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Information about “ALAN’S TEXT EDITOR”
Alan's Text Editor & Spreadsheet is a full screen ASCII text processor
program with simple wordprocessing functions, including multi-file
capabilities. The program is well supported with documentation and
help menus, but does require an understanding of ASCII text editing.
The spreadsheet is functional, but clumsy. Sample spreadsheet files
include balloon payments, loan mortgages and other simple accounting
uses.
System Requirements: 128K, two disk drives and monochrome display
How to Start: Load DOS and type AE to enter the ASCII editor program.
Type AC to enter the spreadsheet program. Consult README and the .DOC
files for program documentation.
Suggested Registration: $35.00
File Descriptions:
AE HLP Help Screens for Alan's Editor
AE DOC Documentation for Alan's Editor - printer formatted manual
AE EXE Alan's Editor ASCII Text Processor Program
-------- --- Alan's Editor
BUDGET AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Household Budget Calculations
SUMMARY AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Business Budget Summary
BALANCE AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Checkbook Balancing exercize
MORT AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Amortgage on a loan
BALLOON AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Balloon Payments for car purchas
AC DOC Documentation for Alan's Calc - printer formatted manual
AC EXE Alan's Calc Spreadsheet Program
-------- --- Alan's Spreadsheet
SHEET2 AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Work Sheet #2 for Summary
SHEET1 AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Linked Work Sheet #1 for Summary
README Author's Introduction to files on disk.
XYZCO AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Financial Data, XYZCO
AC.DOC
ALAN'S CALC
(C) Alan C. Elliott, 1985
Mission Technologies
P.O. Box 1169
Cedar Hill, Texas 75104
C_O_N_D_I_T_I_O_N_S_:_
This program is made available through the "user supported"
concept. You may copy and distribute this program, but
neither it nor any of the documentation may be altered. The
program may not be distributed commercially except as a part
of a PC user's group or similar organization.
You are encouraged to contribute to the support of this
program ($35 suggested). This will make you a registered
user, and will put you on the update and newsletter mailing
list. Site licenses, and source code licenses are also
available. Please refer to the order form at the back of
this manual.
DESCRIPTION of Alan's Calc
Alan's Calc (or AC for short) is a simple to use spreadsheet
program. It allows you to enter numbers and text on the
computer screen, and define relationships between the
numbers. Once these relationships are defined, you may
change some numbers, and the program will automatically
recalculate all of the relationships. With Alan's CALC you
san ask those "WHAT IF" questions. It can be used for
financial modelling, budget calculations, scientific
calculations, and more.
PREPARING TO USE AC
The only file required to use AC is the file named AC.EXE.
Note that you MUST include AC.DOC whenever the program is
distributed. However, we will see that there is another
file, which you can create, which sets up default values for
storage disk, tab settings, and colors.
1
Alan's Calc
____________________________________________________________
Use on Floppy
To setup AC for use on a floppy, first format a floppy disk
with the "/S" option. Then copy the files AC.EXE, AC.DOC,
and all files with an ".AC" extension to the newly formatted
diskette. Set up the initialization files as indicated later
in thes manual, usually specifying disk "B" as the storage
diskette.
Use on Hard disk
To use AC on a hard disk, copy the files AC.EXE to the hard
disk (usually to the ROOT directory) AC.EXE can be placed in
any directory (such as ROOT) if the paths are properly set
(See the DOS manual). Also, see the section on how to set up
initialization files. With AC in the ROOT directory, the
PATH should at least be "PATH ;_".
To begin the AC program (here from disk C), enter
C>AC
2
Alan's Calc
____________________________________________________________
CONTENTS
SECTION 1.INTRODUCTION
Overview....................................4
Capabilities................................4
Requirements................................4
How To Start AC.............................5
How to Stop The AC..........................5
If Errors Occur.............................5
SECTION 2.Fundamental Concepts
Fundamental Concepts........................6
The Table...................................6
Arithmetic Relations Supported..............8
When First You Calc.........................9
Text and Numbers...........................10
Function Options........................11-12
Control Commands...........................13
SECTION 3.How to Use AC
Getting Acquainted......................15-16
Formats....................................16
Understanding the Structure.............17-18
Checkbook Balancing........................19
Linking Tables..........................20-23
Printing a Table...........................24
Saving a Table.............................24
Suspending Calculations....................25
Amortization Example....................26-27
Balloon Note Example.......................28
Household Budget Example...................29
Editing the Relations Table................30
APPENDICIES
Error conditions...........................31
Specifications.............................32
Initialization file........................33
INDEX......................................35
ORDER FORM.................................36
3
Alan's Calc - Introduction
Section One
Introduction
Overview
AC is an electronic spreadsheet which allows you
to create tables of text and numeric relations.
Once such a table is designed, changing one or
more numbers in the table causes all related
numbers to be recalculated before your eyes. Each
table consists of 14 columns and 60 rows of cells.
Each cell is 9 characters wide. Tables may be
linked together to form larger models. AC is
designed to be simple and straightforward to use.
The time required to learn to use AC is generally
less than one hour. No previous computer
experience is required. This manual consists of
step-by-step instructions, and a wide variety of
examples to get you started. Many of the examples
may be used immediately for your household or
business needs.
Capabilities
AC may be used to design applications from simple
household budgets to complex mathematical and
scientific models. Basic arithmetic relations are
available as well as scientific mathematical
functions such as SINE, COSINE, TANGENTS,
EXPONENTIATION, and others.
Requirements
Requires an IBM Personal Computer with 128K or
more of memory and DOS. Monochrome or color
monitor is supported.
Keep Backups
We recommend that you keep the original AC
diskette in a safe place, as a backup of the
program diskette. Keep backups of all files you
create to avoid accidental loss of valuable
information.
4
Alan's Calc - Introduction
INITIALIZATION FILE
Default conditions pertaining to storage disk and
color selections for the table are set in a file
named AC.INI. This procedure is described in the
APPENDIX. It is not necessary for you to set up
this file to operate AC. However, it allows you to
pre-set some initial(default) conditions which may
be handy.
HOW TO START
With the working copy of AC in the A disk drive,
the command to begin AC is
A>AC
HOW TO STOP
Once Spread is running, you may stop the program
by pressing the Esc key, and answering the
question
End (Y/N) _
by pressing the "Y" key.
IF ERRORS OCCUR
If errors occur, an error message will appear on
the screen. Usually, you may simply press the
ENTER key to recover. Appendix 1 explains the
error messages, and gives more details.
5
Alan's Calc - Introduction
Section Two
Fundamental Concepts
Spread is an electronic spreadsheet. It allows you
to create tables of text and numeric
relationships, which allows you to analyze
budgets, loans, cost estimates, etc. on the
computer screen. After relationships have been
established, changing one or more numbers will
cause all related numbers to be recalculated
automatically. This gives you the power to quickly
answer questions about "What if a certain number
were different?"
Several definitions need to be established to
understand the instructions in this manual.
THE TABLE
The word "table" will refer to the "spreadsheet"
which is displayed on the computer monitor.
CELL
A "cell" is a block of nine characters located in
the table and referred to by a "letter-number"
name such as A1 or N60.
POSITION
Each cell is identified by a position. This
position consists of the column and row
designation (the location) of the cell. The
columns are labeled from A to N, and the rows are
labeled from 1 to 60.
RELATIONS
This word will refer to arithmetic relations such
as A1+G2 or Log(E4).
STRUCTURE
The structure of a table is the text and
arithmetic relations which determine the function
and appearance of the table.
6
Alan's Calc - Introduction
The Table
CELL:A1 ENTER
|---A---||---B---||---C---||---D---||---E---||---F---||---G---||---H---|
1 : _
2 :
3 :
4 :
5 :
6 :
7 :
8 :
9 :
10 :
11 :
12 :
13 :
14 :
15 :
16 :
17 :
18 :
19 :
20 :
1-Save 2-Get 3-Copy 4-Review 5-Options 6-Fetch 7-window 8-Clr 9-Print 10-Frmat
ESC-End CTRL A-Alpha C-Cancl D-DelRw I-InsRw L-Lck R-RJ S-Susp Calc > DISK:B
Columns are lettered from A to N and rows are numbered from
1 to 60. Each cell is referenced by a Column Row
designation. The upper left cell is A1, to its right is B1,
etc. Only a portion of the table is displayed at any time.
See page 10 for moving the table vertically or horizontally.
7
Alan's Calc - Introduction
Arithmetic Relations
Supported
The following relationships are available as pairwise
operators.
+ : addition
- : subtraction
/ : division
* : multiplication
^ : exponentiation
Since these operators must be used pairwise, A1+B1 is a
legal operation, whereas A1+B1+C1 is not. This is no
problem, since the latter can be handled by stacking
operations, which will be discussed later.
In addition to the arithmetic relationships defined, the
following mathematical functions are also available.
LOG : natural logarithm
SQR : square root
EXP : exponential function
SIN : sine function
COS : cosine function
TAN : tanget
ATN : arctanget
INT : returns integral part of a number
ABS : returns absolute value of a number
Example : LOG(A1), SIN(3.14), etc.
Special Functions
SUMCOL or SUMROW - Sums numbers below or to the left of the
appropriate command.
SUM(N#-N#) - Sums a range of numbers vertically or
horizontally.
8
Alan's Calc - Introduction
When First You CALC
After preparing the diskette in a manner described earlier
in these instructions, you may begin AC with the command...
A>AC
Find the arrow keys on the numeric pad to the right of the
keyboard. Notice that by pressing the down arrow key, the
cursor moves down a column, and by the right arrow key the
cursor moves to the right one cell. The cursor is initially
positioned at the beginning of a cell.
Pressing the "Home" key moves the cursor to the upper left
corner. Pressing the "End" key moves the cursor horizontally
to the last cell on the screen.
The Upper Right Corner
Notice the word ENTER in the upper right corner of the
screen. This tells you that AC is ready for you to begin
entry of text. When you begin entry, this designation will
change to "Entry in progress", and the field in which the
entry is being made will be displayed in reverse video. The
o_n_l_y_ way to end an entry is by pressing the ENTER key, or
canceling the entry with a CTRL-C command. Corrections to
the entry before you press the enter key may be made with
the backup key (<--) located next to the "=" key.
After the entry of text or numbers, the upper right
designation will be "Please Wait". During this time, text is
being stored, or calculations are being performed. You must
wait for the "ENTER" designation to resume entering text.
9
Alan's Calc - Introduction
The Difference Between
Text and Numbers
A NUMBER
In this program, a NUMBER is text which matches the standard
notions of a number. Any text containing a letter, such as
10E1 is not recognized as a number.
A RELATION
A RELATION is any expression other than a number that
contains a "+", "-", "/", "*", or "^". In addition, a
relation can be "XXX( )" where XXX is one of 9 functions
previously listed. Also, the words SUMCOL, SUMROW or SUM(..)
are relations. Relations must not contain any blanks. For
example, A1+B1 is correct, whereas A1 + B1 is not.
TEXT
If an entry is neither a number nor a relation, it is
assumed to be text.
CTRL-A Forces ALPHA Mode
By pressing CTRL-A, an entry will be automatically treated
as text, no matter what it contains. As an example, enter
3+4 on the screen. The number 7 will be displayed. Now press
CTRL-A and enter the same text. This time the entry is not
changed ... it was treated as text. Entering text which
contains a relation operator such as + or / will force AC to
check for a relation. If none is found, the entry is assumed
to be text. This may cause a long "please wait". Using the
F3 key may avoid this delay.
10
Alan's Calc - Introduction
Function Options
ESC - End
Ends AC program ,and returns you to the DOS system.
F1 - Save
This function allows you to save the s_t_r_u_c_t_u_r_e_ of the AC
table. By this we mean that all of the text and numeric
relations are saved in a file, and may be retrieved at a
later date for future use.
F2 - Get
This function allows you to get a table which has previously
been saved using the F1 option.
F3 - Copy
This function allows copying of row or columns. This
replication allows you to enter a row containing relations,
and to copy that row to another place, in which you want the
same type of relations.
F4 - Review Relations
This function allows you to review, delete or copy the
relations that have been set up in the AC Table.
F5 - Options
This function allows you to change cursor direction, set a
password, get a directory of files on disk, delete files,
and change the storage disk.
F6 - Define Fetch Files
This function allows you to define fetch files (which will
be covered in detail later.)
F7 - Window
This function allows you to select a vertical window
position which will cause the table to the left of some
selected column to always be displayed no matter where in
the table you are working.
11
Alan's Calc - Introduction
F8 - Clear
This function clears the current contents of the AC table.
All text and relations will be cleared, and a blank table
will appear.
F9 - Print
This function allows you to print a copy of the table to a
file or to a printer. You will be given an opportunity to
specify the dimensions of the table you wish to be printed
(print only part of a table). Printing a copy of the table
to a file allows it to be used in word processing programs
such as VersaText.
F10 - Format
This function allows you to specify the format to be used in
printing the table. Specifically, you may choose to force
numbers to appear to two decimal places (such as dollars and
cents). Very large or very small numbers may be printed in a
format chosen by the program.
PgUp and PgDn
These keys, located on the numeric pad, allow you to move
the table up or down. Pressing CTRL-PgUp will cause the
uppermost portion of the table to be displayed. Likewise,
pressing CTRL-PgDn will cause the bottom of the table to be
displayed.
Horizontal Move
When the cursor is in the far right field, pressing the
right arrow key will cause the table to move in such a way
to display two more columns to the right (until the limit is
reached). Likewise, moving the cursor to the left, and
pressing the left arrow key will cause the table to move
horizontally to the right. Pressing the Ctrl backspace key
(the <-- key located next to the "Num Lock" key) will take
you to the far left of the table, and pressing the Ctrl-End
key will take you to the far right of the table. CTRL-Home
will move you to the upper left "home" position of the
table.
12
Alan's Calc - Introduction
Control (CTRL) Commands
CTRL-A
Set ALPHA mode - entry will automatically be treated as
text.
CTRL-C
Cancel an entry which is in progress.
CTRL-D
CTRL-D allows you to delete a row of the table. A row which
contains numbers or relations may not be deleted.
CTRL-I
CTRL-I allows you to insert a blank row in the table,
provided the 60th row is blank. All rows below the inserted
row will be moved down, with relations intact.
CTRL-L
This command locks the cell from further entry. This can be
used to protect cells containing relations from being
accidentally changed. If a cell is alread locked, CTRL-L
unlocks it.
CTRL-R
Turns on/off right justify. When on, this causes textual
entries less than 9 characters in length to be right
justified within the cell.
CTRL-S
CTRL-S suspends calculation. This may be used when a number
of changes are to be made to a table, and you do not wish to
wait for calculations to take place for each changed
variable. A following example will illustrate the use of
CTRL-S.
13
AC - How To Use It
Section Three
How to Use AC
A Getting Acquainted Tutorial
In this section we will put AC through its paces, and see
what it can do. As mentioned earlier, AC is started by
issuing the command "AC" at the "A>" DOS prompt. (or ">C"
when using a hard disk)
A>AC
If this does not work properly, please consult the
instructions at the first of the manual.
Putting AC Through its Paces
Once AC screen has appeared, move the cursor around on the
screen with the arrow keys located on the number pad to the
right of the keyboard. Notice that the cursor always jumps
to the beginning of a cell, and that the name of the cell
always appears in the upper left corner of the screen. If
the cursor is moved to the far right of the screen, a new
screen, (the table moved one cell to the left) will appear.
Moving the cursor to the extreme right will cause the
portion of the table in view to move to the right (until the
limit of the table is reached). Similarly, the PgUp and PgDn
keys on the numeric pad may be used to move the table up and
down.
Other Fancy Moves
The Home key places the cursor in the upper left cell, and
the End key places the cursor in the last cell of a
particular row. Many of the move commands can be made to
take the table to its extremes. These commands require you
to jointly press the Ctrl key down (like a shift key), and
press the command key once. Thus, no matter where you are in
the table, the command Ctrl-Home will place you in the upper
left corner.
Expresso
Use the Ctrl-End to go to the cell at the extreme right of
the table. The Ctrl-"Backspace" (The key next to Num Lock)
14
AC - How To Use It
command will bring you back to the extreme left. Use the
Ctrl-PgDn to go to the bottom of the table, and the
Ctrl-PgUp to come back up.
Relations and Text
Let's enter a simple example to learn how to use AC. First,
make sure you have a cleared table (this may be done with
the F8 key). Let's say you want to know how much
(proportionally) an item (such as a coin in a coin
collection) has increased in value over the past year. You
know the price last year, and the price this year. Place the
cursor in A1, and enter "Last Year's Price". In A2 enter
"This Year's Price". In A3 enter the text "Net change", and
in A4 enter "Proportion Change". The formula for proportion
change is
T_h_i_s_ _Y_e_a_r_'_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_ _-_ _L_a_s_t_ _Y_e_a_r_'_s_ _P_r_i_c_e_
Last Year's Price
Breaking that down into pairwise relations, we have
Net Change= Last Year's Price - This Year's Price
Proportion Change = Net Change/Last Year's Price
Assuming that last year's Price for a coin was $100, we
enter the number 100 in cell C1. This year's Price is $125,
so we enter the number 125 in cell C2. To calculate Net
Change in cell C3, we enter the relation C2-C1. The number
25 will appear. To calculate proportion change in cell C4,
we enter the relation C3/C1, and 0.25 will appear.
Changing Values
If we change the value of Last Year's Price or This Year's
Price, the Net Change and Proportion Change will
automatically be recalculated. For instance, change the This
Year's Price to 200, by moving the cursor to the C2
position, entering 200, and pressing ENTER. Observe the
changes in Net Change and Proportion Change.
Short Stack
If you prefer to see percentages rather than proportions,
stack another relation at C4 to multiply the proportion by
100. Place the cursor at C4, and type in the relation
C4*100. This causes whatever is in cell C4 to be multiplied
by 100. Change the text "Proportion Change" to "Percent
Change".
15
AC - How To Use It
Here is How the Table Should Look
|---A---||---B---||---C---||
1: Last Year's Price 100.0
2: This Year's Price 125.0
3: Net Change 25.0
4: Percent Change 25.0
After changing Last Year's Price to 30 and This Year's Price
to 45, the table will look like this
|---A---||---B---||---C---||
1: Last Year's Price 30.0
2: This Year's Price 45.0
3: Net Change 15.0
4: Percent Change 50.0
Formats
Formats may be chosen, using the F10 function key, to select
the format in which numbers will be printed. The six choices
are
1) Default - AC decides how to display a number.
2) Display numbers with two decimal places ( such as 100.00
instead of 100.0)
3) Display numbers with commas signifying thousands, such as
1,000.00 instead of 1000.0
4) Display numbers as dollars, such as $100.00.
5) Display whole numbers, such as 1000 instead of 1000.05.
6) Whole numbers, with commas signifying thousands.
7) Numbers displayed to four decimal places.
Using the table you have just created, experiment with the
different available formats. Note, that you can select to
choose a format for the entire table, for a single cell, or
for a range of cells.
16
AC - How To Use It
Understanding the Structure
In order to make effective use of the AC, it is important to
understand clearly how the tables are formed. To clarify
this, consider the table below.
|---A---||---B---||---C---||---D---||---E---|
1: Numbers Col 1 Col 2 Col 3
2: ============================================
3: 1st Num. 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 <-- (B3+D3)
4: 2nd Num. 200.0 400.0 200.0 400.0 <-- (B4+D4)
5: 3rd Num. 300.0 100.0 500.0 400.0 <-- (B5+C5)
6: ---------------------------------------------
7: Totals 600.0 700.0 1000.0 1200.0
To construct this table, clear the current table (if there
is one) by using the F8 function key. You will be asked
"Clear Table (Y/N)?" Answer Y and a blank table will appear.
Begin Entry
Place the cursor at A1 and type in line 1. There is no need
to press the ENTER key until the entire line is typed. Now
type in line 2, using the equal "=" symbol. A_f_t_e_r_ reading
the rest of this paragraph, type in rows 3 to 5 one field at
a time. That is, type in "1st Num." and press the ENTER key,
type in "100" and press the ENTER key, etc. Do not type in
the numbers in column "E". The numbers in column E will be
calculated according to relations we will type in later.
Enter Relations for Column E
The relations for column E are noted in parentheses next to
the numbers. Place the cursor in cell E3 and type in B3+D3.
The number 400 will appear. Do the same for cell E4 and E5.
Enter line 6, a series of dashes.
Next, We Sum the Columns
Place the cursor in cell A7, type in "Totals",and press the
ENTER key. Next, place the cursor in cell B7 and type in
"SUMCOL". The number 600 will appear. Enter "SUMCOL" in
columns C, D and E also.
See What We Have Done
Press the F4 "Review" function key, and the following
relations, which we have entered, will be displayed.
17
AC - How To Use It
1. E3=B3+D3
2. E4=B4+D4
3. E5=B5+C5
4. B7=SUMCOL
5. C7=SUMCOL
6. D7=SUMCOL
7. E7=SUMCOL
If your list of relations does not match this list, please
begin the example over again.
To Correct a "Mistake"
Suppose you made a mistake in entering the relation in cell
E5. That is, suppose you r_e_a_l_l_y_ wanted to enter the relation
"B5+D5" instead of the present "B5+C5". Place the cursor at
E5, and enter the desired relation, B5+D5. Notice that the
correct sum of 800 appears. However, notice that the sum of
column E is now incorrect! Moreover, if we changed numbers
in the body of the table, the total would still come up
wrong. A quick check of the relations table will solve the
problem.
Look at the Relations
Press the F4 key, and you should see the following table.
1. E3=B3+D3
2. E4=B4+D4
3. E5=B5+C5
4. B7=SUMCOL
5. C7=SUMCOL
6. D7=SUMCOL
7. E7=SUMCOL
8. E5=B5+D5
Calculations Take Place in Logical Order
Since calculations take place in the same order as they are
created, we can see that the sum of column E occurred before
the last summation (B5+D5) took place. All can be made well
by deleting the relations "E5=B5+C5" and "E7=SUMCOL", and
then entering the SUMCOL in cell E7 again. Correct this
table by making these changes.
18
AC - How to Use It
Checkbook Balancing Act
An example AC table on your disk is called BALANCE. To get
it, press the F2 key, and enter BALANCE. This table can be
used to balance your checkbook. It requires that you enter
your bank statement amount, outstanding checks and fees, and
outstanding deposits and interest. From this, it gives you
the amount which should appear in your checkbook, as the
current balance.
Checkbook Account Reconciliation Form
Enter Outstanding Checks Enter Outstanding Deposits Enter Balance
(debts) here: (credits) here: from statement
Reference Amount Reference Amount here $ 716.41
100 23.34 Dep 11/2 230.33
101 125.00 Dep 11/4 1200.00 ----RESULTS------
102 12.54 Balance in
103 432.00 Checkbook should
be = $ 1553.86
Total Outstanding
Checks and fees
are = $ 592.88
Total Outstanding
Deps. and Int.
are = $ 1430.33
Notice that input of outstanding checks and deposits are in
columns B and E respectively. These columns are totaled on
row 50, which you can verify by paging down to the bottom of
the table (using Ctrl-PgDn). Your checkbook balance should
be Previous Balance-Debt+Credits, which appears under the
RESULTS sign. A total of outstanding Debts and Credits are
also given under the RESULTS sign. For your personal use,
you can enter your numbers over the sample numbers already
entered.
Can You Do It?
As an exercise to learn about how to create a AC table,
enter this table from a blank screen. In fact, all of the
examples in this manual have been created to use a variety
of AC's capabilities. Understanding how the examples were
created will help you design tables for your own needs.
19
AC - How to Use It
Linking Tables
Numbers in tables may be "linked" together by calling them
from one table to another. For example, you may develop a
budget for several departments, and then create a summary
budget table by fetching the subtotals from the various
department budgets. If you will not be using this feature,
this section may be skipped without loss of additional
information.
Defining Files
Before you can fetch data from other tables, you must first
define which files you will be using. This is performed with
the F6 function key. Each file will be referred to by
number.
One Time and Dynamic Fetch
You may fetch a number from a file on a one time basis,
which means that if it is changed in the original file, it
will n_o_t_ be affected in the new file. You may also define a
"dynamic" fetch. This type of fetch will be updated if the
number in the original file is changed.
Step-By-step
(1) Decide from which files you wish to fetch information
from, and specify them using the F6 function key, responding
to program prompts.
(2) Place the cursor in the cell where you want the fetched
number to be placed, and issue the fetch command.
The structure for these commands are:
!(#:NAME) - one time fetch
@(#:NAME) - dynamic fetch
where # is the number assigned to the file name by the F6
procedure, and where NAME refers to the cell name of the
number in the fetch file, such as A1, N50 or C23.
That's all there is to it. The following pages give an
example of the use of the fetch commands.
20
AC - How to Use It
Dynamic Fetch Example
Suppose you wanted to create a budget in which each section
was stored in a different table. Perhaps budgets are by
department, or category. Each budget could be developed on
individual tables, and a summary budget table could be
calculated using the dynamic fetch command. Here is a simple
example of how that works.
Suppose you create a budget sheet for salaries which looks
like this...
Budget Sheet #1 - Salaries
Employee Salary
William Carver 50000
Bill Engle 26300
Fred Fisher 24000
Muriel Mayberry 35000
Annette Williams 26000
Total Salaries 161300
The total, 161300, is in cell E13 for this example. Next you
create another sheet which contains expenses. It looks
like...
Budget Sheet #2 - Expenses
Item Yearly Cost
Rent 14000.00
Utilities 2500.00
Postage 5000.00
Supplies 12000.00
Repairs 3600.00
Telephone 2400.00
Printing 2400.00
Misc 3000.00
Total Expenses 44900.00
This time the total falls in cell E14.
21
AC - How to Use It
The Summary Sheet
The summary sheet is created by fetching the two totals from
sheet1 and sheet2 by first defining the two fetch files
(using function key F6) where sheet1 is file 1 and sheet2 is
file 2. The fetch is accomplished by placing the cursor in
the location where you wish the number to appear, and
issuing the command @(1:E13) to fetch the total from sheet1
and @(2:E14) to fetch the total from sheet2. The resulting
summary table looks like...
Summary Budget Table combining Sheet1 and Sheet2
Total Salaries from sheet 1 161300.0
Total Expenses from sheet 2 44900.0
=========
Total Expenses 206200.0
After All is Set Up
After such tables are set up, a change in one of the tables
sheet1 or sheet2 will result in an updated amount in the
summary table. These files are included on your AC diskette
for you to review. They are:
SHEET1 - Salary Information
SHEET2 - Expenses
SUMMARY - The Budget Summary Table
As an example, change a value on sheet1 or sheet2, and
observe the update which is made in the summary table. Note
that the dynamic fetch (which uses the "@" command) will be
updated, whereas the one time fetch command (using the "!")
will not be updated when the original file is changed.
On the next page, observe that one of the numbers in the
salary table has been changed. Notice that this change has
caused an update of the summary table.
22
AC - How to Use It
Note The Salary Change:
Budget Sheet #1 - Salaries
Employee Salary
William Carver 50000
Bill Engle 30000 <--Changed
Fred Fisher 24000
Muriel Mayberry 35000
Annette Williams 26000
Total Salaries 165000 <-- New Total
Note The Updated Summary Table
Summary Budget Table combining Sheet1 and Sheet2
Total Salaries from sheet 1 165000.0 <-- Updated
Total Expenses from sheet 2 44900.0
=========
Total Expenses 209900.0
A maximum of 20 files may be accessed at any one time with
the fetch command.
23
AC - How To Use It
Output to Printer or to a File
Using the F9 option, you may print a table to a printer or
to a file. When you press F9, you will be given an
opportunity to specify which part of the table is to be
printed. A table indicates the part of the current table to
be printed...
PRINT CRITERIA
Beginning Column A
Ending Column H
Beginning Row 1
Ending Row 20
ASCII code to printer 0
The cursor will be located on the "Beginning Column"
criteria. You may enter a different column letter, or press
ENTER to continue to the next criteria. The ASCII code
criteria calls for printer codes such as 27+49, which
signals the printer to enter a special mode (such as
condensed printing). Notice that is multiple number are to
be send, they should be separate by plus (+) signs.
Once you have gone down to the bottom of the criteria list,
you may choose to:
(R)eturn to table (P)rint (F)ile (C)hange options
Return will return you to the table without printing, Print
will begin the printing process, File will send a "picture"
of the table to a file, in which you will be asked to
specify a file name, and Change will return you to the
Beginning Column criteria and allow you to change any of the
criteria.
If the table is printed to a file, it may be merged into
word processing or other programs which will read standard
ASCII files (such as the VersaText Word Processing System).
Two Ways to Save a Table
Please note that when a table is saved using the F2 option,
the S_T_R_U_C_T_U_R_E_ of the table is saved, not a picture of what
appears on the screen. This F9 option WILL create a file
containing a picture of the table.
24
AC - How To Use It
SUSPEND CALCULATIONS
This page covers an advanced feature of AC. You may skip it
without loss of information until you need this feature.
The Ctrl-S option, which suspends calculations, has several
uses. When a number of changes are to be made in the numeric
entries in a table, this command will permit faster
turnaround between "Please Wait" and "ENTER". Another use of
this command is illustrated as follows.
Constant Update
Place the cursor in A1 and enter the number 22. Now place
the cursor in B1 and enter the relation B1+A1. The number 22
will appear. Move the cursor to A1 again, and enter the
number 10. B1 will change to 32. In effect, B1 is adding
itself to A1 every time a new entry is made. Now move the
cursor to C1 and enter any number. Notice that B1 is again
updated by the 10 currently in A1, and becomes 42. This is
called constant update. Whenever any number is entered into
the table, B1 updates itself.
A Particular Use
Suppose you create an "invoice maker" as a AC table, and you
want to keep a running total of the day's activities. By
creating a constantly updating total, you can do this.
However, you only want the total update once per invoice.
Therefore, while the invoice is being written, you want to
suspend calculations. When the entries are all placed in the
invoice, you turn calculations back on, which performs the
invoice calculations, and updates the day's total.
25
AC - How To Use It
AMORTIZATION EXAMPLE
An amortization table is a table which gives the amount of
principal and interest paid on a loan at the end of each
payment interval. The balance due at such time is also
tabled. In this example we demonstrate how AC can be used to
construct an amortization table.
It's Out There
To display this table on the screen, press the F2 key, and
specify the table MORT. The following table will be
displayed.
>---A---<>---B---><---C---><---D---><---E---><---F---><---G---><---H---
1 : LOAN ANALYSIS FOR AN AMORITIZED LOAN
2 : Sched.For next 12 periods
3 :Description..... House Loan Amounts Principal Int Bal
4 :========================================================================
5 :Enter amount of loan 65000.00 15.73 690.62 64984.27
6 :Enter interest rate per year 12.75 15.89 690.46 64968.38
7 :Enter number of years 30.00 16.06 690.29 64952.32
8 :Enter number of payments per year 12.00 16.23 690.12 64936.09
9 :Enter number of payments (N) made 0 16.41 689.95 64919.68
10 :--------------------------------------------- 16.58 689.77 64903.10
11 :Total number of payments 360 16.76 689.59 64886.34
12 :Amount of payment 706.35 16.93 689.42 64869.41
13 :Number of payments remaining 360 17.11 689.24 64852.30
14 :Payoff bal after 0.00th pmt. 65000.00 17.30 689.05 64835.00
15 :Total amount paid to date 0.00 17.48 688.87 64817.52
16 :Principal paid to date 0.00 17.67 688.69 64799.86
17 :Interest paid to date 0.00 ======= ======== ========
18 : AMORTIZATION TABLE TOTALS 200.15 8276.06 NA
The table as it now appears shows the monthly payment
required to payoff a $65000 loan in 30 years. It also shows
the total principal and interest paid, and gives a twelve
month amortization schedule. Note that all of the rows above
the single dotted line allow an entry on your part so that
you can obtain all of the information below the line for a
variety of loan amounts, interest rates, length of loan,
etc. To see this, change the loan above from monthly
payments (12 payments a year) to quarterly payments (4
payments per year) by changing the number on line eight from
12 to 4.
26
AC - How To Use It
Enter Your "Favorite" Loan
Use this table to enter your favorite loan amount. Recall
that you may only change numbers ABOVE the dashed line.
Changing values below that line will destroy the
relationships set up to perform these calculations. Of
course, if you do this by mistake, you may always get the
table again using the F2 key.
The Formula
This table is based on the following formula:
i
P= A* ------------
-n
1-(1+i)
where P is the payment, A is the amount borrowed, n is the
number of payments, and i is the interest rate per pay
period. If you are mathematically inclined, review the
relations table to see if you can follow the steps in
calculating P from the above formula.
Principal and Interest
Row 16 contains principal paid to date as specified by the
number of payments given in row 9. Similarly, interest to
date is in row 17. To find total interest, enter the total
number of payments in row 9. (This number is calculated for
you in row 11).
27
AC - How To Use It
Balloon Note Example
In the previous example, we demonstrated how AC can be used
to build an amortization schedule. This is a good example of
how AC can be used to tabulate virtually any finance
problem. This example is similar, except that it allows you
to choose the payment you want, which forces the last
payment to be a "balloon" payment (the payoff). This is
popular among used car salesmen. Any number above the dashed
line may be changed.
LOAN ANALYSIS FOR AN AMORITIZED LOAN,N-1 EQUAL PAYMENTS ,1 UNEQUAL PMT.
Description: Joe's Used Car (1964 Studebaker)
========================================================================
Enter amount of loan 1400.00
Enter interest rate in % per year 18.00 %
Enter number of years(N) 2.00
Enter number of payments per year 12.00
Enter amount of equal payment 50.00
Enter number of equal pmts. made to date 1.00
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of equal payments 23.00
Number of equal payments remaining 22.00
Amount of final payment 619.63
Payoff bal after 1.00th equal pmt 1371.00
Total amount paid to date 50.00
Principal paid to date 29.00
Interest paid to date 21.00
Notice that for a loan on a 1964 Studebaker from Joe's Used
Car Sales, we have selected a monthly payment of $50.00 on a
2 year loan. The "Amount of final payment" is 619.63. This
is the balloon payment which is due as the 24th payment.
28
AC - How To Use It
Household Budget Example
Finally, the last example explained in this manual is named
BUDGET. This table is a simple example of how you could plan
a household budget using AC.
Example of Monthly Budget Table
Amount available for this month's use is... 2000.00
Loan Payments Bills
House 450.00 VISA 150.00
Car 150.00 M.C. 35.00
Home Imp 125.00 Elect. 78.23
Furn. 56.75 Water 14.44
Gas 33.23
Phone 43.55
--------- ---------
Subtot#1 781.75 Subtot#2 354.45
Total amount of money needed to pay bills= 1136.20
Amount of money available after bills paid= 863.80
This is a simple table to produce. Each column of payments
is summed using SUMCOL. The "Total amount needed" is the sum
of each column, and the "Amount available after" is the
amount available minus the amount spent.
29
AC - How To Use It
Editing the Relations Table
The F4 function key displays the list of relations currently
established in a table. They could be thought of as a simple
computer program. While creating a table, it may be
necessary to alter this list of relations to achieve the
desired results. Two options are available to do this.
COPY RELATIONS
The F4 option allows you to copy an existing relation
anywhere in the relations list. If, for instance, you wish
to copy sixth relation so that it appeared as the third
relation, you may do so. This will cause the existing third
relation to be moved to four, four to five, etc. Thus, this
procedure allows you to rearrange the relations so they will
take place in the desired order. The copied relation remains
in the table.
DELETE RELATIONS
Another editing feature is the ability to delete relations.
This may be done by deleting one relation, or a range. After
choosing DELETE in the F4 option, you may enter a single
number, such as 6, or a range of numbers such as 6-12. After
deleting, relations below the deleted relations are moved up
an appropriate amount so that the relations always remain in
an unbroken consecutive order.
As you become more familiar with AC, these editing features
will allow you to create and edit complex tables with ease.
30
AC - APPENDICES
When Errors Occur
When an error is encountered, the following type of notice
will appear on the screen.
Error Detected Number 61 Reference 1000
This indicates that the program has encountered a barrier to
execution. Many times by simply pressing the ENTER key, the
program will recover.
If the program does not recover, please make a note of the
error number and reference. The meaning of the error codes
may be found in the IBM Personal Computer BASIC manual,
appendix A. For instance, code 61 indicates that the
diskette on which a file is to be stored is full. Most
errors such as this may be corrected by simple action on
your part.
If a puzzling error occurs, please make a note of the number
and reference, and contact Mission Technologies by mail. The
following is an abbreviated list of error codes.
Common Errors
24- Device Timeout (Printer is off)
25- Device Fault (Printer has malfunctioned)
27- Out of Paper
61- Disk full (diskette has used all available space)
67- Too many files (diskette contains maximum number of files)
70- Disk Write Protected
71- Disk Not Ready (Is the drive door closed?)
72- Disk Media Error (Your diskette may be bad)
It is possible to define impossible mathematical relations
such as 10/0, which may cause an "overflow" or "undeflow"
error. If recovery is not possible, you may press CTRL-Break
to end the program, or CTRL-Alt-Del to reboot.
31
AC - APPENDICES
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Maximum number of relations: 200
2) Maximum number of "fetch" files defined at any one time
is 20.
Extensions to names
When a table is saved without a filename extension, the
extension ".AC" is attached. Also, when a table is requested
in a "GET", the filename extension ".AC" is assumed when
none is given. A name may be given an extension such as
"TABLE.EXT", and it will be saved and retrieved as such.
When a default disk is specified in the INITIAL program, the
names of tables with the extension ".AC" will automatically
be displayed on the screen when a "GET" or "DIRECTORY" is
requested.
32
AC - APPENDICES
Setting up the initialization file
The fil AC.INI may be created, which will tell Calc which
default disky to use for storage, and what colors to use in
the program
Default Disk
Once a default diskette is defined, all saves and gets will
automatically assume that the table to get or save is on the
default diskette. Thus, if the default disk is B, you may
get the table "TABLE" instead of having to request
"B:TABLE". This may be overridden at any time by use of the
disk specification such as "A:TABLE". The default disk may
be changed by pressing the "OPTIONS" (F5) key.
COLORS
The INI file specifies the colors for...
1. The table outline.
2. Negative numbers.
3. Positive numbers.
4. Text.
You may, for instance choose to display negative numbers as
red on a color monitor, or in high intensity on a monochrome
monitor. You may change these color choices at any time
without affecting the operation of the table (except for
color).
To create the AC.INI file, use a standard ASCII text file
editor such as Alan's Editor or EDLIN. The first line in the
file should continan the letter of the default disk, such as
B or C. The following four lines should contain four color
indications for the specifications above. Each color
specification is two numbers separated by a comma. Look up
what colors are available in your BASIC manual, under the
COLOR statement. For example, your file may look like this:
C
0,7
0,7
7,0
7,0
33
AC - APPENDICES
INDEX
AMORTIZATION EXAMPLE 26 PRINT 12,24
ARITHMETIC RELATIONS 8 PRINTER CODES 24
BACKUPS 4 RELATIONS 6,10,15,18
BALLOON NOTE 28 REQUIREMENTS 3,32
BUDGET 29 REVIEW RELATIONS 11
CELL 6 ROW COPY 13
CHECKBOOK 19 SAVE 11,24
COLOR 33 SPECIFICATIONS 32
CONTROL COMMANDS 12,13 STOP 5
COPY 13,30 STRUCTURE 6,17
DELETE 13,30 SUMCOL 8,17
DEFAULT DISK 32,33 SUMROW 8
DYNAMIC FETCH 20,21 SUSPEND CALCULATIONS 13,25
EDITING RELATIONS 30 TEXT MODE 10,11
END 11 TUTORIAL 14
ERRORS 4,31 VERTICAL MOVES 12,14
FETCH FILES 10,20
FORMAT 12,16
FUNCTIONS 8
FUNCTION OPTIONS 11,12
GET 11
HORIZONAL MOVE 12
INSERT 13
INITIAL SETUP 4,33
LINKING TABLES 20-23
LOANS 26-28
ONE TIME FETCH 20
ORDER OF CALCULATION 18
OUTPUT TO DISK FILE 24
34
AC - APPENDICES
ORDER FORM AND REQUEST FOR REGISTRATION - Alan's Calc
I want to be on the mailing list for new Mission Tech-
nologies Programs. I am enclosing registration fee
(contribution suggested at $35) in the amount of $________.
If paying by Credit Card: check _____VISA ______MC
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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------------------------------------------------------------------
Send to :Mission Technologies
PO BOX 1169
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Phone:214-291-2115 (We cannot return long distance phone
calls, but we can take VISA and MC orders over the phone.)
If requesting technical help, please send a self addressed
return envelope, and we will reply as soon as possible.
35
AE.DOC
ALAN'S EDITOR
(C) Alan C. Elliott, 1985
Mission Technologies
P.O. Box 1169
Cedar Hill, Texas 75104
C_O_N_D_I_T_I_O_N_S_:_
This program is made available through the "user supported"
concept. You may copy and distribute this program, but
neither it nor any of the documentation may be altered. The
program may not be distributed commercially except as a part
of a PC user's group or similar organization.
You are encouraged to contribute to the support of this
program ($35 suggested). This will make you a registered
user, and will put you on the update and newsletter mailing
list. Site licenses, and source code licenses are also
available. Please refer to the order form at the back of
this manual.
DESCRIPTION of Alan's Editor
Alan's Editor (or AE for short) is a standard ASCII text
editor. This means that it creates standard text files,
which can be read by most computer programs. It is suitable
for writing source code (FORTRAN, etc), for writing BATCH
files (.bat), creating data files, and for creating memos
and documents to print or merge with other programs, In
essence, AE makes the computer screen into a notepad. You
can type text onto the screen -- copy it -- delete it -- or
save it for future use.
PREPARING TO USE AE
The only files required to use AE are the files named AE.EXE
and AE.HLP. Note that you MUST include AE.DOC whenever the
program is distributed. However, we will see that there is
another file, which you can create, which sets up default
values for storage disk, tab settings, and colors.
1
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Use on Floppy
To setup AE for use on a floppy, first format a floppy disk
with the "/S" option. Then copy the files AE.EXE, AE.DOC,
and AE.HLP to the newly formatted diskette. Set up the
initialization files as indicated later in thes manual,
usually specifying disk "B" as the storage diskette.
Use on Hard disk
To use AE on a hard disk, copy the files AE.EXE to the hard
disk (usually to the ROOT directory) AE.EXE can be placed in
any directory (such as ROOT) if the paths are properly set
(See the DOS manual). However, AE.HLP must be in the ROOT
directory. Also, see the section on how to set up
initialization files. With AE in the ROOT directory, the
PATH should at least be "PATH \;\".
To begin the AE program (here from disk C), enter
C>AE
Optionally, if you are editing an existing document, you may
give the command:
C>AE FILENAME
Where "FILENAME" is the name of the file to edit. You will
first see the Mission Technologies screen describing the
basics of how the program is made available. Press ENTER.
You will now be asked to enter the letter of the storage
drive. This refers to the drive which AE will use for its
temporary buffer space, and will also specify where you will
probably store the resulting file. It must be one character
in length. For a hard disk user, the answer will probably be
"C". For a two floppy user, the storage disk is most likely
going to be "B".
You will now see the AE title screen. Press enter, and you
are in the editor. Let's examine the screen. The phrase: "F7
is HELP" is at the upper left. Directly underneath the "F"
in F7 notice the blinking cursor. This cursor indicates the
location at which text can be entered. The number 1,1
appears next to the HELP, indicating the position of the
cursor, line 1, column 1.
A vertical mark on the top and bottom of the screen
indicates the screen line length. This line length is
usually initially set at 60 columns. This can be changed.
2
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
You may enter text onto this blank screen in much the same
way as you would with a typewriter. A maximum of 22 lines of
text can be displayed on the screen at any one time.
In this manual, we will discuss three kinds of commands
which allow you to manipulate text within AE. They are
Numeric Keypad Commands
Function Key Commands
Control Commands
Description of these commands are illustrated in Lessons 1
to 3 in this manual.
Numeric Keypad Commands
The numeric keypad is located on the right side of the IBM
PC keyboard. Note that under the numerals on these keys is a
word, abbreviation, or symbol. During the operation of AE,
the numeric keypad is in what we call "cursor mode". By this
we mean that pressing one of these keys will produce the
action indicated at the bottom of the key rather than type
the number. If a number is to be entered, use the keys on
the top row of your PC keyboard. A description of the cursor
mode actions of the numeric keypad follows.
Home - Puts the cursor in the upper left hand
corner of the screen.
Arrow Keys (right, left, up, down) - Moves the
cursor in the direction indicated by the
arrow.
End - Moves the cursor to the end of the current
line.
PgUp (Page Up) - Moves 11 lines toward the front
of the document. Recall that only 22 lines
of a document can be displayed at any one
time. PgUp allows you to display a new
screen in which the 11 lines immediately
preceding the text on the original screen
are located as the first 11 lines of this
new screen followed by the first 11 lines
of the original screen.
3
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
PgDn (Page Down) - Moves 11 lines forward in the
document.
NOTE:by moving the cursor to the bottom of
the screen, and pressing the down arrow key
makes the document scroll one line at a
time. Moving to the top of the screen, and
pressing the up arrow makes the screen
scroll down one line at a time.
Del - Deletes the character at which the cursor is
located. CTRL-End does the same thing.
Ins - Turns on the character insert mode.
Characters typed in will be entered
directly preceding the cursor location. As
each character is entered, a space is
created in which that character can be
inserted. Pressing the "Ins" key again or
pressing the ENTER key will turn off
insert mode. Note that when you are n_o_t_ in
insert mode, typing a character will
r_e_p_l_a_c_e_ the character which was located at
the cursor position.
Three Special Keys
Three other keys on the IBM PC keyboard have
special functions in AE.
Destructive Backspace <--- - this is the arrow key
on the top row of keys and directly to the
right of the "=" key. It moves the cursor
one column to the left and d_e_l_e_t_e_s_ the
character located there.
Tab -->| - Moves the cursor to the next tab
position as indicated by the "T"'s on the
highlighted bar at the bottom of the
screen. (pressing CTRL-K) several times
will eventually display these tab settings.
Note that tabbing to the left is not
currently supported. If no tab marks are
set, they may be set with the CTRL-T
command in AE, or may be included in the
initialization file (described later).
4
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Esc - End: Allows you to end the editor. A message
will appear at the bottom of the screen to
double check your motives. You file will
NOT be saved.
Function Keys
The 10 keys marked F1-F10 on the left side of the
keyboard are called function keys. They have been
programmed so that they produce certain actions
within AE.
F1 - Save: Stores the current working file onto a
disk. After pressing the F1 key, you will be
prompted to enter a document name. Simply
pressing ENTER without any filename will
return you to the screen editor without
saving the file.
F2 - Get: This allows you to access a previously
saved file. You will be asked to enter the
name of the file at the bottom of the screen.
AE will then display the first 22 lines of
the document on the screen, and you are ready
to edit. Pressing ENTER without giving a file
name will return control to the screen, i.e.
to the screen editor with the current working
document. If you already have a document in
the editor when you do a get, it will append
the new document onto the old one at the end
of the buffer.
F3 - Top: Cursor moves to top of current
workspace. If none of the document has been
"buffered out", this will be the top of the
document. See an explanation of "Buffering
Out" later in this manual. See also CTRL-F3.
F4 - Bottom: Cursor moves to the last line of the
workspace. See CTRL-F4.
F5 - Delete: Deletes a specified number of lines
beginning at the line on which the cursor is
located. You will be prompted to enter the
number of lines to delete. Entering 0 (or
nothing) will delete no lines.
5
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
F6 - Insert: Inserts 1 to 10 blank line(s) above
the cursor. If more blank lines are needed,
simply repeat the process.
F7 - Help: Provides status information, and allows
you to request a directory of files on disk
and to delete files.
F8 - Clear: Clears current workspace, leaving you
with a blank screen. Note that the current
working document will be lost when the
workspace is cleared without first saving the
document using the F1 command. However, the
text in the copy buffer (see the F9 key) is
not lost when the workspace is cleared. This
can be used to move information from one file
to another. See F9 below.
F9 - Mark: Used to mark blocks of text for
copying. To mark text for copying, move the
cursor to the upper left corner of the
rectangular block to be copied, and Press F9.
The mark will be noted by a character in
reverse video. Move the cursor to the last
line of the text to be copied, and then move
it to the right at least as far as the length
of the longest line to be copied. The block
of text will be highlighted in reverse video.
Note that text in the copy buffer is not
destroyed when the F8-Clear command is
issued. This provides a method of
transferring blocks of text from one file to
another. Marks must be made on ONE screen.
The maximum size of a copy buffer is one
screen (22 lines).
F10- Copy: Used to copy a marked rectangular block
of text (see F9 - Mark). Moving the cursor to
the position where you wish to insert the
text previously marked using the F9 command
and pressing F10 will insert the text in the
desired position by first inserting enough
blank lines for it to fit. A copy which does
not insert before copying is CTRL C,
explained later.
6
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Control Commands (CTRL)
Control commands are issued by pressing the CTRL
key like a shift key, and then simultaneously
pressing a single command key such as a D, W or F.
Below is a list of the available control commands:
CTRL C - Is similar to the F10 function key.
However, instead of first inserting blank
lines before making a copy, CTRL C will
place the copied text in the position
specified by the cursor, directly over
any text that may happen to exist there.
CTRL D - Deletes all characters on the current
line which are to the right of the
cursor. If the cursor is in column one,
the entire line will be deleted, and any
text below that line will be moved up on
the screen.
CTRL F - This command "fills" the text from the
current line to the next blank line which
starts with a dot "." Each line is filled
with as many words as will fit while
observing the current line length
specifications.
CTRL K - The horizontal highlighted bar at the
bottom of the screen which initially
displays copyright information.
Successively pressing CTRL K will display
the function key commands, CTRL commands,
and tab settings.
CTRL L - This command may be used to reset the
line length specifications within AE.
After pressing CTRL L, you will be
prompted to enter the new line length.
7
Alan's Editor
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CTRL P - Places text on the current line in
centered position with respect to the
line length specifications.
CTRL R - This command allows you to replace text
on the screen. After pressing CTRL R, you
will notice a request at the bottom of
the screen which says "Old/New". Enter
the string of characters to be replaced ,
followed by a "/", and the new string of
characters. For example, responding to
the request with wrong/right would result
in the replacement of the word "wrong"
with "right". Each "wrong" will be
highlighted on the screen, and you will
be able to replace, skip, end the replace
procedure, or select the replacement of
all further occurrences of "wrong" with
"right" without any more prompting. After
checking the first screen for matches,
you will be prompted to indicate if you
want the replace to continue. Enter Y or
N.
CTRL S - Will search for a specified text. You
will be prompted to enter the text to be
located. Each time this text is matched,
it will be highlighted on the screen. The
search is conducted from the beginning of
the current workspace to the end of the
current workspace. (See "Buffering Out"
in this chapter).
CTRL T - Allows you to reset the tab settings by
entering up to 20 column numbers at which
you wish the tabs to be set. These column
numbers should be entered from smallest
to largest, should be separated by
semicolons, and none should exceed the
line length.
CTRL W - Deletes text from the position of the
cursor to the next blank. This is usually
used to delete a word.
CTRL X - Splits a line at the position of the
cursor, and places the text to the right
of the cursor on the next line. This
should be used for inserts of more than
8
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
several characters.
CTRL F3 - Goes to top of document. This is the
same as F3, if no buffering has been
done.
CTRL F4 - goes to bottom of document. This is the
same as F4 is document is short.
SUMMARY OF COMMANDS
BY ACTION
Cursor Movement
Arrows - move cursor in direction indicated
Home key - move cursor to upper left of screen
End key - move cursor to end of current line
(Tab) - move cursor to next tab stop
Delete
Del key - delete character
CTRL W - delete word
CTRL D - delete to end of line (Also CTRL-END)
F5 - delete line(s)
<-- - destructive backspace
Insert
Ins key - insert character(s)
F6 - insert line(s)
Screen Formatting
CTRL F - fill text
CTRL L - set line length
CTRL P - place text in center of screen
CTRL T - set tab stops
9
Alan's Editor
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Movement within document
F3 - move to top of buffer
F4 - move to bottom buffer
CTRL-F3 - move to top of document
CTRL-F4 - move to bottom of document
PgDn - page down 11 lines
PgUp - page up 11 lines
Search and Replace
CTRL S - search for text string - global to end
CTRL R - replace text string - can be global to end
Block copying
F9 - mark text to be placed in rectangular copy buffer
F10 - copy rectangular block - non destructive
CTRL C - copy rectangular block - destructive
Document storage and retrieval
F1 - save current working document
F2 - get document from disk for editing
Miscellaneous
CTRL K - change help key at bottom of screen
CTRL X - split line
F7 - help
F8 - clear workspace
Esc key- end Alan's Editor
Text Buffering and Scrolling
The AE screen displays 22 lines of text at a time.
The PgUp and PgDn keys allow you to page up and
down a document to find the area with which you
wish to work. AE was designed so that any
document, no matter how long, could be edited. If
all text cannot be in memory at one time, it is
necessary to bring in a piece of the document at a
time.
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"Buffering"
Occasionally, you will hear a BEEP, and a message
will appear on the screen: "Buffering...please
wait". This indicates that part of the document is
being sent to a storage buffer (called FILE1.AE on
the disk in the default drive) in order to make
more space for additional text to be entered. This
means that when you issue the F3-top command, you
may not return to the top of the document, but
rather you will return to the top of the current
workspace. What if you want to go back to the
beginning of the d_o_c_u_m_e_n_t_ to make some additional
changes? Use CTRL-F3.
File Structure
When a "SAVE" takes place, the current working
document is written entirely into FILE1.ae which
was discussed previously. You are asked to specify
a name for the document which you are saving -
let's call it MYFILE.DOC. If MYFILE.DOC already
exists, you are asked if you want to replace its
contents with the new text. If you respond "N"
then the Save does not take place. If you respond
"Y", then the previous contents of MYFILE.DOC are
written to the backup file MYFILE.BAK, and finally
the contents of FILE1.AE are written to
MYFILE.DOC. The backup file (filename.BAK) that is
created when a document is saved, is a method of
retrieving a file as it was before being edited.
Notice, however, that the backup files for
MYFILE.DOC and MYFILE.LET have the same name, and
so the contents of MYFILE.BAK will depend on which
of these two files was the last one to be edited.
If many files are being created, you may need to
erase unneeded backup files to avoid running out
of disk space.
11
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BE CAUTIOUS
Text being created and changes being made to an
existing file are stored in memory until the F1
"Save" command is issued. So, a power failure or
human error could cause you to lose this
information. We recommend that you issue the F1
"Save" command periodically to protect your work.
TUTORIAL LESSONS
The remainder of this manual will be devoted to
three lessons to give you a better understanding
of the screen editing commands. We recommend that
you go through these lessons before attempting to
use AE to create your own files.
LESSON 1
This lesson will cover most of the function keys.
Additional keys will be covered in Lesson 2. Enter
Alan's Editor with the command: (The C> prompt is
assumed)
C>A_E_
Enter the follow text, exactly as it appears here.
Do not type the borders.
---------------------------------------------------------
| Lesson One |
|This text will help you learn about Alan's Edit. |
|We will learn how to use most of the functn keys. |
| |
|These two lines will be copied to other locations |
|within this file using the F10 and CTRL C commands. |
| |
|We will learn how to delete this line. |
| |
|When text is copied using the F10 command, text at the |
|location to which it is being copied is not destroyed. |
|However, when CTRL C is used to copy a block of text to |
|a new location, it replaces the text there. |
| |
---------------------------------------------------------
12
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E_n_d_i_n_g_ _A_E_ _-_ _E_s_c_
Press the Esc key. You will hear a BEEP. Notice
the following request at the bottom of the screen
where you are asked to choose:
(S)ystem or (R)eturn to Edit
This time answer the request by typing an "R" --
no need to press the ENTER key. "S" would have
returned you to the DOS system.
D_e_l_e_t_i_n_g_ _l_i_n_e_s_ _(_F_5_)_
The F5 key deletes lines of text. Move the cursor
to the "W" in "We..." in the fourth sentence of
the text on the screen. Press the F5 key. You will
be asked how many lines to delete. You may enter 0
or more. This time enter 1, and press ENTER. The
entire line is deleted. (See also CTRL D).
I_n_s_e_r_t_i_n_g_ _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_s_ _(_I_n_s_)_
Did you notice that the word "function" is
misspelled in the example? This can be corrected
by moving the cursor to the second "n" in "functn"
and pressing the "Ins" key which is located below
the numeric pad. Notice the blinking message at
the top of the screen. This means that characters
entered will be inserted. Insert the missing "i"
and then the "o". Pressing the "Ins" key again
will turn off the insert mode. The insert mode is
meant for SMALL insertions of one or several
characters. Otherwise, use the F6 key to insert
blank lines before adding text or the CTRL X
command to split a line at the point new text is
to be added.
I_n_s_e_r_t_i_n_g_ _l_i_n_e_s_ _(_F_6_)_
You may insert whole blank lines by using the F6
function key. Move the cursor to the beginning of
the second line. Press the F6 key. You will hear a
BEEP, and see the following request at the bottom
of the screen:
Insert how many lines (1-10):_
13
Alan's Editor
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You may insert up to ten blank lines. Type a "2"
and press the ENTER key. Notice the insertion of
the blank lines on the screen. You may type
additional text into these blank lines. Note:
Since the keypad is in function mode during screen
editing, DO NOT use the numeric keypad to enter
numbers during edit -- use the numbers at the top
of the keyboard. By using F6 more than once, you
may insert more than 10 blank lines.
Marking text for copy (F9)
Copying text is a two step process. First, mark
the text you wish to copy and then specify the
location in the text at which you want the marked
text to be copied. To mark the text, we specify
the upper left hand corner and lower right hand
corner of the text. Move the cursor to the "T" in
"These" in the third sentence. Press the F9
function key. The "T" will be displayed in reverse
video. Move the cursor to the period at the end of
the sentence and press the F9 key again. Notice
that a block of text is highlighted. The text in
the highlighted rectangular box is now in the copy
buffer and can be copied to other locations using
the F10 and CTRL C commands. It will remain there
until pressing the F9 key again starts a new pair
of marks, or until you "End" editing. It should be
mentioned that copy blocks are always rectangular,
and the largest possible block is 22 lines by the
current line length.
M_o_v_i_n_g_ _T_e_x_t_
To move text, simply perform a copy, and then
delete the old text.
Copying text (F10 and CTRL C)
Move the cursor to the line that begins with "When
text..." and press the F10 function key. This
copies the contents of the copy buffer to the
location specified by the current position of the
cursor. Notice that the text at the location where
the text is being copied is not destroyed. Now,
move the cursor to the "H" in "However,..." and
enter CTRL C. The two lines of text which formerly
occupied this position in the file have been
14
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
replaced by the text in the copy buffer. Notice,
however, that characters in these lines which
extend beyond the rectangular copy block, still
remain. These may be deleted by using, for
example, the "Del" key discussed in Lesson 2.
LESSON 2
This lesson will cover the use of the function
keys F1, F7, F8, the "Home" and "Del" keys. First,
clear the edit screen by pressing g F*, and
answering "Y".
Next, enter the text exactly as it appears below:
---------------------------------------------------------
| Lesson Two |
| |
|In this lesson, we will learn about saving a document for|
|future use, the "Help" key, the character ddelete, and |
|about the Home key. |
---------------------------------------------------------
C_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r_ _D_e_l_e_t_e_ _(_D_e_l_)_
Notice that there is an extra "d" in the word
"delete". Move the cursor (using the arrow keys)
to the first "d" in "ddelete". Locate the key
below the numeric pad labeled "Del". Press the
"Del" key once, and notice that the extra "d" has
been deleted.
Saving a Document (F1)
After creating or correcting a document, we will
have to save it in order to use it again. To do
this we will use the F1 "Save" function key. Press
the F1 key once, and you will hear a BEEP, and see
a request at the bottom of the screen. You must
now enter a name for the document to be saved. For
this example, we will name our file LESS2.TMP to
remind us that it is from Lesson Two, and that it
is temporary (we will delete it later). See your
DOS manual for a discussion of filenames. Type in
15
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
LESS2.TMP and press the ENTER key. Again we are
assuming here that this file is to be written to
the disk in the default drive. Otherwise, the disk
must be specified, i.e. A:LESS2.TMP or
B:LESS2.TMP. You will asked whether you want to:
(R)eturn to Editor or goto (S)ystem
This time enter "R" which will return you to the
screen editor so that you may continue working on
the current document. Note: If more changes are
made to the document, it will have to be saved
again in order for these additional changes to be
recorded.
Clearing the Workspace (F8)
The next function key we will discuss is the F8
"Clear" key. This key lets you clear the current
working document from the workspace, and starts
you all over. BE CAREFUL in choosing to clear your
space -- if you have not saved your text with the
F1 key, it will be lost. Okay, you want to start
all over, so press the function key F8 once. You
will be asked (at the bottom of the screen) "Are
you sure?" Answering "N" will cancel the request,
and an answer of "Y" will cause the clearing to
take place. The text on the screen will vanish,
and you will see a new blank screen. Text in the
copy buffer will NOT be lost. Now, press the F2
key, and get the document "LESS2.TMP". This is the
file you saved earlier.
Help (F7)
The last function key you will learn about in this
chapter is F7, the "Help" key. Press the F7 key,
and you will see a screen with the following text:
To change key at bottom of screen, press CTRL-K while in Edit mode
16
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Please Choose:
(R)eturn to screen (S)how files
(D)elete a file (H)elp
Choice:
The top of the screen reminds you that while in the edit
mode, the CTRL K command can be used to obtain brief
summaries of the Function and CTRL commands. You are
presented with four choices. Press "H" top request that the
AE help screens be displayed. These screens display an
summary of AE's commands. After looking that these, you
return to help mode.
Now enter "D" to which the computer will respond:
Enter name of file to delete:
Respond with LESS2.TMP which was stored on your default disk
a minute ago. Choosing "S" will display the names of the
documents which are currently saved on disk. This can be
helpful if you have forgotten a document name. To request a
directory of files on another directory, enter the
subdirectory specification, plus file specifications (ie *.*
means all files, *.TXT means all files ending with ".TXT").
See the DOS manual for global filename parameters.
The Home Key (Home)
The function of the "Home" key on the numeric pad is very
simple. Move the cursor anywhere on the screen, then press
the "Home" key. The cursor will go to the upper left hand
corner of the screen.
Review this lesson until you feel comfortable with the
function keys, and you are on your way to bigger and better
things.
17
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
LESSON 3
Enter AE as before or clear the workspace with F8. Before
entering text onto the screen, we will discuss commands
which relate to the format of the text on the screen. The
first of these is the CTRL L key which sets the screen line
length. Press the CTRL key and then, while it is still
depressed, press the L key. Notice the message at the bottom
of the screen:
Line length is ## reset at column :
This message tells you what the current line length is, i.e.
how many characters can be written on a line, and allows you
to change it if you wish. Right now, we want the line length
to be 60, so respond to this request by typing the number
60. Notice that if the current line length is already 60,
there is no need to retype it. You can retain the
c_u_r_r_e_n_t_ line length by simply pressing the ENTER key without
typing in a number. At the bottom of the screen, the line
length is indicated by the "|" marks on the highlighted bar.
The line length must be at least 20 and no more than 79.
CTRL T
You may notice some capital T's on the highlighted bar. If
not, press CTRL-K until a mostly blank line appears with a
vertical mark toward the right of the screen. The "T's"
indicate the current location of the tab stops. CTRL T can
be used to reset these tabs. When you press CTRL T, you will
see the following prompt at the bottom of the screen:
Indicate tab stops, separate with semicolons:
You may enter up to 20 column numbers to which you want the
cursor to jump when the -->| Tab key is depressed. These
column numbers must be separated by semicolons, and should
be specified from smallest to largest. Note also that these
tab stops should all be less than the line length. Set the
tabs at columns 5,10, and 50 by entering 5;10;50 in response
to the prompt. Notice the tab markings at the bottom of the
screen now reflect these new settings. With the cursor at
the far left of the screen, press the Tab key and notice
that the cursor jumps to the fifth column. Pressing the Tab
key will always move the cursor to the next Tab setting.
18
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Now Enter the Text
Type in the following text, exactly as it appears below, but
do not type in the borders. After entering a line of text,
you can move to the first of the next line by pressing the
ENTER key. However, the automatic word wrap feature makes
this unnecessary in many cases. As you are typing in the
first sentence, continue to type without pressing ENTER. You
will notice that during the entry of the word "commands" it
is erased from the first line and moved to the next. You
will find this to be very useful, and the first 5 lines can
be typed without ever pressing ENTER. After typing
"happens." at the end of the fifth line, pressing ENTER will
take you to the beginning of the next line. In order to
leave a blank line either press ENTER again or move to the
beginning of the next line with the downarrow key.
-----------------------------------------------------------
|In this lesson you will learn how several of the control |
|commands work. I am going to spell this word wrogn. I am |
|going to correct correct this line using CTRL W. I |
|recognize the fact that I actually spelled it wrogn again. |
|We will split this line with CTRL X, to see what happens. |
| |
|This is the last sentence in Lesson 3. |
-----------------------------------------------------------
CTRL R
Notice that the word "wrong" is spelled incorrectly twice.
In order to correct this, press the CTRL key and the R key
at the same time. You will hear a BEEP. Now answer the
request at the bottom of the screen with:
Enter OLD/NEW:ogn/ong
and press the ENTER key. The phrase "ogn" will light up,
and you will be given several options. Choose the "R"
option, and the phrase will be replaced with the correct
spelling. Notice now that the "ogn" in "recognize" is now
highlighted. However, "ogn" appears correctly in this case
and we should not change it. So, we respond with "S" that we
want to skip this occurrence of the phrase. The cursor then
moves to the second occurrence of the misspelling "wrogn".
Respond with "R" to replace this text with the correct
spelling. Two other options are available to you: you can
select "(N)o more prompting" or "(E)nd". Responding with an
"N" will cause all further occurrences of the old phrase to
be replaced by the new phrase. This example points out,
however, that you should be careful about choosing this
19
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
option. Sometimes the old phrase will unexpectedly occur as
a correct part of other words. Choosing "E" simply ends the
replace request with no further changes being made to the
text. If your file is longer, AE will ask of you wish to
replace on subsequent screens.
CTRL S
The CTRL S command can be used to s_e_a_r_c_h_ for a particular
phrase. Press CTRL S and notice the prompt at the bottom of
the screen:
Enter search string :
Let's search for the string "spell". Notice that the first
occurrence of "spell" is highlighted as with CTRL R. You may
choose to continue to search, in which case the next
occurrence of "spell", if there is one, will be located, or
you may choose to stop searching. It should be noted that
CTRL S is similar to the CTRL R except that search strings
are located but n_o_t_ replaced.
CTRL W
Move the cursor to the space before the first "correct" in
the third line. Press CTRL W, and the word (to the next
blank) will be erased, and the remaining text will be moved
over to the left.
CTRL X
Move the cursor to the line beginning "We will split..." and
then place it in the space after "X,". Now enter CTRL X and
the line will be split. You may now insert text after "X,".
For this example, enter " so that you will be able". Of
course, this insertion could have been made using the "Ins"
key, but for longer insertions, we recommend using the
CTRL X and inserting additional lines with the F6-Insert key
if needed.
CTRL F
Notice that as a result of the manipulations we just went
through, the text looks pretty unorganized. In order to make
it look nicer, move the cursor to the first line and enter
CTRL F. The text now looks better since each line has been
20
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
"filled" with as many words as possible. This filling takes
place from the current line to the next blank line or "dot"
command. Of course, the length of these lines depends on the
current line length setting. For this example, change the
line length to 30. If you do not remember how to do this,
refer back to CTRL L in this lesson. Place the cursor on the
first line and press CTRL F. Notice that the lines are again
filled, but this time the lines are shorter. Notice also
that the last line was not affected by this action since the
filling stopped at the blank line.
CTRL P
Using the cursor movement keys, place the cursor at the left
hand position of a line below the text you entered. Now type
in the word "hello". Press CTRL P and notice that this
places "hello" centered with respect to the current line
length.
This is the end of Lesson 3.
LIMITATIONS TO AE
1. Maximum length of any line is 79 characters. Files read
into AE whose lines are longer than 79 characters in length
may be truncated.
2. Maximum length of file is limited only by disk space.
However, AE requires that there be sufficient space for
buffering. Allow three times the file length of disk space
to avoid disk full errors.
CREATING THE INITIALIZATION FILE
You may set up default values for the storage disk, the line
length, tab settings, and colors in an initialization file.
This file may be created with AE or with any ASCII text
editor.
File AE.INI
The file AE.INI is used to specify the default settings.
Each indication should be on one line, making the file a
total of five lines long. For example, to set up the
following settings:(See BASIC manual for numbers on color
settings)
21
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
Default disk :C
Line length :60
Tab setting :at columns 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40
Text colors :White on Black
Highlight :Bright White on Black
Create a file name AE.INI, with the following contents
(without borders):
-----------------------------
|C |
|60 |
|5;10;20;30;40 |
|7,0 |
|15,0 |
-----------------------------
PRINTING FILES YOU HAVE CREATED
To print files you have created, you may use the DOS PRINT
command (See DOS manual).
22
Alan's Editor
____________________________________________________________
ORDER FORM AND REQUEST FOR REGISTRATION
I want to be on the mailing list for updates to the AE
Editor and other Mission Technologies Programs. I enclose
registration fee (contribution suggested at $35) in the
amount of $__________ .
If paying by Credit Card: check one _____VISA ______MC
Card Number:__________________________ Exp Date:_____________
Signature:___________________________________________________
Check those that apply:
____ Please send site license information.
____ Please send source code information.
COMPANY:_________________________________________________
NAME:____________________________________________________
ADDRESS:_________________________________________________
CITY:_____________________STATE:_________ZIP:____________
PHONE #:_________________________________________________
------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments and suggestions:(Attach extra sheet if necessary)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Send to :Mission Technologies
PO BOX 1169
Cedar Hill, TX 75104
Phone:214-291-2115 (We cannot return long distance phone
calls, but we can take VISA and MC orders over the phone.)
If requesting technical help, please send a self addressed
return envelope, and we will reply as soon as possible.
23
FILES531.TXT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk No 531 Alan's Text Editor & Spreadsheet V1 DS2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALAN'S EDITOR is a full screen ASCII text editor with many word processor
capabilities suitable for program source code entry, data file construction,
and writing memos. Help Screens are included.
ALAN'S CALC is a simple but comprehensive spreadsheet program with many built-
in and powerful functions, including multi-file capabilities.
------------ Alan's Editor
AE EXE Alan's Editor ASCII Text Processor Program
AE DOC Documentation for Alan's Editor - printer formatted manual
AE HLP Help Screens for Alan's Editor
------------ Alan's Spreadsheet
AC EXE Alan's Calc Spreadsheet Program
AC DOC Documentation for Alan's Calc - printer formatted manual
BALLOON AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Balloon Payments for car purchase
MORT AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Amortgage on a loan
BALANCE AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Checkbook Balancing exercize
SUMMARY AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Business Budget Summary
BUDGET AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Household Budget Calculations
SHEET1 AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Linked Work Sheet #1 for Summary
SHEET2 AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Work Sheet #2 for Summary
XYZCO AC Sample Spreadsheet File - Financial Data, XYZCO
README Author's Introduction to files on disk.
PC-SIG (Software Interest Group)
1030 East Duane Avenue, Suite D
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 730-9291
NOTES531.TXT
Program name: ALAN'S EDITOR/ ALAN'S CALC
Author name: Alan C. Elliott
Address: Mission Technologies
P.O. Box 1169
Cedar Hill, Texas 75104
Telephone Number: (214) 291-2115
Suggested Donation:
$35 per program. This gets you on the mailing list for future upgrades and
provides access to technical help with a SASE.
Program Descriptions:
ALAN'S EDITOR is a full screen ASCII text editor that turns the computer screen
into a notepad. It is suitable for writing source code, BATCH files (.bat),
data files, memos and other documents for printing or mergeing with other pro-
grams. Text typed on the screen can be copied, deleted or saved for future use.
The major functions of word processing are well supported. Editing is done
through the use of three types of command keys: Keypad keys for cursor move-
ments, Function keys for file I/O and manipulation, and Control keys for most
of the other editing and formatting functions.
ALAN'S CALC is an easy to use spreadsheet program that allows you to enter num-
bers and text on the screen, and define relationships between fields. Once
defined, numbers may be changed and the program will automatically recalculate
all of the relationships between the numbers linked by formulas. It allows you
to ask those "WHAT IF" questions, and can be used for financial modelling,
budget calculations, scientific calculations, and much more.
The program supports all of the usual mathematical functions that you would ex-
pect in a program of this type, and it also boasts a very powerful feature that
allows you to link one or more spreadsheets together by importing values from
other worksheets to use in calculations.
System requirements are: 128K, one double sided, double density disk drive, and
a printer.
The documentation for both programs guide you through the learning process with
a series of lessons, and is conveniently formatted for the printer as a user
manual.
Directory of PC-SIG Library Disk #0531
Volume in drive A has no label
Directory of A:\
AC DOC 71108 12-29-85 5:02p
AC EXE 79104 12-29-85 9:19p
AE DOC 55528 12-26-85 9:37p
AE EXE 58240 12-26-85 9:11p
AE HLP 7552 12-26-85 9:13p
BALANCE AC 2176 12-15-83 12:35p
BALLOON AC 3968 1-26-84 8:49a
BUDGET AC 1664 12-15-83 12:37p
FILES531 TXT 1653 6-02-86 8:42a
GO BAT 788 6-02-86 8:37a
MORT AC 6656 1-25-84 5:26a
NOTES531 TXT 2021 1-03-80 5:17a
README 640 12-29-85 12:42p
SHEET1 AC 768 12-15-83 12:38p
SHEET2 AC 768 12-15-83 12:38p
SUMMARY AC 640 1-16-84 1:34p
XYZCO AC 4864 1-26-84 9:10a
17 file(s) 298138 bytes
17408 bytes free