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PC-SIG Diskette Library (Disk #1076)
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Information about “MANDELBROT & JULIA SET GENERATOR (1241)”
MANDEL generates and displays marvelously beautiful images based upon
the recently developed area of mathematics called "fractal geometry."
With this program, you can create an unlimited number of new images,
change the colors of the images, and save the images to a disk file.
Sample images are included, and on-line help suggests numerical values,
making it easy to begin.
The program has two outstanding features: the assignment of color masks
to create an unlimited range of color variations for each image, and the
ability to zoom in and magnify selected portions of the screen.
MANDEL is a comprehensive program that takes some time to create a new
image, but once saved to disk the image can be displayed on the screen
more quickly. You can also generate Julia images, which are similar to
the Mandelbrot images, but require different numerical values to create
the image. The documentation has suggested readings for more
information on Mandelbrot and Julia set images.
FILE1076.TXT
Disk No: 1076
Program Title: MANDELBROT & JULIA SET GENERATOR for EGA/VGA (Disk 1 of 2)
PC-SIG version: 1.1
This disk adds additional patterns to the original program that allowed
you to generate detailed and colorful mathematical patterns called
fractals. Patterns are based upon a recently developed part of
mathematics called "fractal geometry," which creates images in which
each smaller part of the image has the same pattern as the whole part of
the image. With this program, you can generate an unlimited amount of
new images, change the colors of the images, and save the images to a
disk file.
MANDELBROT is a comprehensive program that takes some time to generate a
new image, but once saved to disk the image can be displayed on the
screen more quickly. It lets you create "Mandelbrot set" images and
"Julia set" images. The Julia images are similar to the Mandelbrot
images, but require different numerical values to be inputted to
generate the image. On-line help displays suggest numerical values for
both Mandelbrot and Julia images. Sample images are already included,
and the documentation has suggested readings for more information on
Mandelbrot and Julia set images.
Usage: Fractal Images/Mandelbrot and Julia Set Generator.
Special Requirements: EGA or VGA graphics and monitor.
How to Start: Type GO (press enter).
Suggested Registration: $20.00
File Descriptions:
COLOR MSK Default color mask.
COLOR01 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR02 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR03 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR04 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR05 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR06 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR07 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR08 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR09 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR10 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR11 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR12 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR13 MSK Sample color mask.
COLOR14 MSK Sample color mask.
HELP1 Help screen file.
JULIAEGA Sample Julia image for EGA systems.
JULIAEGA HDR Header file with input parameters.
M1 Sample Mandelbrot image for VGA systems.
M1 HDR Header file with input parameters.
MANDEL EXE Mandelbrot/Julia set program.
MANUAL DOC Instruction manual for MANDEL
PRINTMAN BAT Batch file to print documentation.
SCREEN1 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu.
SCREEN2 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu.
SCREEN3 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu.
SCREEN4 Small Julia image for main menu.
SCREEN5 Small Julia image for main menu.
SCREEN6 Small Julia image for main menu.
PC-SIG
1030D E Duane Avenue
Sunnyvale Ca. 94086
(408) 730-9291
(c) Copyright 1988,89 PC-SIG, Inc.
GO.TXT
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ <<<< Disk No 1076 MANDEL VGA & EGA >>>> ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
║ To copy the documentation to your printer, type: PRINTMAN (press enter) ║
║ ║
║ To start the program, type: MANDEL (press enter) ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
MANUAL.DOC
MANDEL
Version 3.0
MANDELBROT - JULIA SET GENERATOR
MANDEL is a comprehensive program that generates and displays
Mandelbrot and Julia sets, using VGA or EGA graphics. MANDEL
autodetects the graphics hardware available and initializes the
software for either VGA or EGA. The images produced are 480 pixels
square in VGA mode and 480 x 350 in EGA, with a choice of 16 different
colors. Images are generated and then stored on disk and the colors
for the various dwell values, assigned to each pixel, can be changed.
Standard color masks can be assigned and stored on disk for each
image. Image files are automatically stored in compressed format and
decompressed on retrieval, thereby saving disk space and improving
speed. Users not completely familiar with Mandelbrot and Julia sets
are referred to the following publications:
Dewdney, A.K. Computer Recreations column. Scientific American,
August 1985. (This was the first major article on the Mandelbrot set
that caught the attention of the public.)
Gleick, J. Chaos, Making a New Science. Viking, New York, 1987.
Peitgen, H.O. & Richter, P.H. The Beauty of Fractals. Springer-
Verlag, New York, 1985.
Peitgen, H.O. & Saupe, D. The Science of Fractal Images.
Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988.
To start the program simply type MANDEL at the DOS prompt. The
main menu displays six small samples of Mandelbrot and Julia sets and
the various commands that are available.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
M - Generate Mandelbrot set.
This command produces a Mandelbrot set. The pixels in the array
are both displayed and stored on a disk file as they are generated.
Each pixel has a dwell value assigned to it which represents the size
or magnitude associated with that point of the array. The image can be
viewed later with the "D" command. The user is asked for a new file
name, the center point of the array and the magnification. The
magnification is defined as 2 divided by the image width. The values
-1.7 0 8
represent an image centered at x = -1.7, y = 0 and a magnification of
8. These values would generate the array from -1.825 to -1.575 in the
x direction and -0.125 to 0.125 in the y direction. Note that spaces
separate the numbers and that a leading zero must be put before the
decimal point on decimal values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
J - Generate Julia set.
This command is similar to the "M" command except different values
are input. A good value for the center point and magnification is
always
0 0 0.5
although a slightly larger value for the magnification like 0.6 or 0.7
will often enlarge the interesting part of the image slightly. A point
in the plane must also be chosen, and should be from the boundary
region of the Mandelbrot set, for example 0.32 0.043.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
P - Plot dwell values of a stored Mandelbrot or Julia set.
This function has you type in the file name and then reads and
sums all of the various dwell values of an image file. The sum for
each value is then plotted in the colors assigned by the current color
mask. This function is useful when trying to decide what colors should
be assigned to the various ranges of dwell values that exist for a
given image. Samples of the 16 different colors available and their
numbers are also displayed. The maximum dwell value should be kept to
511 when using this plot feature.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
D - Display Mandelbrot or Julia set.
A previously generated Mandelbrot or Julia set can be displayed on
the screen using this command. On startup a default color mask is loaded
and unless changed will be used to determine the colors used for the
various dwell values that were stored for each image file. The user
chooses an image file to display by pressing the <Enter> key when the
desired image file name is highlighted. The highlighted area can be
moved with the arrow keys. If the user interrupts the generation of a
Mandelbrot or Julia set, such that the image is only partially
completed, the generation can be continued by simply displaying the
partial image at which point the image will be completed.
Users can break out of the generation or display of a Mandelbrot
or Julia set by simply pressing the <Esc> key. The program will halt
and return to DOS after finishing the current line when generating an
image; when displaying an image the <Esc> will return the program to the
main menu.
After an image has been displayed the following functions are
available through the Alt toggle keys:
Alt B - Blank Side Panels.
This function simply blanks out the side panels with the XCent,
YCent, Mag, etc. information and the Color Mask. This creates a cleaner
display screen for those who wish to take photographs of the images.
After the side panels have been blanked pressing any key will return the
program to the main menu.
Alt Z - The Zoom Function.
This function makes the generation of new images at increased
magnification very easy. After an image has been displayed using the D
command, enter an Alt Z (hold down the Alt key and enter a letter Z). A
small window with a center crosshair will appear in the center of the
displayed image. This zoom window can be moved around with the following
keys:
Arrow up - moves the zoom window up one pixel
Arrow down - moves the zoom window down one pixel
Arrow left - moves the zoom window left one pixel
Arrow right - moves the zoom window right one pixel
Alt L - inceases the size of the zoom window
Alt S - decreases the size of the zoom window
After the zoom window has been placed such that it surrounds the
area of the image to be magnified, enter an Alt G and the new image will
be generated. To exit the Zoom Function without generating a new image
press the <Esc> key.
Note that as the zoom window is moved about, the new values for X-
Center, Y-Center and Magnification which will be used for the magnified
image, are updated and displayed in the upper left.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
S - Display, Load, Create a color mask or Set the maximum dwell
value (10 - 10,000).
These are very useful functions that make a big difference in the
appearance of the images that are displayed.
Choosing the "C" subcommand will prompt the user for a file name
and an array of numbers that defines a color mask. Color mask names
must have the extension .MSK, the default color mask being COLOR.MSK.
Each line input should consist of four numbers, separated by spaces (not
commas). The four numbers are the low range dwell value, the high range
dwell value, the color for odd dwell values and the color for even dwell
values. The numbers
10 19 1 2
would mean color the odd dwell values between 10 and 19 with color 1
(blue), and the even dwell values with color 2(green). If a solid
color is desired the two color numbers should be the same. When the
chosen number of lines has been input (maximum of 32), they are stored
on disk as a color mask, which can be loaded later, replacing the
default color mask. The default color mask is:
LowRange HighRange Color1 Color2
--------------------------------
0 19 1 1
20 29 14 1
30 34 4 4
35 49 12 12
50 99 14 14
100 511 0 0
The color numbers are:
0 - Black 8 - Dark Gray
1 - Blue 9 - Light Blue
2 - Green 10 - Light Green
3 - Cyan 11 - Light Cyan
4 - Red 12 - Light Red
5 - Magenta 13 - Light Magenta
6 - Brown 14 - Yellow
7 - Light Gray 15 - White
The "L" subcommand loads an existing color mask you have created
from disk. Color mask files must have the extension .MSK. The
highlighted color mask will be loaded when the <Enter> key is pressed.
The "D" subcommand displays the current color mask MANDEL will use
while generating a new image or displaying a previously stored image.
The "S" subcommand allows the user to set the maximum dwell value.
The default value is 511, and range of possible values the user can
set is from 10 to 10,000. Simple plots of wide areas can use smaller
values which will shorten the computation time for new images. Larger
values are necessary if good detail is wanted on images that are
highly magnified.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
H - The Help command.
The Help command displays a screen of suggested input values and
the default color mask.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Converting Version 1.0 files for use with versions 2.0 and higher.
The file that contains an image is simply the named file without any
extension. For example, if you generate an image TEST1 then the image
itself is stored in a file named TEST1 and the initial input parameters
are stored in TEST1.HDR. As it turns out, the TEST1 file will be
identical in any version, ie. Ver. 1.0 and 2.0 produce the same
compressed data file. The only reason you can't use your files created
with Ver. 1.0 is that they lack a header (.HDR) file. This is a simple
matter to fix.
To add the header files (those with extension .HDR) to files generated with
Ver. 1.0 such that they can be used with higher numbered versions, assume you
have a Ver. 1.0 image file called MAN01:
1. Begin generation of a new image file for MAN01 using the same input
parameters. Use a temporary name for this image such as TEMP. Note that
the values for XMin, YMin and Side will have to first be converted to
the new input values XCent, YCent and Mag used by Ver. 2.0 and higher.
The equations to convert these values are as follows:
XCent = XMin+(Side*0.5)
YCent = YMin+(Side*0.5)
Mag = 2/Side
2. Once generation begins immediately press <Esc> and the program will quit
after one vertical line has been produced.
3. At the DOS prompt erase the TEMP file by typing:
ERASE TEMP
4. Next rename the TEMP.HDR file to MAN01.HDR by typing the following at
the DOS prompt.
RENAME TEMP.HDR MAN01.HDR
At this point re-enter the MANDEL program and the MAN01 image file should
be useable by Ver. 2.0 and higher.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some suggested parameters for Mandelbrot sets are:
XCent YCent Mag
----------------------------------
(1) 0 0 0.5
(2) -0.745195 0.112675 1400
(3) -0.745915 0.110235 195
(4) -0.165 0.9898 40
(5) -0.7454286 0.1129948 142857
(6) -1.9425955 0 158640
(7) -0.597717 0.6633617 200
(8) -0.7700834 0.1131875 200
Suggested Julia set parameters are:
XCent YCent Mag A B
-------------------------------------------------
(1) 0 0 0.833333 0.32 0.043
(2) 0 0 0.666667 -0.194 0.6557
(3) 0 0 0.625 0 1.0
(4) 0 0 0.555555 -1.25 0
(5) 0 0 0.625 -0.74543 0.11301
Any center point of an interesting Mandelbrot set makes a good
choice for the A and B values for a Julia set.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The files on this disk are:
MANDEL EXE 72464 Mandelbrot/Julia set program
SCREEN1 5258 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu
SCREEN2 5258 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu
SCREEN3 5258 Small Mandelbrot image for main menu
SCREEN4 5258 Small Julia image for main menu
SCREEN5 5258 Small Julia image for main menu
SCREEN6 5258 Small Julia image for main menu
HELP1 1694 Help screen file
COLOR MSK 48 Default color mask
COLOR01 MSK 32 Sample color mask
COLOR02 MSK 32 Sample color mask
COLOR03 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR04 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR05 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR06 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR07 MSK 40 Sample color mask
COLOR08 MSK 64 Sample color mask
COLOR09 MSK 96 Sample color mask
COLOR10 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR11 MSK 48 Sample color mask
COLOR12 MSK 160 Sample color mask
COLOR13 MSK 256 Sample color mask
COLOR14 MSK 256 Sample color mask
MANUAL DOC 16440 Instruction manual for MANDEL (this file)
PCSIG TXT 1697 List of files on the disk
M1 49448 Sample Mandelbrot image for VGA systems
M1 HDR 65 Header file with input parameters
JULIAEGA 107116 Sample Julia image for EGA systems
JULIAEGA HDR 65 Header file with input parameters
M2D 214246 Sample Mandelbrot image for VGA systems
M2D HDR 85 Header file with input parameters
JULIAX1 118854 Sample Julia image for VGA systems
JULIAX1 HDR 65 Header file with input parameters
A sample Mandelbrot and Julia image can be found in files M2D and
JULIAX1. The default color mask works well with JULIAX1 and COLOR13.MSK
should be loaded to use with M2D. JULIAEGA is provided as a sample image
for EGA systems.
REGISTRATION FORM
Copies of this program may be freely shared with other users.
Shareware users are invited to support the author and register their
copies. The form found below should be used for registration. Registered
users will receive a disk with a listing of MANDEL in Turbo Pascal 5.0,
an updated MANDEL version with any improvements, an updated manual and
additional Mandelbrot and Julia image files. In addition an 8087/80287
version of MANDEL is included which provides improved speed for machines
with a coprocessor. The registration fee is $20. and should be sent to:
Theron Wierenga, P.O. Box 595, Muskegon, MI 49443
Name____________________________________________________________
Address_________________________________________________________
City_______________________________________State_____Zip________
Disk size desired: 5 1/4 in._______ 3 1/2 in._______
How did you receive your copy of this program?__________________
________________________________________________________________
What type of computer are you using for MANDEL?_________________
________________________________________________________________
Suggested improvements__________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #1076
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
COLOR MSK 48 4-07-88 11:08p
COLOR01 MSK 32 4-14-88 8:20p
COLOR02 MSK 32 4-14-88 5:08p
COLOR03 MSK 48 4-14-88 9:03p
COLOR04 MSK 48 4-08-88 10:55a
COLOR05 MSK 48 7-01-88 8:33a
COLOR06 MSK 48 7-09-88 5:15p
COLOR07 MSK 40 8-22-88 10:22p
COLOR08 MSK 64 4-27-88 2:49p
COLOR09 MSK 96 4-30-88 9:39a
COLOR10 MSK 48 4-17-88 10:53p
COLOR11 MSK 48 11-06-88 8:34p
COLOR12 MSK 160 11-10-88 5:38p
COLOR13 MSK 256 11-12-88 10:16p
COLOR14 MSK 256 11-13-88 6:34p
FILE1076 TXT 2741 1-10-89 11:17a
GO BAT 38 5-31-88 3:29p
GO TXT 540 5-31-88 3:31p
HELP1 1694 11-19-88 4:10p
JULIAEGA 107116 9-13-88 6:49p
JULIAEGA HDR 65 9-13-88 5:10p
M1 49448 11-07-88 1:12a
M1 HDR 65 11-06-88 10:02p
MANDEL EXE 72464 11-22-88 5:58p
MANUAL DOC 16440 11-22-88 6:01p
PRINTMAN BAT 147 5-31-88 2:16p
SCREEN1 5258 4-05-88 7:44p
SCREEN2 5258 4-05-88 8:21p
SCREEN3 5258 4-05-88 7:23p
SCREEN4 5258 4-06-88 10:27a
SCREEN5 5258 4-06-88 9:47a
SCREEN6 5258 4-06-88 10:54a
32 file(s) 283578 bytes
12288 bytes free