type "C:"
and the ENTER key.
2. If the current disk is drive C, then type "CD\"
and the enter key.
3. Type "MKDIR DPL" and the ENTER key.
4. Type "CD DPL" and the ENTER key.
5. Install the DPL release diskette in drive A:
6. Type "A:" and the ENTER key.
7. Type "MOVE C:" and the ENTER key. All the core
routines, libraries & support files will be copied.
8. Type "MOVEAPP C:" and the ENTER key. All the application
routines, programs & support file will be copied.
Compiling the Sample Programs.
U S I N G F L O P P Y D I S K S
For those of you using only two floppy disks, you'll want to
create a special development diskette containing only the files
needed to develop code. The batch file named, "MOVEDEV.BAT" will
copy those files to a target drive. Follow the instructions below
to create this special disk:
1. Install the DPL release diskette in drive A:
2. Install a blank, formatted diskette in drive B:
3. At the DOS prompt, type "A:" and the ENTER key.
4. Type "MOVEDEV B:" and the enter key. All the required
files will be copied to this diskette.
5. Copy any DPL source files, such as, LIST.D, to drive B:
Once the development diskette is finished, insert it into
drive A:. Place the diskette contain Microsoft's MASM.EXE &
LINK.EXE into drive B:. At the DOS prompt, type "PATH=B:\;" and
the return key. This allows the Microsoft software to be found by
DOS when attempting to compile the DPL programs. You are now
ready to compile some code. The DPL sample program, "LIST.D" has
been copied to the development diskette to allow you to practice
compiling. To compile this program, type, "D LIST" and the ENTER
key. The batch file, "D.BAT" will invoke the DPL prepass
compiler, MASM, then LINK.
Once the compile is done, the DOS prompt will return.
U S I N G H A R D D R I V E
If you are using a hard disk drive, you're in the best
development environment. This allows you to store all DPL code in
one subdirectory, and all the Microsoft code in it's sub-
directory. Place the path to the Microsoft software in the envi-
ronment PATH by typing "PATH=\[MASM PATH]" at the DOS prompt.
Once this is done, enter the DPL subdirectory, and you're ready
to work. Assuming all the code has been installed in this sub-
directory, type, "D LIST" and the ENTER key. The batch file,
"D.BAT" will invoke the DPL prepass compiler, MASM, then LINK.
Once the compile is done, the DOS prompt will return.
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B a s i c P r o g r a m S t r u c t u r e
DPL is a macro language using high level language syntax for it's
instructions. It does not limit the programmer from using native
8088 code, but makes programming easier by automatically
declaring segments and the program entrypoint. Comments may be
declared in standard 8088 fashion by placing a semi-colon to the
left of the comment's body of text. The basic program structure
is as follows:
PROG NAME
;
; data goes here
;
BEGIN NAME
;
; code goes here
;
ENDPGM NAME
The keyword "PROG" declares the beginning of the program and
opens up the data segment. The data segment will continue until
the keyword "BEGIN" is encountered. Once "BEGIN" is found, the
data segment is ended and the code segment will begin. The code
segment will be ended when the keyword "ENDPGM" is encountered at
the end of the source file. In between the data and code seg-
ments, the stack segment is declared using a 256 word stack.
This main procedure is declared as a "FAR" procedure and is
the entrypoint for the program. Another valid way of declaring a
program is using the keyword, "SUBPGM" in lieu of "PROG". This
will give the program a public name as well as declare the
entrypoint to be a NEAR procedure.
The NAME of the program can be any name, but must be
declared three times in the program. The NAME declaration must
follow the keywords, PROG, SUBPGM, BEGIN, and ENDPGM.
The following are two examples of the shortest programs
written in DPL:
Example #1 : Example #2
:
PROG NAME : SUBPGM NAME
; : ;
BEGIN NAME : BEGIN NAME
; : ;
ENDPGM NAME : ENDPGM NAME
Since DPL controls the segment declarations, the program is
limited to 64k of code, 64k of data, and 64k of stack segment.
Other segments may be declared, but will be nested depending upon
location. If a segment is declared within the boundaries of the
"PROG/SUBPGM" and "BEGIN" statement, it will be nested within the
data segment. Likewise, if the segment is declared between the
"BEGIN" and "ENDPGM" statement, it will be nested within the code
segment.
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D a t a D e c l a r a t i o n s
DPL supports simple data types, but does not limit the
programmer from building other types. The basic data types
supported are 16 bit integers and ASCIIZ strings. The 16 bit
integers are considered to be signed integers and therefore will
be manipulated appropriately. Files are supported which allow the
program to address any disk file or logical device, such as the
keyboard or screen.
Predefined Global Variables
DPL declares certain common variables for the programmer. As
of this revision, the following variables are automatically
declared:
SET STATUS,00 ; 16 bit integer which contains the
; return result of various reads
; and writes.
SET ZERO,00 ; A integer containing a zero value.
DEFINE BEEP,07 ; ASCII Bell alarm (^G)
DEFINE EJECT,12 ; ASCII Form Feed (^L)
SET @DPLVER ; Current version of DPL support
; routines
VIDPAGE DB ? ; Current active video page
CRTFLAG DB ? ; A byte indicating which video
; adapter is installed:
; Monochrome = 00
; CGA card = 01
; EGA Mono emul = 02
; EGA CGA emul = 03.
; Bit 0 = Monochrome(0),CGA(1)
; Bit 1 = EGA(1)
; Bit 2 = VGA(not implemented yet)
The keyword, "STATUS", is maintained by DPL to return the
result of any attempted read or write using DOS. The following
error codes are returned in STATUS from IO:
0 = All okay 10 = Invalid environment
1 = End of File encountered 11 = Invalid format
2 = File not found 12 = Invalid access code
3 = Path not found 13 = Invalid data
4 = No handle available, all used 14 = not used
5 = Access denied 15 = Invalid drive specified
6 = invalid handle 16 = Attempt to remove
7 = Memory control block destroyed directory
8 = Insufficient memory 17 = Not same device
9 = Invalid memory block address 18 = No more files to be
found
If you have not noticed, all the return codes, except #1, are
standard DOS return codes. Code #1 serves a dual purpose. In
reads and writes, this value would indicate an EOF. In opening
and closing files, it retains its original DOS meaning. Since
STATUS is just a 16 bit integer, it may also be used by the
programmer, for example, to hold a return code from a subroutine.
D E F I N E -- pre-initialized string declaration
DEFINE msg0,'This is the first message declared'
DEFINE BEEP,07
DEFINE ESC_SEQ,<1BH,'[31;40m'> ; ANSI.SYS ESC sequence
The data declaration, "DEFINE" allows the programmer to
declare a string with a pre-initialized value. This string will
have it's maximum length determined by the length of the message.
The second example above shows how to declare a one byte string
using an ASCII control character value. The length of the string
will be the data length + 1. The DEFINE macro automatically
provides a null byte as a string terminator. This, and all other
data declarations, must precede the "BEGIN" statement. The
maximum length is determined by MASM's limitations.
E N D R E C -- End of record marker
RECORD recname,length
STRING strname,length
INTEGER num
ENDREC recname
The ENDREC declaration marks the end of the data record. It
is used in conjunction with the RECORD declaration. This
statement must always be used to terminate a record to insure
correct memory allocation for the entire record. This, and all
other data declarations, must precede the "BEGIN" statement.
F I L E -- Define a file device
FILE CONSL, 'CON'
FILE PRT, 'LPT1', A
FILE AFILE, 'WORK.DAT', A, BUFFA
FILE DSKFIL, 'WORK.DAT', B
FILE BFILE, 'WORK.DAT', B, BUFFB
FILE RNDFIL, 'WORK.DAT', R, RKEY
BUFFER BUFFA,512
BUFFER BUFFB,512
INTEGER RKEY
The file declaration sets up a file declaration for accessing
DOS devices. The declaration comes in five parts: 1) the keyword
FILE, 2) the internal name of the device to be used by the
program, 3) the external ASCIIZ string name given to DOS when the
file is opened, 4) the device class, and 5) a buffer for
sequential files, or record KEY for random files. The different
parts are separated by commas. The device class indicates the
type of data expected to be written or read from the device/file.
The four classes are "A" for ASCII, "B" for binary, "R" for
random access, and default for character devices (default assumes
variable length ASCII). The files classes, "A", "B", and default,
are sequential access files. Buffers of 256 bytes are
automatically declared for "A" and "B" file types. The programmer
may declare different buffers for file classes "A" and "B", as
seen in the above examples for "AFILE" and "BFILE". This is
useful, for example to speedup disk I/O by declaring larger
buffers, thus requesting fewer reads from DOS.
NOTE!!! The buffer size represents the largest single piece
of data which may be read from the file; therefore, in order to
read strings or records over 256 bytes in length, the programmer
MUST provide a buffer at least the size of the largest string or
record to be read from that file.
Random access files have a KEY declaration. The key is a
name of an integer to be used in record location calculations. To
access a given record in a random file, put the record location
number into the key then read or write to the file. The key
number is similar in functionality to an array's subscript. A
good perspective of a random file is to view it as an array of
records, where the key is the subscript to the array. The
following code segment shows how to read the 5th record from a
file:
;---------------< DATA VARIABLES >----------------
FILE RFILE,'DATA.FIL',R,RKEY
INTEGER RKEY
;
RECORD RREC,13
STRING STR,8
INTEGER NUM
ENDREC RREC
;---------------< CODE EXECUTION >----------------
RKEY = 5
READB RFILE,RREC
;-------------< END CODE EXECUTION >--------------
The subscript to the file, RKEY, is set to the value of 5. The
read or write can then be attempted by the program.
I N T E G E R -- 16 bit integer declaration
INTEGER num0
The integer declaration sets up a 16 bit word in the data
segment without a predefined value. It is initialized to zero by
the macro statement. This, and all other data declarations, must
precede the "BEGIN" statement.
R E C O R D -- File record declaration
RECORD recname,length
STRING strname,length
INTEGER num
ENDREC recname
This declaration identifies the "recname" as the beginning
of a data record. The above example shows how to declare a record
with one string element and one integer element. The ENDREC
statement must be added to terminate the record declaration. See
the section on ENDREC. The length given in the RECORD declaration
is the total length of all variable elements within the record.
STRING lengths are always are 1 greater than there declared
length. INTEGERS are two bytes in length. RECORDs declarations
may not be nested. This, and all other data declarations, must
precede the "BEGIN" statement. See the section on FILE
declarations for more on record size limitations.
S E T -- 16 bit integer declaration
SET ONE,1
SET X99,99
The SET declaration sets up a signed 16 bit word with a pre-
defined value. It is identical to the INTEGER declaration, except
the programmer supplies an initial value to the word. This, and
all other data declarations, must precede the "BEGIN" statement.
S T R I N G -- Undefined string declaration
STRING name,length
STRING wor_string,132
The STRING declaration allows the operator to declare a null
string, X number of bytes in length. The total length of the
string is the length + 1. This, and all other data declarations,
must precede the "BEGIN" statement. The maximum length may be
up to 64k, but remember, DPL only provides ONE data segment of
up to 64k; therefore, such a string would fill the entire
segment. See the section on FILE declarations for more on string
lengths.
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E X E C U T A B L E I N S T R U C T I O N S
C U R S O R -- Move the video cursor.
CURSOR 1,5
CURSOR 1,int
CURSOR int,int
CURSOR row,col
This instruction moves the video cursor to the X/Y coordinate
given by the parameters. The parameters may be either a numeric
literal or integer in any combination. The valid rows are 0 thru
24. The valid columns are 0 thru 79. By moving the cursor out of
the valid ranges effectively makes the cursor disappear.
C A L L -- DPL call with parameter passing in registers.
CALL routine param-1 param-2 param-3 param-4
CALL CALC 05 NUM
The DPL pre-pass compiler examines each CALL statement in
the source file looking for parameter passing to the subroutine.
Parameters may be listed to the right of the subroutine name with
spaces between each one. The parameters passed are placed in
registers AX,BX,CX,DX respectively. 1 - 4 parameters may be
passed to the subroutine. NOTE: Parameter passing is limited to
passing the ADDRESS of the variable, NOT the actual value of the
variable. This differs with some common programming languages,
such as C and PASCAL. Since DPL does not maintain tight control
over variable declarations, it does not know the difference
between string variable names and integer variable names;
therefore, it applies a blanket rule of passing addresses only.
Literal values are the exception and are passed to the
subroutine. The literal values are limited to an expression
resulting in a 16 bit value.
C L O S E -- Close a file.
CLOSE file
This function closes a previously opened file. If the file was
opened for output, and end of file mark is written and the file
is closed. All pertinent data is then entered into the directory.
If the file was opened for input, the file will be closed with no
changes to the directory. Once a file is closed, no more access
will be allowed until it is reopened. The appropriate DOS error
code will returned in STATUS.
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D E C O D E -- Convert decimal ASCIIZ string to signed binary
integer format.
DECODE integer,string
DECODE will convert a numeric ASCII string into a signed 16
bit integer value. The value will be stored in the provided
integer. The conversion will be made from left to right and will
continue until a non numeric ASCII character or end of line is
encountered. Valid numeric ASCII characters fall within the range
of '0' - '9'. A negative sign is allowed to the right or left of
the numbers. If a non-numeric value is encountered, A STATUS of 1
will be returned and the integer will be set to zero.
E N C O D E -- Convert signed binary integer to ASCIIZ
decimal string.
ENCODE string,integer
This instruction will convert a signed 16 bit value into an
ASCIIZ string representation. The maximum length of the converted
string can be 6 characters, therefore; the target string must be
a minimum of 6 characters in order to protect against corrupting
memory following the string. The actual decimal representation
created by ENCODE may be less than 6 characters in length. Any
value over 32767 will be considered negative.
G O T O -- Unconditional jump.
GOTO addr
The GOTO command is converted into an 8088 'JMP' instruction.
The range of the jump will be intra-segment, unless the target
address is a FAR type. There will not be any check to see if the
target address can be reached by a short jump. This form of
optimization will normally be done by the assembler.
H S T O I -- Hex string to integer conversion.
HSTOI integer,string
This instruction will convert a HEX string into a signed 16
bit binary value. The conversion will operate from left to right
and will end when a non-hex character ("0"-"9", or "a"-"f") or
end of line is encountered.
I F -- Conditional jump support for byte, word, or
string comparisons.
IF BYTE addr EQ addr GOTO addr
IF BYTE addr LT addr CALL addr param param param param
IF BYTE addr EQ addr RETURN
IF WORD addr LE addr GOTO addr
IF WORD addr NE addr CALL addr param param
IF WORD addr EQ addr RETURN
IF STRING addr EQ addr GOTO addr
IF STRING addr NE addr CALL addr param param param param
IF STRING addr EQ addr RETURN
The DPL IF statement gives the programmer the capability to
make complex comparison with ease. The IF statements cover every
type of comparison and condition. A true result to the comparison
always results in a change to the program counter. The instruc-
tion following the comparison, GOTO, CALL, or RETURN are all
standard DPL instructions. See each section for details on the
syntax of each of the instructions.
The IF statements allow a full range of tests to be made for
integer comparisons. String comparisons are limited to "EQ" or
"NE" tests. The following is a explanation of each comparison:
NE - Not equal to
LT - Less than
LE - Less than or equal to
EQ - Equal to
GE - Greater than or equal to
GT - Greater than
I N K E Y -- Scan the keyboard for one character
INKEY
INKEY str
INKEY str,WAIT
INKEY ,WAIT
This instructions uses the BIOS keyboard interrupt 16H to
retrieve a typed key. As the above examples show, the target
string is optional. The returned value is stored in the AX
register upon return from the BIOS call.
The first two examples will not stop the execution of the
program, whereas; the last two examples wait for a key to be
typed. The DPL keyword STATUS will be set to 1 if a key is found,
otherwise; it will be set to 0. The target string must be a
minimum of 2 bytes long. Two bytes will be returned from the BIOS
and stored in the string. The first byte will be the "normal"
key, such as the letter "A". In this case the second byte will be
reported as a binary zero. The second byte reported is the scan
code. If the key was a function key, the first byte will be
binary zero, and the second byte will be the scan code.
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I T O B S -- Convert binary integer to Binary string
ITOBS string,integer,length
ITOBS string,0255h,8
This command converts a 16 bit integer into a string of "0"s
and "1"s for a binary representation. The length of the string is
determined by the length declaration. As an example, if just the
least significant byte of the 16 bit word is to be converted,
just give the instruction an 8 byte long length. The integer may
be a address or a literal value.
I T O H S -- Convert binary integer to ASCII hex string
ITOHS string,integer
ITOHS string,0256
This command will take a 16 bit integer value an create a 4
byte hex string. The target string must be a minimum of 4 bytes
in length, or a memory overrun will occur.
M A T H -- DPL math routines for arithmetic and Boolean
expression evaluation
result = int * 05 + int / 2 - 3 SHL 2 MOD 256
DPL provides for signed 16 bit mathematical expressions with a
simple left to right evaluation. The length of the expression is
limited to a maximum string of 132 characters. The following
mathematical operations are valid:
* Multiplication / Division
+ Addition - Subtraction
AND Logical And OR Logical OR
XOR Exclusive OR SHL Shift left
SHR Shift Right MOD Remainder
N O T E -- Note the current file pointer.
NOTE file,dd
This instruction retrieves the current file pointer from the
specified file and stores it in the specified 32 bit long word
storage. This instruction is used in conjunction with the POINT
instruction to create a limited form of random access for
sequential disk files. By "NOTE"ing a file, then later,
"POINT"ing to it, data may be reread or rewritten.
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O P E N -- Open a file
OPEN INPUT, file
OPEN OUTPUT, file
OPEN IO, file
DPL uses the DOS file handle method of file control. When a
file is opened, DOS returns a handle which will be associated
with that file until it is CLOSED. The allowable modes of access
for files are INPUT, OUTPUT, or, IO.
In order to access any of the computers devices, using a file
is the easiest method. The logical device for the screen/keyboard
('CON') may be opened as INPUT, OUTPUT, or IO. The printer
('LPTx') would be opened as OUTPUT.
If a disk file is opened as IO, DPL attempts to open the file
without resetting the file pointer. This is done so not to
destroy any data in the file. If the file is not found, then DPL
will create the file.
If a file is opened as OUTPUT, DPL will open or create the
file, then reset the file pointer to the beginning of the file,
thus clearing any data from the file. When the file is closed,
the directory entry is modified to reflect the last update, and
current size.
When reading files, due to the sequential access method, it
may be necessary to start reading from the beginning. This may be
accomplished by closing, then re-opening the file. This resets
the file pointers to the beginning of the file.
DPL provides for error codes to be returned to the application
through the STATUS integer. This integer is automatically
declared by DPL and is set to the resulting MS-DOS value for
opening a file. Consult an MS-DOS manual for the returned values
for Function 3Dh. These values will be returned in STATUS.
P O I N T -- Point to a location in the file.
POINT file,dd
This instruction moves the file pointer to a specified
location in the file. POINT is used in conjunction with the NOTE
instruction to create a limited form of random access for
sequential disk files. POINT has an identical counterpart in the
C programming language, "LSEEK". By "NOTE"ing a file, then later,
"POINT"ing to it, data may be reread or rewritten. Applicable DOS
error codes are returned in STATUS.
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R E A D -- Read a variable length ASCII string from an opened
file
READ file,string,length
This command reads data from a device/file and places the data
in the string. The maximum amount data read is determined by the
"length" in the statement. The string may be shorter if an CR/LF
is encountered during the read. If an error occurs in the
attempted read, the DOS error code will be returned in STATUS.
R E A D B -- Read a fixed number of bytes from an opened file
READB file,record
This command reads data from a device/file and places the data
in the record. The maximum amount data read is determined by the
length of the record. This instruction must be used to read from
"B" and "R" type of files. The normal READ will not work on
binary and random files. If an error occurs in the attempted
read, the DOS error code will be returned in STATUS.
R E T U R N -- Subroutine return statement
RETURN
This statement is identical to the return statement in native
8088 code. It may be used by itself, or in an IF statement. The
following subroutine demonstrates it's use:
SUB PROC NEAR
IF WORD FLAG EQ ZERO RETURN
.
.
RETURN
SUB ENDP
S T O P -- Terminate the program's execution
STOP
STOP 1
STOP int
This instruction gives control back to DOS and also allows a
completion code to be set in DOS. The completion code can be
tested with the "ERRORLEVEL" DOS command. Also, the code can be
retrieved by another program from DOS. The code may be a literal,
or integer variable. Just the least significant byte of the
completion code will be returned to DOS.
.pa
S T R I N G C O N C A T E N A T I O N
str0 $= str1 + str2 + str3 + str4 + str5
DPL allows strings to be concatenated together and the result
placed into a target string. The syntax is almost identical to a
mathematical expression except for two things: 1) Only the plus
sign ("+") is allowed in the expression, and 2) in lieu of the
equal sign, a special equate symbol pair, "$=" is used to
designate string concatenation.
W R I T E -- Write an ASCIIZ string to an opened file
WRITE file,string
WRITE file,string,CR
WRITE file,,CR
This statement allows the programmer to write data out to any
device/file. If the keyword CR (as shown in the last two
examples) is given, then a CR/LF will be appended to the output.
The third example shows how a CR/LF can be accomplished without
first printing a string. If the programmer wants to print an
integer, then the integer will first have to be converted into a
string, then printed.
W R I T E B -- Write a record to an opened file
WRITEB file,record
This instruction writes the contents of the record out to
the given file. This statement must be used to write to "B" and
"R" type of files. The standard WRITE instruction will not work
on binary and random files. The appropriate DOS error codes will
be returned in STATUS.
.pa
B i b l i o g r a p h y
The development of DPL has been evolving for over two years.
Admittedly, the direction has been on the basis of "I need
this...", and "wouldn't it be neat if...". In other words, its
the product of creeping enhancement, though the integrity has
been protected by my vision of creating a solid assembly language
development environment. During the course of investigation and
research, I have read and studied many publications, which have
had a direct influence on this endeavor. The following is a list
of these publications:
Borland International, Inc. TURBO C., 1987
IBM AT Technical Reference Manual. IBM Corp., 1985
IBM PC Technical Reference Manual. IBM Corp., 1983
Microsoft Macro Assembler. Microsoft, 1985
Osborne/McGraw Hill. Using TURBO C., 1988
Osborne/McGraw Hill. Advanced TURBO C., 1988
Duncan, Raymond. Advance MS-DOS. Microsoft Press, 1986
Coffron, James W. Programming the 8086/8088. SYBEX, 1983
Hyman, Michael I. Memory Resident Utilities, Interrupts,
and Disk Management with MS & PC DOS. MIS, 1986
Jourdain, Robert. Programmer's Problem Solver for the IBM
PC, XT & AT. Brady Communications Co. 1986
Kernighan, Brian W. & Ritchie, Dennis M. The "C"
Programming Language. Bell Telephone Labs, Inc. 1978
Norton, Peter. Programmer's Guild to the IBM PC.
Microsoft Press, 1985
Wadlow, Thomas A. Memory Resident Programming on the IBM PC.
Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1987
Young, Michael J. Performance Programming Under MS-DOS.
SYBEX, 1987
FILE1262.TXT
Disk No: 1262
Program Title: Doug's Programming Language (DPL) version 2.22
PC-SIG version: 1
DPL, or Doug's Programming Language, is a macro language which uses high
level language syntax for its instructions.
DPL's language does not limit the programmer from using native 8088
code, but makes programming easier by automatically declaring segments
and the program entrypoint. All return codes except end-of-file are
standard DOS return codes. The program handles 64K of code and data and
stack segments. Variables are automatically declared.
DPL supports simple data types and still permits the programmer to build
other types. Basic data types supported are 16 bit integers and ASCIIZ
strings. The 16 bit integers are considered to be signed integers and
therefore will be manipulated appropriately. Files are supported which
allow the program to address any disk file or logical device, such as
the keyboard and screen.
Extensive documentation is available on disk in both standard ASCII and
WordStar format. Also available is the DPL source program written in
TURBO C. A large number of application routines and application routine
construction files are provided, along with a demonstration of the use
of shade and how to manipulate it.
Usage: Programming Language.
Special Requirements: Microsoft MASM, MAKE, LINK, and LIB, versions 3.0
through 5.0.
How to Start: Type GO (press enter).
Suggested Registration: $25.00
File Descriptions:
DPL DOC DPL reference manual in WORDSTAR format.
DDPL DOC DPS reference manual in text form.
READ ME Lists files.
DPL EXE DPL prepass macro assembler.
DPL C Source program written in TURBOC.
DPL DPL 'MAKE' file for use with Microsoft MASM.
DPL L Microsoft LINK input file used in DPL make function.
DPL LIB Final output of DPL make function.
CMP BAT Compare source/target disks of DPL release code.
D BAT DOS batch files for assembling, linking programs
written in DPL.
DV BAT Enhanced DOS batch file for setting up output listings
for use with Microsoft CODEVIEW.
MOVE BAT Moves entire DPL distribution list to target disk drive.
MOVEDEV BAT Moves ony those files needed to develop code.
DPL MAC DPL macro 'include' file.
_CRSR D Video cursor positioning.
_DEC D ASCII decimal tosigned 16 bit integer conversion.
_DPL D Startup code executed at the start of DPL program.
_DV1616 D 16 bit division routine which protects against division
by 0.
_ENC D Signed 16 bit integer to ASCII decimal representation.
_FILEIO D File I/O routines for all four file access methods.
_HSTOI D Hexedecimal representaiton to 16 bit integer conversion.
_IFS D String comparison routines.
_INKY D Single character input routines.
_ITOBS D 16 bit integer to binary string representation.
_ITOHS D 16 bit integer to hexedecimal representation.
_SCONCAT D String concatenation routines.
_STREND D String length calculation routines.
MOVEAPP BAT Batch file to move the sample routines.
CMPAPP BAT Compare source/target disks of DPL release code.
APP Application routine's 'MAKE' file.
APP L Additional 'MAKE' file for Microsoft LINK.
APP LIB Final output from make function.
CLICK D Make click noise to simulate keyboard clickings.
CLRSCR D Clear screen routine.
CMDLN D Retrieve data from the command line.
CMPRSS D Compress text.
DELAY D Delay x number of clock ticks.
DOBEEP D Beep speaker.
EDITM D Edit a fixed ASCIIZ string from the keyboard.
EDITS D Perform DOS like edit of an ASCIIZ string from the
keyboard.
ENVSTR D Fetch and environment string.
EXPR D Algebraic expression evaluator returing 16 bit signe
integer.
FMOVE D Move an ASCIIZ string into a file name.
FSTRNG D Search a string for a match.
GETMWORD D Return the machine ID word from PROM.
LWRCS D Convert ASCIIZ string to lowercase.
SCRNBK D Backup a video page.
SHADE D Pulldown menuing and display routine.
SHDDO D Additional shade manipulation routines.
TRIM D Trim off blanks from an ASCIIZ string.
UPRCS D Convert ASCIIZ string to uppercase.
VIDOFF D Turn video screen off.
VIDWRT D Direct video text output routines.
PC-SIG
1030D E Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale Ca. 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1989 PC-SIG, Inc.
GO.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk No 1262 DPL 2.22 >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ ║
║ To print the documentation, type: ║
║ ║
║ MANUAL (press enter) ║
║ ║
║ To run the program, type: ║
║ ║
║ DPL (press enter) ║
║ ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1262
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
APP 1536 7-08-88 4:25p
APP L 384 7-08-88 4:26p
APP LIB 10893 7-11-88 2:40p
CLICK D 1024 7-11-88 2:26p
CLRSCR D 896 7-11-88 2:26p
CMDLN D 3200 7-11-88 2:26p
CMP BAT 896 7-12-88 8:22a
CMPAPP BAT 896 7-12-88 9:08a
CMPRSS D 1664 7-11-88 2:27p
D BAT 128 7-12-88 8:20a
DDPL DOC 34176 7-13-88 10:52a
DELAY D 640 7-11-88 2:27p
DEMO D 4224 7-11-88 2:24p
DOBEEP D 1024 7-11-88 2:27p
DPL 1024 1-27-88 3:59p
DPL C 11265 7-12-88 8:20a
DPL DOC 34176 7-13-88 10:50a
DPL EXE 12278 7-12-88 8:20a
DPL L 256 1-27-88 3:59p
DPL LIB 6769 7-11-88 2:33p
DPL MAC 9344 7-11-88 2:20p
DV BAT 256 7-12-88 8:21a
EDITM D 4608 7-11-88 2:27p
EDITS D 12800 7-11-88 2:28p
ENVSTR D 4480 7-11-88 2:28p
EXPR D 11008 7-12-88 9:04a
FILE1262 TXT 4613 1-16-89 11:08a
FMOVE D 1024 7-11-88 2:28p
FSTRNG D 1792 7-11-88 2:29p
GETMWORD D 512 7-11-88 2:29p
GO BAT 38 10-19-87 3:56p
GO TXT 1002 12-14-88 11:08a
LIST D 10880 7-11-88 2:25p
LWRCS D 1024 7-11-88 2:29p
MANUAL BAT 150 1-16-89 11:35a
MOVE BAT 896 7-12-88 8:22a
MOVEAPP BAT 896 7-12-88 9:08a
MOVEDEV BAT 384 7-12-88 8:22a
READ ME 4992 7-27-88 9:27a
SCRNBK D 3072 7-11-88 2:29p
SHADE D 13312 7-11-88 2:29p
SHDDO D 10752 7-11-88 2:30p
TRIM D 1152 7-11-88 2:30p
UPRCS D 1152 7-11-88 2:30p
VIDOFF D 1536 7-11-88 2:30p
VIDWRT D 7552 7-11-88 2:30p
_CRSR D 512 7-11-88 2:21p
_DEC D 1536 7-11-88 2:21p
_DPL D 2560 7-11-88 2:21p
_DV1616 D 896 7-11-88 2:21p
_ENC D 1792 7-11-88 2:21p
_FILEIO D 24064 7-11-88 2:22p
_HSTOI D 1408 7-11-88 2:22p
_IFS D 1536 7-11-88 2:22p
_INKY D 768 7-11-88 2:22p
_ITOBS D 1024 7-11-88 2:23p
_ITOHS D 896 7-11-88 2:23p
_SCONCAT D 640 7-11-88 2:24p
_STREND D 1024 7-11-88 2:24p
59 file(s) 275232 bytes
22528 bytes free