PCjs Machines

The Ultra-Utilities are a powerful collection of tools for the PC owner
interested in getting more from his system.  U-MIND is an "intelligent"
database generator which allows you to produce clean, sophisticated
programs very quickly.  U-OPT will help clean-up BASIC code so that it
will compile tighter and faster.  More of these utilities are
available, in squeezed format, on Disk 133.

How to Start:  For instructions on running BASIC programs, please refer
to the GETTING STARTED section in this catalog.  To run an EXE program
simply type its name and press <ENTER>. To read DOC or TXT files simply
enter TYPE filename.ext and press <ENTER>.

Suggested Registration:  Ultra-Utilities $30.00

File Descriptions:

U-MIND   DOC  Documentation for U-MIND  (51K)
U-MIND   BAS  Ultra-Mind program  (Intelligent database)
SKELETON BAS  Used with Ultra-Mind
U-OPT    EXE  Ultra-Optimize program
DOC42    TXT  Ultra-Utility documentation - Part 2  (23K)
DOC41    TXT  Ultra-Utility documentation - Part 1  (52K)
U-OPT    DOC  Documentation for O-OPT  (2K)

PC-SIG Disk No. #245, version V1

The following is a list of the file checksums which should be produced by
the CRCK4 program on this disk.  If the CRC numbers do not match the following
list you may have a bad file.  To use type:  CRCK4 <filespec>

CRCK4 output for this disk:


CRCK ver 4.2B (MS DOS VERSION )
CTL-S pauses, CTL-C aborts

--> FILE:  U-MIND  .DOC         CRC = DB 50

--> FILE:  U-OPT   .DOC         CRC = 35 DF

--> FILE:  DOC41   .TXT         CRC = 2C 95

--> FILE:  DOC42   .TXT         CRC = D1 68

--> FILE:  U-OPT   .EXE         CRC = CB F4

--> FILE:  SKELETON.BAS         CRC = F5 E0

--> FILE:  U-MIND  .BAS         CRC = 15 9A

 ---------------------> SUM OF CRCS = E6 9A

DONE

These and other Public Domain and user-supported programs from:

PC Software Interest Group (PC-SIG)
1125 Stewart Ct  Suite G
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 730-9291

                         :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
                         :::::: NEW RELEASE! VERSION 4.00 ::::::
                         :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::







                    ==================================================
                    I                                                I
                    I                                                I
                    I         The FreeSoft Company Presents:         I
                    I                                                I
                    I         ---> The Ultra Utilities <---          I
                    I           "The Wizard's Apprentice"            I
                    I                                                I
                    I      User's Manual And Guide To Operation      I
                    I                                                I
                    ==================================================















            Copyright (C), 1983 by The FreeSoft Company.  All rights reserved
                        Version 4.00, First Release: January, 1984

          This manual and the accompanying programs U-ZAP.EXE, U-FORMAT.EXE and
          U-FILE.EXE may be copied and shared freely as long as certain
          duplication rules are adhered to.  Please see Appendix A of this
          manual for the FreeSoft duplication policy.  Anyone found duplicating
          any part of this manual or the programs mentioned above not according
          to the policies in Appendix A of this manual will suffer from guilt
          for eternity.  Think about it...
                                 Ultra-Ultility Warranty

          The programs U-ZAP.EXE, U-FORMAT.EXE and U-FILE.EXE and this manual
          are provided on an "AS IS" basis without warranty of any kind,
          expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied
          warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.
          The entire risk as to quality and performance of these programs and
          this manual rests solely with the user.  Should any part of these
          programs or this manual prove defective, the user will assume the
          entire cost of all necessary repair, servicing, and correction.  In
          no event will The FreeSoft Company be liable to you for any damages,
          including any lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or
          consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use
          these programs or this manual, even if The FreeSoft Company has been
          advised of the possibility of such damages.  This warranty gives you
          specific legal rights, and you may have other rights which may vary
          from state to state.  Some states do not allow the exclusion of
          implied or consequential damages so parts of the above may not apply
          to you.  By operating any of the above programs or using any part of
          this manual, you acknowledge that you have read this agreement,
          understand it, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions.
          You further agree that it is the complete and exclusive statement of
          the agreement between us, which supercedes any proposal or prior
          agreement, oral or written, and any other communications between us.

          If you have registered, feel free to write us with any questions you
          might have concerning our products.  If there seems to be a need for
          it, we may open up a telephone hotline or bulletin board for fast
          service.

          WE WILL OFFER ABSOLUTELY NO SUPPORT TO UNREGISTERED USERS.  IF YOU DO
          NOT CHOOSE TO REGISTER, YOU ARE COMPLETELY ON YOUR OWN!  ANY LETTERS
          OR QUESTIONS FROM UNREGISTERED USERS WILL BE IGNORED.  SO THERE!
                                    Table Of Contents

          Introduction.................................................. 1

                                   Section I: Ultra-Zap
          Display/Modify Disk Sectors................................... 2
          Display/Modify File Sectors................................... 4
          Copy Disk Sectors............................................. 5
          Fill Disk Sectors............................................. 5
          Search For Bytes In Disk Sectors.............................. 5
          Search For Bytes In File Sectors.............................. 6
          Modify Sector Fill Byte....................................... 6
          Modify Display Radix.......................................... 6
          Interrogate Disk Sectors...................................... 7
          Toggle Menu Alert Tone........................................ 8
          Display/Modify Disk Parameters................................ 8
          How To Display/Modify Non-Standard Sectors.................... 9

                                 Section II: Ultra-Format
          Format A Standard Track.......................................10
          Re-format A Standard Track Without Erasing Old Data...........10
          Format A Non-standard (Copy-Protected) Track..................10
          Display/Modify Disk Parameter Table...........................11
          Modify Display Radix..........................................11

                                 Section III: Ultra-File
          Display File's Directory Information..........................12
          Assign Or Remove System Status................................12
          Assign Or Remove Hidden Status................................12
          Display List Of Sectors Allocated To File.....................12
          Build A File From Scratch.....................................13
          Attempt To Restore An Erased File.............................13
          Produce A Map Of Diskette.....................................13
          Selectively Purge Files.......................................14

                                  Section IV: Appendices
          Appendix A: The FreeSoft Duplication Policy...................15
          Registration Form.............................................18
          Invoice.......................................................19
          Appendix B: A Brief Discussion Of Diskette Formats............20
          Appendix C: Version changes and additions.....................21
          (1)                          Introduction
                                       ------------

          The Ultra-Utilities are a powerful collection of programs that will
          allow you complete access to the power of your IBM-PC's disk drive
          controller circuitry and PC-DOS disk operating system.  With this
          power also comes the abilty to do terrible damage to your diskettes
          if you make a mistake at the wrong time.  To avoid this:

             A) Make a copy of the Ultra-Utilities and keep the originals in a
                safe place.  When using the copies, remove the diskette
                containing the Ultra-Utilities after the desired program has
                loaded.  It is not necessary for this diskette to remain in the
                disk drive after the program has begun execution.

             B) When working on other diskettes, ALWAYS WORK ON A COPY!  The
                time it takes to backup a diskette is well worth it effort. If
                you are working on a diskette that you are unable to yet make a
                copy of, at least place a write-protect tab on it and work
                slowly and cautiously.

          To use these programs properly you will need:

             1) IBM-PC with at least 64K RAM, one single or double-sided disk
                drive, and an 80-column display.  Because of the wide variety
                of IBM-PC configurations and the varying levels of
                "compatibility" with PC clones, we cannot and do not support
                questions concerning support of other equipment configurations.
                Additional memory may be needed if you boot under DOS 2.00.

             2) DOS 1.10 or 2.00: Again, if you try to use other versions of
                PC-DOS, you are on your own.  These programs have been tested
                only on PC-DOS versions 1.10 and 2.00.

          You do not have to be a "hacker" or be able to multiply four digit
          hexadecimal numbers in your head to be able to use the
          Ultra-Utilities.  If you are more technically inclined, you'll no
          doubt find many uses for the powerful features of these programs.  If
          you're not so technically inclined, you'll probably use these
          programs for "snooping" and educational purposes, and will first want
          to read the chapter on Modifying The Display Radix.  When first
          executed, the Ultra-Zap and Ultra-Format programs display all numbers
          in hexadecimal format (base 16).  If you are not comfortable using
          hex values, use that function to change all printed values to decimal
          (base 10).

          Features of the Ultra-Utilities
          -------------------------------
          1) The Ultra-Utilties use a special input procedure that allows you
             to only enter in characters appropriate to the question being
             asked.  In most cases, a number of small boxes will appear next to
             a question.  These boxes tell you that the program is waiting for
             your response, as well as the maximum number of characters you may
             type to answer the question.  If no boxes are displayed, a single
             key press is all that's needed, and it is not necessary to press
             the <ENTER> key afterwards.

          2) Although the Ultra-Utilities will display numeric values in the
             format specified by the display radix, you can input numbers using
             any of three allowable radices without regard for the display
             radix.  Decimal numbers should be entered normally, without any
          (2)
             prefix.  Octal numbers should be entered using the prefix &O, and
             hexadecimal numbers should be entered using the prefix &H.  This
             is in keeping with the standard numeric entry procedures of IBM
             BASIC.  Example: the decimal number 17 could be entered as:
                                17 (decimal)
                              &H11 (hexadecimal)
                              &O21 (octal)

          3) If you have a lineprinter installed and selected, you can obtain
             a hardcopy of the screen at any point by pressing the "PrtSc" key
             while holding down the <SHIFT> key.  This is also in keeping with
             BASIC operation.

          4) The Ultra-Utilities are completely menu-driven.  This means you'll
             never have to guess which cryptic command the computer is waiting
             for: all of your available options are displayed on the screen.
             Although some folks prefer non-menu-driven programs, we feel it is
             a necessary deterrent to possibly catastrophic mistakes made by
             the wrong guess with these programs.

          5) Ultra-Zap will allow you to display and modify sectors of any
             length or name (such as those used in copy-protected software).
             Although this is by no means meant to be a "pirate" program, it
             is of great educational use for the novice "zapper".  It can be
             used in conjunction with Ultra-Format to create your own copy-
             protected diskettes.

          6) IN MOST CASES, answering a prompt with the single letter "Q"
             followed by the <ENTER> key will CANCEL THE CURRENT FUNCTION and
             RETURN YOU BACK to the main menu.

          GET READY TO "ZAP" AWAY YOUR TROUBLES!
          --------------------------------------
          Hopefully, you have restrained you anxiousness to get started with
          the Ultra-Utilities and have taken at least a few moments to scan
          this manual.  We hope that you have fun with these programs and that
          they earn a permanent home in your software library.  Don't forget to
          look over the duplication policy in Appendix A of this manual.  It
          explains how the Ultra-Utilities can even earn you a few extra bucks
          just for spreading it around.

          Whenever you are finished with an Ultra-Utility program, always exit
          by choosing the Q>uit function from the main menu.  The
          Ultra-Utilities change some important tables in memory that DOS
          expects to be present and correct, and the "Q" function restores them
          to their original values.

          One last caveat... this manual is by no means meant to be a tutorial
          on the diskette storage techniques of the IBM-PC and PC-DOS.  We
          recommend for further study the PC-DOS manual, the IBM Technical
          Reference manual, and Peter Norton's "Inside The IBM-PC" published by
          Robert J. Brady.

                               Display/Modify Disk Sectors
                               ---------------------------

          This function, along with the Display/Modify File Sectors function is
          the real meat of the Ultra-Zap program.  It gives you the ability to
          "snoop" around your diskettes, modify bytes or characters, and
          (3)
          encrypt or decode encrypted sector data.

          When you select this function, you'll first be prompted for the side,
          drive, track and sector number of the first sector you wish to look
          at.  Remember, if you only have a single-sided disk drive, you will
          always specify side 0.  If you are unclear what to enter, take a
          moment to peruse Appendix B of this manual.

          Once you have entered the above info, you will be instructed to mount
          the diskette on the appropriate drive and press any key.  Once you
          have done so, the disk drive should come to life and you will enter
          what we call the "search mode".

          The search mode displays a straight dump of the ASCII characters in a
          sector, allowing you to find the information you're looking for in a
          hurry.  Only those characters with ASCII codes between 32 and 127
          (decimal) will be displayed.  The rest will be displayed as periods.

          There are several command keys active in the search mode:
          UP ARROW - increments the track by one and displays that sector.
          DOWN ARROW - decrements the track by one and displays that sector.
          RIGHT ARROW - increments the sector by one and displays that sector.
          LEFT ARROW - decrements the sector by one and displays that sector.
          "5" KEY ON NUMERIC KEYPAD - switches from Side 0 to Side 1 and vice-
             versa (if you have double-sided drives) and displays that sector.
          "M" key - enters "modify" mode.
          "Q" key - returns to Ultra-Zap main menu.

          In the "modify mode" the sector information will be displayed a bit
          differently.  Select a random sector and let's go through the display
          together.  The top line reiterates the current side, drive, track,
          and sector number of the sector you are working on, as well as the
          current display radix.  The second line just identifies what is in
          the columns below.  The third line is a template for the "ones" digit
          of the offset address- we'll come back to this in a moment.  The
          fourth line starts with the actual sector data.  The leftmost column
          of these rows show the number of bytes offset into the sector.  Then
          comes the sector data in numeric form.  The rightmost column contains
          the ASCII equivalent of the numeric data.  If you are using
          hexadecimal for the display radix, there will be 16 rows of 16 bytes
          each.  Decimal uses 20 rows X 10 bytes, and octal uses 16 rows X
          8 bytes.  If you wanted to find the fifth byte in a sector, you
          would go to the row marked with the offset address 0000 and scan
          across under the template in line three of the display marked
          "5".  It's really pretty easy to find an individual byte in a snap
          once you get used to this "offset address/template column"
          arrangement.

          The bottom of the screen tells you your available choices, as well as
          the current modify mode for byte replacement (either "NUM" for entry
          of numeric replacement bytes, or "ASC" for the direct entry of ASCII
          replacement characters from the keyboard).  You can toggle back and
          forth between ASC and NUM modes by choosing the "C" choice.  The "Q"
          choice returns you to the search mode.  The "I" and "D" choices allow
          you to add or subtract a number from each of the bytes in the sector
          for either encrypting or decoding encrypted sector data.  The "M"
          choice takes you into what we call "replacement mode".  The other two
          choices are "N" and "P".  You will notice that all of the bytes in a
          standard 512-byte disk sector aren't displayed all at once in the
          (4)
          display screen.  What we did is divide the sector into "pages" of
          data.  Use the "N" key to look at the next higher display "page" of
          sector data.  Use the "P" key to look at the next lower display page
          of data.  Depending on the display radix and sector size, each sector
          may actually be displayed as several pages.

          If you wish to modify the bytes in a sector, you should first choose
          the modify mode you wish to use, and the "N" and "P" choices to
          display the "page" that contains the bytes you wish to modify.  Once
          you have done so, select the "M" option to enter the "replacement
          mode".  In the replacement mode, an inverse cursor will appear in the
          first byte of that page.  Use the arrow keys to position the cursor
          on the byte you wish to modify and then press the spacebar.  If you
          are in NUM mode, you will be prompted to enter in the new value.  For
          each byte you wish to modify in the NUM mode, you will have to press
          the spacebar as above.  However, in the ASC modify mode, you just
          press the spacebar once.  You can then type in characters from the
          keyboard continuously.  When you are finished modifying bytes in
          either mode, just press the <ENTER> key.  Note that in the ASC mode
          you can enter in any ASCII character that appears on the keyboard
          except the <ENTER> key.  If you wish to enter in a character that
          does not appear on the keyboard, just hold down the ALT key and type
          in the three-digit ASCII code of the character on the numeric keypad,
          just as you would in BASIC.

          One more note about the "replacement mode": any ASCII characters that
          are not between codes 32 and 127 are displayed as dots.  This is
          because some codes will cause your printer to do weird things if you
          try to get a screendump using the <SHIFT>-PrtSc combination.  If you
          wish to look at the actual character for non-alphanumeric characters,
          just move the cursor over the byte in the replacement mode.  The dot
          will be replaced with the actual character in the ASCII equivalent
          column.

          After you have pressed the <ENTER> key to end replacement, you will
          be asked if you wish to update the disk sector with your replacements
          or just cancel all changes.  Up to now, nothing on the diskette has
          actually been changed.  Instead, any changes you made were done on a
          copy of the disk sector in memory.  If you cancel, you will be
          immediately returned to the main menu with no changes recorded.  If
          you select the update choice, your changes will be recorded on the
          disk sector permanently (so be careful, for heaven's sake!).

          Whew!  That's quite a bit to swallow in one reading...  My advice is
          to read this through, practice on a "scratch" diskette (one you can
          afford to destroy) and then re-read this chapter for the finer points
          of this powerful feature of the Ultra-Zap program.

                               Display/Modify File Sectors
                               ---------------------------

          This function is used to root around the program and data files that
          are on your diskettes.  By using this feature, you can do such things
          as make easy corrections to data files and change ASCII messages in
          the programs.  We do not condone people going through and wiping out
          an author's name or copyright notices.  Such things are not only
          childish, they deprive the author and software company of the money
          and credit they deserve, and stifle creative folks from producing
          better software for us all.  However, who can resist going into
          (5)
          COMMAND.COM and changing the sign-on message to "Ed Spread's Garbage
          DOS"?  Oh well, it's a dilemma for the philosophers.  Have fun...

          This function operates almost exactly like the Display/Modify Disk
          Sectors function with a few exceptions that pertain to disk files.
          Once you are familiar with that function, you should have no trouble
          with this one.  One important difference we will note here is that in
          the search mode, the up arrow, down arrow, and "5" key have no
          function.  The left arrow and right arrows still move backwards and
          forwards through the file sectors.

          You should also notice that all file sectors are displayed as
          physical (we call them logical) sectors.  That means that even if you
          created a random access data file with a record length of 53 bytes,
          each sector in this function will still be displayed as 512 bytes.

          You will not be able to use this function on any files that contain
          the "HIDDEN" or "SYSTEM" attributes in their directory entry.  Use
          Ultra-File to remove these attributes.

                                    Copy Disk Sectors
                                    -----------------

          This function is used to copy disk sectors from one part of a
          diskette to another, or between diskettes.  Copying is not done with
          regard to the prior contents of the destination sectors, and any old
          data will be destroyed.

          Use of this function is pretty straightforward.  If the specified
          drives for the source and destination diskettes are the same, the
          program will ask you if the source and destination sectors are on the
          same diskette, if they are not, you will be prompted to mount the
          appropriate diskette during the copying process.  Sectors are copied
          consecutively, according to the progression order described in
          Appendix B of this manual.

                                    Fill Disk Sectors
                                    -----------------

          This function is used to fill one or more sectors entirely with a
          repeating single byte value.  This byte value is selected using the
          Modify Sector Fill Byte function and has a default value of &HF6 (246
          decimal) upon program execution.  This is the same as the default
          value used in formatting fresh sectors by the DOS FORMAT program.

          Again, this function is pretty straightforward.  Sectors are filled
          consecutively according to the progression order described in
          Appendix B of this manual.

                             Search For Bytes In Disk Sectors
                             --------------------------------

          This function is used to quickly locate the position of a specified
          sequence of bytes or ASCII characters in disk sectors.  The sequence
          of desired bytes or characters may be up to 15 long.  You will first
          be asked if the sequence is numeric or ASCII.  Once you have chosen,
          the program will ask you how many bytes or characters long the
          sequence is.  Next, you will be prompted to enter the bytes or
          characters for the search sequence in order one at a time.
          (6)
          Next, you will enter the side, drive, track, and sector number for
          the start of the search, as well as the number of sectors to search
          through.  Then the search begins, moving consecutively through
          sectors as described in Appendix B of this manual.

          If the sequence is found in a searched sector, a message will be
          displayed telling you the side, drive, track, and sector number
          containing the sequence as well as the offset address of the sequence
          within that sector.  When each match is displayed, you have the
          ability to abort the search or continue from that point.  If no
          matches are found, a message will be displayed telling you so at the
          end of the search.

                             Search For Bytes In File Sectors
                             --------------------------------

          This function is operates just like the above Search For Bytes In
          Disk Sectors except that file sectors are searched instead.  Again
          you won't be able to use this function with files marked in their
          directory entries as "HIDDEN" or "SYSTEM" files.  Use Ultra-File to
          remove these attributes before using this function.

                                 Modify Sector Fill Byte
                                 -----------------------

          This function allows you to change the default sector fill byte
          value.  There are essentially two reasons to do this:

          A) For use with the Fill Disk Sectors function

          B) Before any disk sector or file sector is read from the disk in the
             Display/Modify functions, the memory buffers that will contain a
             copy of the sector data are first "flushed" with the sector fill
             byte value.  If you ever run across a sector with a CRC-type error
             (either intentionally formatted or caused by diskette wear/tear)
             the Display/Modify functions will report the error.  Normally, if
             you do not select the re-try function when a disk error occurs,
             you are returned to the main menu.  In this instance, Ultra-Zap
             will allow you to go ahead and look at the contents of the sector.
             Some of the data may look funny due to effects of the error, but
             at least you'll be able to have a look at where the CRC error
             botched things up.  We suggest you select a sector fill byte of
             zero for this type of work, since it will quickly show you where
             the read data ends.

                                   Modify Display Radix
                                   --------------------

          This function is used to present all displayed numeric values in a
          form you are most comfortable with.  When zapping, some folks
          naturally hanker to hexadecimal (base sixteen); others are lost
          without good old decimal (base 10).

          Still, there are actually those around that cut their milkteeth on a
          Sperry-Univac and can't cut it without octal (base eight).  Whatever
          you folks choose as your strokes, Ultra-Zap is well equipped to make
          life easy for you.
          (7)
          If you are a beginning zapper, We suggest the first thing you do upon
          executing Ultra-Zap is to choose this function and select the decimal
          radix.  You Sperry-Univac people can do the same except choose octal.
          For those of you who learned to count with sixteen fingers, you won't
          need to do anything.  Hexadecimal is the default radix for Ultra-Zap.

                                Interrogating Disk Sectors
                                --------------------------

          So, you just bought a protected diskette and you just can't wait to
          find out what makes that thing tick, eh?  This function gets into the
          guts of a diskette's format and tells you all of its secrets.  While
          it's great for just snooping around, it's best use will come by being
          used in concert with the special formatting abilities of the
          Ultra-Format program.

          This function will ask you to specify the drive, side, starting
          track, and ending track of the interrogation.  It will then ask you
          the lowest and highest sector numbers to search for.  If you've got
          a 40-track drive (like most of us), the maximum interrogation will be
          from track 0 to track 43 (throw in a couple extra tracks for those
          tricky buggers), searching for sectors 0 to 255 (all values decimal).
          Such an interrogation will take quite a bit of time, which is why we
          included the Toggle Menu Alert Tone function.

          You can also specify that the output be recorded on your printer to
          be used for later reference.

          Here's a few tips to get the most out of this function:

          A) Try to make a backup of the suspect diskette with DOS's DISKCOPY
             program.  On the weirdly formatted tracks, the program will report
             a read error.  Write down these track numbers.

          B) Place a write-protect tab on the suspect disk and interrogate all
             of the tracks that DISKCOPY threw a fit over.  Search for sectors
             0 to 255 (decimal).

          C) Most often, the protection scheme is to either format one or more
             sectors or tracks with sector sizes other than the standard 512
             bytes, or to either give one of the sectors a wild sector number
             like 214 or just not format a whole track of eight sectors.  If
             you've got the same VisiCalc master I do, you'll find that sector
             8 on track 39 is missing entirely.

          The interrogation function will tell you which sector numbers were
          found, their size in bytes, and if they were formatted with a CRC
          error (another not so fancy trick).  Also notice that the
          interrogation process can be aborted by pressing the "C" key.
          (8)                     Toggle Menu Alert Tone
                                  ----------------------

          This function is used to sound the computer's speaker when a
          particularly time consuming function has been completed.  Selecting
          this function toggles the alert tone on and off, and is most often
          used with the Interrogate Disk Sectors function, which returns
          directly to the main menu when finished.

          Display/Modify Disk Parameters
          ------------------------------
          Even though the IBM-PC uses a standard format for writing data on
          diskettes (40 tracks numbered 0 to 39 of 8 sectors each numbered 1 to
          8 of 512 bytes each), it has the capability of reading and writing
          many other formats.  To do so, you'll have to change certain bytes in
          a special table kept in the PC's memory called the Disk Parameter
          Table.  This function displays the current value of these bytes and
          allows you to modify them.  Note that not all of the values will be
          of any use to you.

          There are 11 bytes in the Disk Parameter Table:

          1) Specify byte #1: the left "nybble" or single digit of this value
             when viewed in hex is the step rate time for the disk drive head.
             The right "nybble" is the disk head unload time.  These values are
             best left alone.

          2) Specify byte #2: Again, don't fool around with these values.  The
             left "nybble" is the disk head load time, and the right nybble is
             the direct memory access mode select.

          3) Wait time until motor is turned off.  Not normally of use.

          4) Bytes-per-sector value: AH-HAH!  If you place a "0" in this value,
             The PC expects all sectors to be 128 bytes long.  A "1" means a
             sector size of 256 bytes, a "2" means 512 bytes (this is the
             standard DOS value), and a "3" means 1024 bytes per sector.

          5) Highest sector number on a track: This is used for formatting and
             tells DOS how many sectors there are on each track.

          6) Gap length for diskette reads: this is what you fool around with
             if you keep getting CRC errors when you try to read a non-standard
             size sector.  Normally, you can just leave this alone except when
             formatting with Ultra-Format.

          7) Data length: This contains the number of bytes in a sector when
             the value in table byte #4 doesn't contain a 0, 1, 2, or 3.

          8) Number of bytes in the gap between sectors: this is also only used
             when formatting special tracks.

          9) Format fill byte: When formatting, this is the initialization byte
             that will be placed in all new sectors.

          10) Head settle time: leave this alone.

          11) Motor start time: don't fool with this either.
          (9)           How To Display/Modify Non-Standard Sectors
                        ------------------------------------------

          The best way we can think of to demonstrate how to use this program
          with protected diskettes is to give you an actual example "script".

          One fine day, a local marketing manager for a large software company
          was in our offices boasting his company's newest product.  When we
          showed him the Ultra-Utilities, he challenged us that it "won't be
          able to touch this disk".  We sat him down at our PC and booted up
          Ultra-Zap.  This first thing we did was Interrogate track 1 of his
          diskette, searching for sectors 0 to 255.  Like magic, Ultra-Zap told
          us that his diskette was formatted as five sectors, numbered 1, 2, 3,
          4, and 5, and were 1024 bytes long each.  Next, we went into the Disk
          Parameter table and changed byte #4 (bytes-per-sector value) to a
          value of 3 (meaning 1024 bytes per sector).

          Now, we choose the Display/Modify function to look at track 1, sector
          1.  The first thing this function does is attempt to read the
          FAT table on the diskette to determine if is single or double-sided.
          When you are working with protected diskettes that do not have a
          valid FAT table, or if you change the bytes-per-sector value, this
          function will report an error reading track 0, side 0, sector 2.  It
          will then ask you how many sides are on the diskette (since it
          couldn't figure this out from the FAT).  We answered 1 side, knowing
          that nearly all distribution software comes on single-sided
          diskettes.  The Display/Modify function worked perfectly, as
          evidenced by the look of worry on our friend's face.  "You're giving
          this thing away for free?", he asked us.  We decided it would be best
          not to show him how we could make a backup of his disk with
          Ultra-Format.
          (10)                   Format A Standard Track
                                 -----------------------

          This function is used to lay down a fresh format pattern on a single
          track.  It will destroy any previous data on that track.  If you are
          attempting to revive sectors that were marked "damaged" by the DOS
          FORMAT program, you will have to also change the corresponding values
          in the File Allocation Table (FAT) after getting a successful format.
          Refer to the IBM DOS manual for details on the FAT.  Our experience
          is that the work required is usually not worth the trouble of getting
          back a few sectors.

          When the sectors are formatted, they are initialized with whatever
          byte is in the "Fill byte" parameter in the Disk Parameter Table.
          Initially this is &HF6 (246 decimal).  If you wish to change this,
          see the Display/Modify Disk Parameter Table chapter below.

                   Re-Format A Standard Track Without Erasing Old Data
                   ---------------------------------------------------

          This function is used whenever a disk starts to report read and write
          errors in normal use.  It repairs the diskette by first reading the
          sector data into memory, writing a fresh format pattern on the
          diskette, and the writing back the old data into the freshly
          formatted sectors.

          You may specify how many times the program should attempt to re-read
          a sector that reports an error.  Depending on the severity of damage
          to a sector, it may be necessary to re-read it 50 or more times
          before you get a good read.  If after the specified number of
          re-reads the sector still cannot be read, the program will format a
          fresh sector in that location.  Depending on the file, this may make
          it unusable.  If it's a program file, probably so.  However, if it's
          a data file or BASIC program stored in ASCII format, you should be
          able to go in with Ultra-Zap and patch things up.  After reading the
          old data, you have the option to abort the fresh formatting and
          return to the main menu.

                               Format A Non-Standard Track
                               ---------------------------

          This function is used to create a copy-protected diskette track by
          placing a format pattern on the diskette that DOS is normally not
          able to read except under special circumstances.  On the IBM-PC,
          there are four sector sizes we can format: 128 bytes, 256 bytes, 512
          bytes, and 1024 bytes.  These sectors sizes can be read by DOS by
          placing the values 0, 1, 2, and 3 respectively into the
          byte-per-sector value in the Disk Parameter Table.  Now let's discuss
          the difference between a logical and physical disk sector as referred
          to by Ultra-Format.  The normal disk format is 8 sectors of 512 bytes
          each numbered 1 to 8.  It is possible to give your non-standard
          sectors any numeric name you wish.  That is, you could format a track
          with three physical sectors numbered 12, 20, and 235.  This makes it
          difficult for someone to copy your disk.  Another fancy trick is to
          format a standard track 40.  Most disk drives are capable of
          reading and writing a few extra tracks than the standard 0 through
          39.  Most copy programs, and DISKCOPY, do not look for such a track.

          The "Highest Sector Number On Track" value in the Disk Parameter
          Table tells this function how many physical sectors you wish to
          (11)
          format on your non-standard track.  It does not dictate what the
          highest logical sector number can be.  For each physical sector, you
          will be asked to enter the logical sector name (0 to 255) and size
          value (0, 1, 2, or 3).

          Non-standard tracks are usually used to hold special codes that a
          program checks for when first executing.  To do this, you'll need to
          incorporate a short disk sector reading assembly language subroutine
          into your program.  Study the ROM-BIOS calls in the Technical
          Reference manual for disk I/O (interrupt 13H).  If this is still over
          your head, drop us a line (registered users only) and we'll send you
          some ready-to-go sample routines for use in assembly, compiled BASIC,
          and regular BASIC programs.

          One more thing, when you format a non-standard track, you'll need
          to fiddle around with a couple of values in the Disk Paramter Table,
          specifically, bytes #6 and #8.  Look at the default values for a
          standard 8 sector, 512 byte/sector format.  If you wanted to format a
          track of 256 byte sectors, you might try doubling the standard
          value of these bytes.  Our first issue of "The Zapper" newsletter
          deals with formatting non-standard tracks for copy-protection work.
          If you're not a registered user, all we can suggest is
          experimentation to come up with formats and Disk Parameter Table
          values that do not cause CRC errors.

                           Display/Modify Disk Parameter Table
                           -----------------------------------

          This function works exactly like that in the Ultra-Zap program,
          please refer to that chapter for instructions on how to use this
          function.

                                   Modify Display Radix
                                   --------------------

          This function also works just like the Ultra-Zap Modify Display Radix
          function.  Please refer to that chapter for more information.
          (12)             Display File's Directory Information
                           ------------------------------------

          This function allows you to see everything about a file that is kept
          in DOS's directory of files.  As with most of the functions in the
          Ultra-File program, this starts with a menu of all of the programs in
          the directory.  Each filename is preceded with a number.  After the
          filename, a single character (called the "attribute") tells you the
          characteristics of a file.  These attribute codes are explained at
          the bottom of the display.  If you have a double-sided diskette,
          choose the "M" key to look at the rest of the directory entries. If
          you have a single-sided diskette, all available file locations are
          displayed at the same time.

          To see the directory information on a file, just type in its
          corresponding number on the list.  Interestingly enough, we have
          found that DOS 1.10 has some bugs in the way it sometimes reports a
          file's date, time, and size in bytes when you issue the DOS command
          DIR.  This function displays their correct values.

          You'll also notice that on all file lists in Ultra-File, deleted
          files (those killed with BASIC's KILL or DOS's ERASE commands, for
          example) are shown with the first character of their filename as a
          question mark.

                              Assign Or Remove System Status
                              ------------------------------

          This function allows you to either remove or assign the "SYSTEM"
          attribute given to a file.  Files given this attribute are not
          displayed with DOS's DIR command, cannot be accessed through DOS, and
          are not copied with DOS's COPY *.* command.

                              Assign Or Remove Hidden Status
                              ------------------------------

          This function allows you to either remove or assign the "HIDDEN"
          attribute given to a file.  Functionally, the "HIDDEN" and "SYSTEM"
          attributes are alike to DOS.  You'll notice though that system files
          like IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM are given both "HIDDEN" and "SYSTEM"
          attributes.  Hidden files are used a lot by software companies to
          keep a program "secret".  Backup diskettes made with DISKCOPY still
          include hidden and system programs, so it is not a good protection
          means on its own.

                        Display List Of Sectors Allocated to File
                        -----------------------------------------

          You'll notice that Ultra-Zap's Display/Modify File Sectors function
          never really tells you where on the diskette the logical file sectors
          are located.  This function knows all, tells all, about the location
          of all sectors allocated to a file.  Notice that with double-sided
          diskettes, sectors are allocated to a file two at a time (sectors 1
          and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8 are considered groups on a
          double-sided diskette.  We think a good name for this is a "lump".
          Just remember there is one sector per lump on a single-sided
          diskette and two sectors per lump on a double-sided diskette).
          (13)                  Build A File From Scratch
                                -------------------------

          This function is used for creating a new file, and then taking
          specific "lumps" (see section above for definition of a "lump") and
          allocating them to this new file.  It can also be used when the
          Attempt To Restore An Erased File function fails and you have used
          Ultra-Zap to find the lumps that belong to a file.

          THIS IS A POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FUNCTION!  Always work on a backup if
          possible!  This function does not care if a lump was allocated to a
          different file and can generally screw things up royally if you don't
          know what you're doing.  If you're trying to restore an accidentally
          erased file, always try the Attempt To Restore An Erase File function
          first.

          This function will ask you to enter in the sectors to allocate to the
          file.  You must enter these sectors in order!  Also, if you are
          working on a double-sided diskette, only enter in the first sector of
          each "lump" (that is, sectors 1, 3, 5, and 7).  If you try to
          allocate both sectors 1 and 2 to a file, the disk will be thrown into
          an endless loop.  You can allocate any sector for single-sided
          diskettes since each sector is considered one lump.

          Using this function, you can experiment with a variety of neat tricks
          including cross-threading files (two files having the same sectors
          allocated) and allocating an entire diskette to one file.

                             Attempt To Restore An Erase File
                             --------------------------------

          If you use this function IMMEDIATELY after accidentally erasing a
          single file, you stand a near 100% chance of resurrection with this
          function.  When a file is restored with this function or the Build
          File From Scratch function (deleted file), the first character of the
          filename will be changed to the letter "Z".  You can use DOS's RENAME
          command to rename it to its original filename.

          If you killed multiple files (ERASE *.TXT type commands are notorious
          for this), this function will probably not work.  Always use a backup
          disk (made with DISKCOPY) before allowing this function to change the
          directory info.

                                Produce A Map Of Diskette
                                -------------------------

          This function allows you to examine an entire diskette, sector by
          sector, in the form of a unique road map.  Since the output is
          self-explanatory, we will not discuss it here.  Suffice it to say
          that you'll wish you took the time to make one of these for your most
          valued diskettes should you ever experience the hand-spasm that
          causes one to type ERASE *.* accidentally.   The ORP code means that
          a sector is an "orphan", that is, it's been marked as allocated in
          the File Allocation Table (FAT) but doesn't belong to any file in the
          directory.  Running the DOS program CHKDSK will usually fix any
          orphan lumps.
          (14)                   Selectively Purge Files
                                 -----------------------

          You'll really appreciate this function on those times you want to
          kill about 20 .TXT-type programs but want to keep one.  In such a
          case ERASE .TXT will wipe them all out.  This function allows you to
          go through and choose one by one the files you wish to "purge" from
          the diskette.  Everytime you enter a file's number from the file
          list, that file's number will begin to blink.  If you make a mistake,
          just choose the "Q" function to cancel the purge.  If you have a
          double-sided diskette, choose the "M" function to look at the rest of
          the files in the directory.  When you've "marked" all of the files to
          be purged, just choose the "P" function to start the hand of diskette
          doom (ouch!).

          (15)         Appendix A: The FreeSoft Duplication Policy
                       -------------------------------------------

          Before we get into the meat of how FreeSoft is going to make you a
          billionaire, we'd like to give you a little background on how the
          Ultra-Utility series came to be.  The software authors at FreeSoft
          have been professionally involved with microcomputers since 1977.
          When our IBM-PC became a member of the family, we were constantly
          blowing up diskettes.  This, of course, was before any utility
          programs of value existed for the PC.  Hoped as we did for help, the
          Norton Utilities finally showed up and we snatched one of the first
          packages that arrived at our local dealer.  Although the Norton
          Utilities are a fine piece of programming, we were still
          disappointed.  We suppose that the programs were great for the PC,
          but being old-timers and certified hackers besides, we were spoiled
          for what 80-bucks-plus-tax could buy in the way of utilities for our
          other in-house micros.  To make a long story short, we did what any
          self-respecting computerphiles would do.  We reinvented the wheel,
          only made it round this time.

          Several thousand gallons of Pepsi later, the Ultra-Utilities emerged
          (TA-DA!).  Everyone we showed it to alternated between spasms and
          wild-salivation.  We thought we had a winner.  The next problem was
          how to sell the damn thing.  We don't know, but we think a company
          would have to be nuts to plunk down a couple thousand clams for a
          small-shot ad in some of the phone-book sized IBM-PC magazines.
          Sandwiched in there between a million other products just didn`t seem
          to be the way to get good exposure.  Submitting it to a software
          publishing house for distribution didn't seem like a good choice
          either.  A machine language game we had written for the TRS-80 sold a
          grand total of 11 copies (to date) once we had submitted it to a
          publisher .  The problem is that you are at the mercy of how much
          the publisher is willing to spend for advertising. (Games for the PC?
          Hmmmm...).  At any rate, it sure was funny that so many TRS-80
          BBS's had rave reviews of the game.  Those eleven guys sure had a lot
          of friends.  That brought us to the final problem.  Could we afford
          not to copy-protect the Ultra-Utilities?  Much as we hate protected
          software, when it's your money on the line you seem to modify your
          feelings a bit.

          When we started seeing programs distributed on the User-Supported
          basis, the old cogs really started spinning.  Now here was a way to
          get maximum exposure at minimum cost.  Instead of trying to defeat
          the many ways that software gets passed around, you take advantage of
          them.  The whole thing relies on the fact that most of you folks are
          honest users who will support a company that gives you a good
          product.  Having been burned by some products that didn't live up to
          their claims, we certainly agree that the best way for a person to
          evaluate a package is to have it in their hands and run it through
          its paces on their own terms.

          Therefore, we have decided to release the Ultra-Utilities by means
          that will be the acid-test for the package.  Give it away!  If you
          don't like it - pitch it.  If you like it but can't afford the
          registration fees, we'll appreciate any donation you care to make.
          If you like it and want to support us, we hope you'll consider
          becoming a registered user.  Please think this over.  If you want to
          see more software from us, we'll have to make a decent enough go of
          this to justify it.  Without further pathos, let us make you an offer
          of solid committment.  You support us, we'll give you your money's
          worth and more.
          (16)
          One thing is for sure, the quality of many User-Supported programs
          certainly rivals, and in many cases exceeds, that of commercial
          software costing much more.  We hope you'll make User-Supported
          software an experiment THAT WORKS!

          Enough Coddling, Now On To The Good Stuff!
          ------------------------------------------

          If you feel the Ultra-Utilities are a good product that is worth
          supporting, we've got a deal for you!  Here's the duplication policy
          for FreeSoft products:

             A) We not only encourage you to share this product with your
                friends, we will make it worth your while.  All we ask is
                that you distribute the package as a whole in disk file form
                as you would receive it from us.  (If you didn't get your copy
                from us, that means that the following files should be on any
                copy you give out: U-ZAP.EXE, U-FILE.EXE, U-FORMAT.EXE,
                DOCUMENT.ONE, and DOCUMENT.TWO).  We also do not allow anyone
                to charge money for a copy of our product.  If you must charge
                for the diskette(s), you may charge no more than $8.00 total
                for all diskettes included with the Ultra-Utilties without
                special written permission from FreeSoft.

             B) You'll notice that on the main menu of each program is a
                serial number.  When you become a registered user, we will ask
                you what serial number is on your copy.  This does two things,
                it tells you what version you have so we can send you the
                latest if necessary, and it tells us where your copy
                originated.  We will then give you a new serial number with
                the registered copy of the Ultra-Utilities we send you.  When
                someone registers and gives us your serial number, you get a
                check from us for $10.  If you give a copy to every member of
                your users group or even put it up on a BBS, every time someone
                registers you get ten bucks, just like that.  Remember, in
                order to get this commission, you have to register your copy
                with us before giving out any copies.  Don't underestimate the
                ability of a program to get spread around - this can really
                bring you some big bucks.

             C) If you give someone a copy and you have not registered, you do
                not make a commission.  We offer two ways to register your
                program.  Registration with eligibility for commission costs
                $40.  If you don't know any other PC owners or just don't want
                to risk getting yourself into a higher tax bracket off of
                commissions (!), we also offer a registration without
                commission eligibility.  This costs $30, and gives full
                benefits of registration with the exception of commissions.  We
                hope you'll agree that either way is still a lot cheaper than
                shelling out $80 for the Norton Utilities.

             D) If you can't afford the 30 bucks or are just the type who feels
                better getting something for nothing, we understand.  We
                would appreciate it if you could at least give out some copies
                of this package, though.  The more people that get it, the more
                people there are who will potentially support our company by
                registering.
          (17)
          So What Do I Get For Registering When I Already Have It For Free?
          -----------------------------------------------------------------

          We thought you'd never ask.  If you are one of the folks who support
          us, we will continue to make it worth your while with the following
          benefits:

             1) If the version you register is not the latest, we will send
                you the latest version, plus documentation, at no extra charge.
                We will also inform you of any updates, and provide you with
                those for no extra charge.

             2) You will also receive the next FreeSoft product WITH
                REGISTRATION WITH COMMISSION ELIGIBILITY free of charge.  We
                have many great products on the drawing board and near
                completion, including machine language games, a database
                program generator that is truly fantastic, BASIC programming
                and compiler utilities, ready to run assembly language
                subroutines, and a host of other goodies.  Remember, as a
                registered user of the Ultra-Utilities, you will be a preferred
                customer for all future FreeSoft releases.

             3) You'll get a free one-year subscription to "THE ZAPPER"
                newsletter.  This is a consortium of no-holds-barred knowledge
                for the IBM-PC.  It's where you'll find out the kinds of things
                about your PC and PC software that the magazines would lose
                advertisers over if they published them.  "THE ZAPPER" is
                published quarterly and will be sent to you at no charge.

             4) Complete support by mail.  If the need arises, we may open up
                a telephone hotline or bulletin board for our registered users.

             5) A date with our sisters - just kidding!  But seriously, what
                could be a better way to pay for a program you like than a way
                that puts money back into your pocket?
          (18)                      Registration Form
                                    -----------------
          <<< IF YOU NEED AN INVOICE FOR BUSINESS REASONS, PLEASE USE THE ONE
              PROVIDED ON THE NEXT PAGE AND INCLUDE IT WITH THIS FORM >>>

          Send to: The FreeSoft Company, P.O. Box 27608, St. Louis, MO 63146

          YES, I want to be a registered user of the Ultra-Utilities and be
          placed on the preferred customer list for all future FreeSoft
          releases!

          I am enclosing the following formatted diskette(s) with a
          SELF-ADDRESSED, RETURN POSTAGE PAID MAILER.  Please send me the
          latest versions of the Ultra-Utilities and documentation manuals,
          plus any other good things you might have laying around.

          (Note: please sandwich your diskette(s) between two stiff pieces of
          cardboard and mark the return mailer clearly with the message
          "MAGNETIC MEDIA - DO NOT X-RAY OR EXPOSE TO MAGNETIC FIELDS".

          Mark one of the following:

          ___ Single-sided diskettes enclosed (send two with your request).

          ___ Double-sided diskettes enclosed (send one with your request).
          --------------------------------------------------------------------

          The old serial number in my program is _ _ _-_ _ _ _ _
          (This also tells us what version you have so we can send you the
          latest. You will receive your personal serial number from us
          after we have filed your registration).
          --------------------------------------------------------------------

          Name:    _____________________________________________________

          Address: _____________________________________________________

          City:    _____________________________________________________

          State:   ____________    Zip Code ____________________________

          --------------------------------------------------------------------
          Please register me as (MARK ONE OF THE BELOW):

          ___ Registered eligible for commissions (I enclose $40 check or money
              order, and postage paid return mailer).

          ___ Registered not eligible for commissions (I enclose $30 check or
              money order, and postage paid return mailer).

          PLEASE NOTE: Make all checks or money orders payable to THE FREESOFT
          COMPANY.  Foreign registrations please add $10 to help with later
          postage.

          Comments, Suggestions or Questions:
                                         INVOICE
                                         -------

          Invoice #34-34256

          Please make payable to :The FreeSoft Company

          Quantity              Description                           Price
          -----------------------------------------------------------------
             1             The Ultra-Utilities disk file             $40.00
                           repair software.


                                                      Subtotal.......$40.00
                                                      Tax............$ 0.00
          -----------------------------------------------------------------
                    Please remit ------------->       Amount Due.....$40.00
          -----------------------------------------------------------------
          Company Name ___________________________________________________

          Address      ___________________________________________________

                       ___________________________________________________

                       ___________________________________________________

          -----------------------------------------------------------------
                                   The FreeSoft Company
                                      P.O. Box 27608
                                   St. Louis, MO 63146
          -----------------------------------------------------------------
          (20)      Appendix B: A Brief Discussion Of Diskette Formats
                    --------------------------------------------------

          The standard IBM-PC stores data on floppy diskettes by dividing the
          surface of the diskette into circular tracks (like the grooves on a
          phonograph record, only complete circles instead of one long spiral).
          There are 40 of these tracks on a standard IBM-PC disk drive numbered
          0 through 39.  Each of these tracks are further sub-divided into gaps
          and sectors.  Gaps are used to separate the sectors and help out with
          the disk drive timing.  Sectors are used to hold the actual data that
          will later be retrieved by the computer.  These sectors are numbered
          1 through 8 on a standard diskette and hold 512 bytes of data each.
          A double-sided diskette merely has an additional read/write head on
          the reverse side of the diskette, effectively doubling the available
          surface space for data.  A single-sided diskette can hold 39 tracks X
          sectors/track X 512 bytes/sector = 159,744 bytes.  Double this for a
          double-sided drive and you've got 319,488 bytes per diskette.  Of
          course, not all of this space is available for use by the user.  Some
          of it is set aside to contain the DOS system files.  Another chunk is
          reserved for the File Allocation Table (FAT) and Directory that tells
          the DOS where files and free space are located on a diskette.

          When you write a file on a freshly-formatted diskette, your data is
          placed in consecutive sectors.  If your file begins on track 1,
          sector 1, the first 512 bytes of data is placed in this sector, the
          second 512 bytes are placed in track 1, sector 2, and so on.  What
          happens when you reach the end of a track?  If you have a
          single-sided diskette, the data continues on the first sector of the
          next track.  If you have a double-sided diskette, each track is
          actually composed of the sectors on both sides of the diskette.  In
          other words, track 1 begins with side 0, track 1, sector 1, and ends
          with side 1, track 1, sector 8.  When side 1 is filled up, the first
          sector of the next higher track of side 0 is used.  This is the
          normal progression order of sectors on a disk with PC-DOS version
          1.10, and how Ultra-Zap spans to the "next" or "previous" sectors in
          multiple-sector functions.
          (21)          Appendix C: Version Changes and Additions
                        -----------------------------------------
          11/03/83: Version 2.00 release
          With the release of version 2.00 of the Ultra-Utilities, several new
          and powerful features were added.  Mainly, we added compatibility
          with DOS versions 2.0 and (from what we've been able to gather) 2.1.
          We also fixed some bugs from the first version that could cause some
          potential damage under certain conditions.

          Of course, even version 2.00 is not completely compatible with all of
          the nifty features of DOS 2.0 and 2.1.  In a few instances, you'll
          have to be a bit sneaky in order to get the job done.  Here's an
          overview of the limitations and considerations for version 2.00 of
          the Ultra-Utilities when being used on DOS 2.0 or 2.1:

             1) Automatic DOS and FORMAT recognition: All Ultra-Utility
                programs automatically recognize the DOS version being used
                with a diskette, and the number of sectors formatted on each
                track.  This allows us to have only one version of the Ultra-
                Utilities for use with all DOS versions.  Since we are issuing
                version 2.00 release before we have actually seen a copy of DOS
                2.1, a new release may be in order at a later date.

             2) No hard disk support: The Ultra-Utilities are not meant to be
                used with hard disks, although a very few functions will work.
                The Display/Modify File Sectors and Search For Bytes In File
                Sectors functions in Ultra-Zap should work, for instance.  For
                other file work, the file should be copied onto a floppy.

             3) Root directory support only:  At this time, the Ultra-Utilities
                are written to work only on files contained in DOS 2.0 and 2.1
                root directories.  Files in subdirectories should be copied
                into the root directory.  Again, experimentation will expose
                a few features that will work on subdirectory files.  However,
                this is left to your own device and is not documented.

             4) Format considerations: When using Ultra-Format, always verify
                that the Highest Sector Number On Track byte in the Disk Par-
                ameter Table is set correctly to the number of sectors you wish
                to format.  Disk swapping may cause this byte to be incorrect.
                This is also true for the Re-Format Without Erasing Old Data
                function.

             5) Disk Roadmap: When you print out a map of a diskette using
                Ultra-File, sectors allocated to subdirectory files may be
                reported as ORPhan clusters.  Always use the CHKDSK utility
                to free up actual orphan (allocated but not assigned to a
                file) clusters if there is any question.

          12/10/83: Version 3.00 release
          Because of a mysterious hand spasm that caused us to stab a single
          wrong character while typing in Version 2.00, Ultra-File suffered
          a partial lobotomy that made it forget how to read single-sided
          diskettes.  We fixed it and then went out to drink our embarrassment
          into oblivion.

          We also added an invoice to the documentation so companies could
          register easier.
          (22)
          01/29/84: Version 4.00 release
          U-Zap: Display no longer corrupted if you just press ENTER when
          entering ASCII search bytes in Search For Bytes functions.

          Interrogate function waits for prompt when finished if menu alert
          tone function is turned off.

          Fixed our post office box number on opening page (GADZOOKS!).

          U-Format: Fixed main menu Format Standard Track function to reflect
          correct number of sectors for current Disk Parameter Table.

          U-File: Major bug fixed in Build A File From Scratch function when
          working with single-sided diskettes.  Approved a resolution to do
          a version of The Ultra-Utilities for the MacIntosh the day after
          IBM sponsors a multi-million dollar rock festival.

          Waits for pauses after each main output section of Produce A Map
          function if output is not to printer.

          All three programs: Version number is now displayed on fancy-pants
          opening title display.  Serial number is still displayed on main
          menu page.

          Incorporated a secret into the Ultra-Utilities just to see how many
          of you read this crap.  You can skip the opening page altogether and
          go directly to the main menu by pressing your ESCape key once while
          the program is loading, but before it begins execution.

          Thought about changing U-Zap and U-Format to automatically accept
          numeric input in the same radix as display radix is set, but then
          decided it would be too much work since you can do that anyway by
          just entering &H or &O prefixes for hex or octal entry.  Let's take
          a vote whether or not Version 5 should include this.

                -----------------------------------------------
                :                                             :
                : Supplement To Ultra-Utilities Documentation :
                :                                             :
                :           >>>>>> Ultra-Mind <<<<<<          :
                :                                             :
                :  The Intelligent Database Program Generator :
                :                                             :
                -----------------------------------------------

                  RELEASE 1.0, First Release, December, 1983
                             Author: Wat Buchanon




          Ultra-Mind program and documentation Copyright (C), 1983, The
          FreeSoft Company, P.O. Box 27608, St. Louis, MO 63146.  All Rights
          Reserved.  Please see Ultra-Utilities documentation for warranty and
          duplication policy.
                               Table Of Contents
                               -----------------

          Introduction........................................UM-1

          Defining And Generating Your Database...............UM-2

          How To Use The Generated Program....................UM-8

          Appendix A: Format Of Ultra-Mind Disk Files.........UM-11

          Appendix B: Wish List...............................UM-13

          Appendix C: The Ultra-Utilities.....................UM-14

          Appendix D: Limited License For Ultra-Mind..........UM-15
          UM-1)                   Introduction
                                  ------------

          At FreeSoft, we do quite a lot of database work, both for ourselves
          and for clients.  After writing about the seven millionth database
          manager, we came to a startling conclusion: very little was actually
          changing from program to program.  We admittedly are experts when it
          comes to reinventing the wheel, but this time a thought struck us,
          "Why not write a database program generator?" (TA-DA! Sound of
          trumpets...).  Well, that was several years ago, and Ultra-Mind is
          the end result.  Basically what it does is allow you to set up your
          unique database needs, and then actually writes a dedicated database
          program in BASIC while you watch.

          What we found was that we were doing in a few minutes what used to
          take hours or days.  Here's a brief outline of Ultra-Mind's
          capabilities and features:

          1) This program allows you to set up a customized data entry system
             and then writes a dedicated BASIC database manager program.

          2) The data entry can be divided into multiple screens, called
             "pages".

          3) Several different types of input fields are supported: Numeric,
             Alphanumeric, Formatted Numeric, Calculated, Automatic Date, and
             Automatic Time.  In addition, the user can specify any keys that
             are restricted from entry for each individual field (No Z's
             allowed, for instance).

          4) Non-field symbols, such as titles or borders, can be placed any-
             where on the data entry screens for a truly professional
             appearance.

          5) Generated program is documented with remarks for easy
             customization.

          6) Sophisticated hashing algorithm nullifies BASIC's slow execution.
             Typical record access (no matter how many records in the system)
             when the key field is known is under 1/2 second.

          7) Knowledge of BASIC, data-file input/output routines, or other
             special functions is not required.  A small amount of BASIC
             formula format is helpful for using calculation fields.

          8) All generated programs can be compiled for added speed under the
             Search and List functions.

          9) Number of fields and total field characters dependent only on
             available memory (total field characters per record must be less
             than 65,536 characters not counting program size).

          We hope you'll enjoy this package and will choose to support The
          FreeSoft Company in our endeavor to bring you the most interesting
          software at the best price.  We place this product in your hands at
          no cost in order for you to truly judge its appropriatness for your
          applications.
          UM-2)           Defining And Generating Your Database
                          -------------------------------------

          Before executing the Ultra-Mind program generator, you should insure
          that the following programs are on the diskette in your logged
          (default) disk drive:

          1) Ultra-Mind program generator (U-MIND.BAS)
          2) Ultra-Mind skeleton program (SKELETON.BAS)
          3) BASIC programming language  (BASIC.COM or BASICA.COM)

          From the DOS prompt, type: BASIC U-MIND
          and the program should load and execute after a few seconds.  You
          will first be presented with the question:

          Do you wish to:

          1) Define a database
          2) Generate an already defined database

          You should reply by pressing the '1' key (don't press <ENTER> after
          this). The program will ask you for a filename for the resulting
          program (8 characters, first character alphabetic).  DO NOT add an
          extension (a period followed by 1-3 characters) to this filename. The
          program will now ask you for the title of the program and the
          author's name (yours!). Finally, you'll be asked which disk drive
          will later be used to hold the data file.  You should have a disk
          with plenty of room in this drive, as the generated program itself,
          as well as several other information files will be sent to this drive
          while Ultra-Mind is working.

            You are now presented with the screen layout display. This display
          is used to tell Ultra-Mind the information you wish to have displayed
          in your database program data entry screens, as well as to define the
          type of input fields.

          The bottom of the screen is used as a message area in both the
          program generator and in your generated program.  Therefore, the top
          23 lines of the screen are reserved for your information.

          First, a little background on database files.  A database file
          consists of a group of individual entries called "records".  A record
          might be a recipe, information on an employee, or an address book
          listing.  Each record is further subdivided into groups of
          information called "fields".  In an employee record, one field might
          contain the date the employee was hired, and another might have his
          zip code.  One of the fields in each record is predefined as the "key
          field".  This is the field that best identifies each record, and will
          be used to retrieve the record from the file.  If a file contained
          records of inventory parts, you might designate the inventory number
          as the key field.  In an address list, you might use the person's
          last name as a key field.

          Why the last name instead of the full name?  Ultra-Mind works best in
          applications where you know the key field.  It's easy to forget
          whether you entered a person as George Smith or W. G. Smith, so the
          last name system would work best.  If you're not sure of the key
          field exactly, there is a mechanism for still finding the record, but
          it is much slower.
          UM-3)
          O.K., back to the program.  At the bottom of the screen, you should
          see the message:

          <Key Field>, Page 1: Use arrow keys to position cursor, then press
            <H>.

          There are three parts to a field, it's number (the key field is
          always field number 1), the field prompt (that tells you what to
          enter), and the input field area itself.  Directly above the message
          area in the center you should see a diamond character.  This is
          Ultra-Mind's "cursor", and is what you will move around to point to
          different areas of the screen.  Practice moving the cursor around
          with the arrow keys (or the number keys 8=up, 2=down, 6=right, and
          4=left).  Notice that if you press the Home key (or 7 key), the
          cursor jumps to the upper left hand corner of the screen.  The PgUp
          (or 9) key moves the cursor to the upper right, the PgDn (or 3) moves
          to the lower right, and the End (or 1) key moves the cursor to the
          lower left corner.  Select a place that will be appropriate for the
          key field and press the 'H' key.  Notice that the characters "1)"
          appear where the cursor used to be.  That's the field number that
          will make it easy for you to later tell the generated program which
          field you want to update or search for.

          At the bottom of the screen, a new message appears telling you to
          enter the field prompt you wish to use.  Type in a descriptive
          message that will prompt the user to type in the correct information
          for that field (like NAME: or PART NUMBER:, for instance).  You have
          up to 50 characters for the field prompt, and you can leave it blank
          should you wish.  The program will again ask you to position the
          cursor and press the <H> key.  Don't worry about moving the cursor
          over other characters on the screen, it's doesn't destroy what it
          moves over.  Don't allow your information to overlap other fields,
          though, or you will get an error message.

          When you've positioned the cursor and pressed the H key, you'll see
          your field prompt appear at that location.  Now, we must tell the
          computer what type of field this is.  The different field types each
          ask different questions, so we'll cover them one at a time.

          NUMERIC
          -------
          This type of field is composed only of numeric symbols, that is 0-9,
          the plus and minus signs and the decimal point (period).  Although it
          is kept as a string of characters in the disk file, it is converted
          into a number when displayed by the generated program.  Only numeric
          fields can be used by calculation fields (described below).

          When you select this type of field, you will be asked to type in the
          length of the field.  This is the number of characters that the
          largest possible number that can be entered will have.  FOR ALL
          FIELDS, THE FIELD NUMBER, FIELD PROMPT, AND INPUT FIELD MUST NOT BE
          GREATER THAN 79 CHARACTERS LONG TOTAL.  Because the number of fields
          is limited only by your computer's memory (and believe us, you have
          plenty of room), this really isn't a problem.  Just split up extra
          long fields into smaller ones.  You will then be asked to locate the
          cursor and press <H>.  When you have done so, the input field appears
          as a series of small boxes.  This field now looks exactly as it will
          on the data entry screen of the generated program.
          UM-4)
          There is still more information the computer needs about this field.
          It next asks if you wish to restrict input characters.  If you type
          "N", any numeric character can be typed into the field.  If you
          answer "Y", you will be shown a list of all numeric characters and
          asked to type an "X" under the characters you wish to restrict.  Type
          a space under those you wish to allow.  Those characters that you
          restrict will be dead on the keyboard during entry of this field.

          Now the program asks you how many lines of edit checking you wish to
          have.  If you don't wish to check the field for entry errors, just
          type a 0.  Otherwise, for each edit check you'll be asked to enter an
          edit string.  The format for an edit string is:

          TESTSYMBOL VALUE

          Where TESTSYMBOL is either a > (greater than), < (less than), or =
          (equal to), and VALUE is a number.  Edit checks should be entered in
          the negative.  In otherwords the edit check:
          < 52
          will tell the operator they've made an error only if the number they
          enter into this field is less than 52.

          Finally, you'll be asked if you wish to use a special printing format
          when this field is later displayed.  If you do, just type the format
          as you would the format string in a BASIC PRINT USING statement
          (without surrounding quotes).  You should consult your BASIC manual
          on the PRINT USING statement if you're unsure of this.  As an
          example, if a field contained the number 342342.345 and your special
          printing format was ###,###.## the number would be displayed as
          342,342.34 when the record is displayed later.

          ALPHANUMERIC
          ------------
          This field is used for entries that are either all alphabetic or
          mixed letters, symbols, and numbers.  Even if a number is entered
          into an alphanumeric field, it will be considered only a string of
          characters, and calculation fields cannot use it.

          This type of field needs the same type of information as numeric
          fields in the way of field position, field length, and input
          character restriction, except that it does not ask for edit checks or
          special printing formats.  There is only one type of edit check for
          alphanumeric fields and that is for a null entry (<ENTER> pressed
          without entering any characters).  Null entries can be allowed in any
          field except the key field.

          FORMATTED NUMERIC
          -----------------
          This is a special type of field that allows you to enter numbers into
          a "template".  For instance, the parentheses, space,  and hyphen in
          the following number (323) 343-3423 identify it as a phone number.
          Although formatted numeric fields are handy for entering numeric data
          into a template, the resulting number is treated as a string of
          characters, including the special symbols used in the template, and
          cannot be used by calculation fields.  After locating the cursor
          where you wish the input template to appear and pressing H, the
          computer will ask you to enter your special format.  Any special keys
          can go into the template except the backslash (\).  The backslash is
          used to show where the input numbers will be located.  If we wanted a
          phone number field like the one above, we would enter our format as:
          (\\\) \\\-\\\\
          UM-5)
          When it's displayed on the screen, the backslashes will be converted
          to the familiar small input boxes.  Pay attention to your format, as
          its a bit easy to get confused.  For example, the format:
          \\/\\/\\
          could actually be used for entry of a date.  Look closely and see how
          it would displayed.  (Hint: 01/14/84).

          CALCULATED
          ----------
          This type of field is not entered by the user at all.  It is
          calculated from values in other numeric fields.  It is not displayed
          at all during the data entry process, only later when the record is
          retrieved from the file and displayed.  It's helpful to know BASIC's
          format for specifying formulas when using this type of field.  You
          need to pay attention to what the field numbers are of the numeric
          fields to be used and the resulting calculation field.  Here's an
          example.  If we were working on field 5 and we specified a
          calculation field, the computer would ask us how many calculation
          lines we wished to have.  For this example we'll just do something
          simple in a single calculation line.  To specify numeric or
          calculation fields in a calculation line, use the symbols F# followed
          by the field number in parentheses.  O.K., let's add the values in
          field 2 and field 4 and display that in our calculation field (field
          5, remember?).  Here's how our calculation line would look:
          F#(5)=F#(2)+F#(4)
          You can do all kinds of tricky things with calculation fields, and
          it's easy to get yourself in trouble with them, so practice is in
          order before using them.  If you need to store temporary values in a
          variable, use the variables U1# through U100#.

          You can also specify a special printing format for this field, just
          as you can for numeric fields.

          DATE AND TIME FIELDS
          --------------------
          These field types are also done automatically, but in the data entry
          stage.  It permanently stores the date or time in the field at the
          moment of data entry.  It's useful for fields such as "Last Updated
          ON: 03-15-1983".  Just use the U>pdate function on these fields each
          time you update a record.

          Each time you finish entering a field, you are presented with a list
          of choices:

          1) Enter new field, 2) Start new page, 3) Enter non-field symbols, 4)
          Quit.

          Select "Enter new field" to continue adding fields to that page.
          Whoops!  What's a page?  Well, that's a special feature of Ultra-Mind
          that keeps your screens from getting cluttered.  You can have as many
          display screens (called "pages") as you wish.  When you select "Start
          new page" the screen layout area is erased and you continue with a
          fresh slate.

          The "Enter non-field symbols" option is used to "prettify" your
          screen layouts with titles, borders, etc.  When you select this
          option, you will again be asked to locate the cursor where you wish
          to place the symbols.  Then you will asked to enter the symbols you
          wish to place there.  There are two different ways to specify the
          UM-6)
          characters:

          1) Just type them in from the keyboard.  (Note: your string cannot
             begin with an "@" symbol).

          2) Using a special syntax.  The syntax is:
             @,REPEAT,ASCIICODE,ASCIICODE,ASCIICODE...etc.
             The @ symbol in the first position tells the computer that the
             special syntax follows.  The REPEAT is a numeric value that tells
             how many times to repeat the following symbols.  The ASCIICODE's
             are the ASCII values of the symbols you with to display.
             Confusing?  It's easier than it sounds.  Let's look at a couple of
             examples:
             @,79,61
             would print a string of 79 equal signs (ASCII code 61).
             @,10,40,41
             would print the sequence () ten times for a total length of 20
             characters.  It would look like this:
             ()()()()()()()()()()
             The reason for using this syntax is so you can draw vertical lines
             of characters on the screen.  Try this sequence:
             @,10,42,31,29
             It should have drawn a vertical line of 10 equal signs.  The
             special codes 31 and 29 are used to move the cursor down a row and
             backspace one character after each equal sign is printed.  The
             special control codes are:
                    28 - Move right one character
                    29 - Move left one character
                    30 - Move up one row
                    31 - Move down one row
             Please note that because of Microsoft BASIC peculiarities, you
             won't be able to print a vertical line of more than 13 characters
             at one time (all sorts of strange things happen).  To get around
             this anomaly, just print a string of 13 vertical characters and
             then print a string of 10 more just beneath it for a line that
             will stretch from top to bottom of the screen.  Experimentation is
             in order to get the most out of this feature.

          If you're like us and don't happen to like digging through the BASIC
          manual for the chart of ASCII codes, you might appreciate this
          feature:  When asked to enter the symbols, just type the @ symbol
          alone.  You will now enter the <Help> mode.  To find out a
          character's ASCII code, just type it on the keyboard.  Nifty, eh?

          One last caveat, the non-field symbols are not checked very closely
          for overlapping other screen info, so caution is the word.  Wrap
          around is allowed on the horizontal only.

          When you're all done entering your screen displays, the fun part
          starts.  Just enter the selection "Quit" and the program will ask
          you if you wish to go ahead and generate the database.  If you don't,
          you can always generate it later by selecting the "Generate an
          already defined database" function when first executing this program.

          As the program is being written, just sit back and appreciate the
          number of hours it would have taken you to do this by hand.  All in
          all, program generation should take only a few minutes.
          UM-7)
          During the definition and generation process, a number of important
          files are created.  The extensions of the programs tell what their
          purpose are.  Let's assume your program is called TEST.  The files
          TEST.ATR and TEST.HDR contain information that is used to generate
          the program.  These are both explained in Appendix A.  It's not
          necessary to keep these files on your program disk once the program
          is generated.  In the generation process, two more files are created:
          TEST.BAS is your database program, and TEST.BAT is a DOS batch file
          used to execute the program.  YOU SHOULD ALWAYS USE THE BATCH FILE TO
          START YOUR PROGRAM since it sets important record size pointers.  If
          you choose to compile the program, you can discard the batch file.
          Otherwise, to execute your database program, you should exit to DOS,
          make sure a copy of BASIC is on your program diskette, and type the
          word TEST at a DOS prompt.

          The first time this program is loaded will be very time consuming.
          If you used the DOS TYPE command to look at the program, you would
          see that it is in ASCII format with line numbers out of sequence.
          It's a good idea once the program is loaded to break out by pressing
          the BREAK key while holding down the CTRL key, and save the program
          in compressed format using the BASIC command SAVE "TEST.BAS".  The
          program can be restarted then by entering the command RUN.

          TIPS FOR MAKING DEFINITION A PLEASANT EXPERIENCE
          ------------------------------------------------
          1) Always have a couple of disks with plenty of room and copies of
             BASIC on them on hand just in case.

          2) There's no way to go back if you make an error during definition,
             so move slowly and have some sense of direction.  Freestyle coding
             can be fast, but you're better off at least having a rough sketch
             of what you'd like to end up with before starting.  This goes
             double if you intend to use edit lines, special printing formats,
             or calculation fields.

          3) Since the method used to make copies of screen information on the
             printer is by pressing the PrtSc key while holding down the SHIFT
             key, you'll want to be careful about using non-printable
             characters for non-field symbols or in field prompts.  They can
             cause some printers to do all sorts of wild things.
          UM-8)              How To Use The Generated Program
                             --------------------------------
          Once the program is loaded as above described, you can remove the
          program diskette.  After a brief title display, you'll be instructed
          to mount your data disk in the drive specified during the generation
          process, and press the "C" key.  All data disks used by Ultra-Mind
          programs must be first initialized with special information.  When
          you press the "C" key, the program will look for and load in this
          information if it exists.  Otherwise, it will automatically begin
          the initialization process.  You will be asked if the data file
          should use all available disk space, or if you'd like to specify the
          maximum number of records on that diskette.  After getting your
          choice, initialization will begin.  Depending on the number of
          records that must be initialized, this can take a few minutes or so.

          When choosing the size of your data file, keep this in mind: this
          program will work most efficiently when there is lots of room on the
          disk.  Even though you know your particular program will never have
          more than 200 records, go ahead and use all available space.  The
          "Specify number of records" option is mainly included for testing
          purposes.  Diskettes are cheap, your time isn't.

          You'll also be asked to give the data diskette a "volume label".
          Just type in a word or two (Like Disk #1), and record this on the
          diskette's label.  It just identifies the diskette to the system.
          The volume label really serves no function in this program.  However,
          we envisioned it for our report generator program (forthcoming) so
          that you could extend your data file over several diskettes, yet have
          them all act as one big file for reports.  If you already know that
          your file will be too big to put on one data diskette, you might use
          this to divide your file (two disks, labeled A-L and M-Z might be an
          example for a name list file).

          Once this data diskette is loaded into the program, it is important
          that you DO NOT REMOVE THE DATA DISKETTE before doing either of two
          things:

          1) Choose the "X-tend Work To New Data Diskette" function.
          2) Choose the "Quit and return to BASIC" function.

          Removing or swapping diskettes without doing either of these will at
          best confuse the program into not knowing where the hell your data
          is and at worst absolutely destroying your data files (ouch).

          Data disk in place, initialized, and special information loaded?
          Good, now you're in the MAIN MENU area of your program.  In the
          middle of the screen are your current list of choices, which we'll
          cover in a moment, and at the top is some important information about
          your data diskette and the current status of the program.
          UM-8)
          The top of the screen lists the number of initialized records as well
          as the number of records you have already entered.  It also displays
          the volume label name of the current data diskette.  At the top left
          of the screen is a message marked "Current Record".  This is used for
          two things, first to let you know that a record has been retrieved
          using the "Get A Record" function before updating or deleting it, or
          to allow you to continue a "Search For And List Records" function
          from a certain point after aborting a search.  If no record has been
          recently retrieved with the "Get A Record" function, the current
          record will be NONE.  Otherwise, it will be a number between 1 and
          the number of records initialized on that data diskette.

          Let's go through the commands on the main menu screen:

          GET A RECORD
          ------------
          This simply retrieves an entered record and displays it on the
          screen.  It will prompt you for the key field of your desired record
          and then will search for it.  Remember to use the correct case to
          enter the key field, as this program views lowercase and uppercase
          letters differently.  JOE SMITH and joe smith and Joe Smith are each
          considered different records.  When the record is displayed, you'll
          be asked "Is This It (Y/N)?"  This allows you to find the correct
          record when two or more records have identical key fields.  If you
          just can't find a record that you know should be in there, use the
          "Search For And List Records" to scan through the data file and note
          the correct key field.

          When the correct record is displayed, you'll see a short menu at the
          bottom of the screen.  The Update, Delete, and Add functions are
          described below.  The Menu function takes you back to the main menu
          page, and the Switch Page function let's you look at the various
          pages of the record, if there are more than one.

          SEARCH FOR AND LIST RECORDS
          ---------------------------
          This function is used to list all active (and deleted if you wish)
          records in the data file, or to select records on the contents of one
          of the fields.

          You will first be asked to enter the record # to start the search or
          press <ENTER> to start at current record.  If you had just completed
          a partial search and want to continue from the point you left off,
          just press the <ENTER> key.  Otherwise, enter the record number you
          wish to start the listing with (the first record in a datafile is
          record #1).  If you press <ENTER> and there is no current record in
          memory, the search will begin at record #1.  Except for this
          function, we don't make much use of record numbers with this system.

          Next, you will be asked whether you wish to display records that have
          been deleted.  Records in a data file exist in one of three states:
          Active (meaning it contains a valid record), Deleted (meaning it
          contains a record marked as deleted), and Empty (meaning it has not
          yet ever contained a record).  Accidentally deleted records can be
          restored to active status by using this function unless they have
          been overwritten by recently added records.

          The next prompt is whether you wish to select records for display by
          the contents of one it's fields.  If you don't, you will see every
          record on file.
          UM-9)
          If you do, you'll be asked which field you wish to test.  Then,
          you'll be asked to enter a test string.  The three types of tests
          that can be made on a field are:

          >STRING  (field contains "STRING" somewhere in it)
          <STRING  (field begins with "STRING")
          =STRING  (field contains "STRING" exactly and only)

          Once again, lowercase is considered different than uppercase.  For
          our purposes here at FreeSoft, we don't use lowercase at all for
          field information and it makes life much easier.

          If a match is found, you have the choice of either continuing the
          search or aborting it.  If you abort, operation continues just as if
          the record were retrieved with the "Get A Record" function.

          ADD A RECORD
          ------------
          This function is used to add records to the data file.  It is pretty
          much a straight ahead entry procedure.  After all fields have been
          entered, you can proofread the current page and either abort the add
          or go ahead and save the record on disk.

          DELETE CURRENT RECORD
          ---------------------
          This function is used to mark records as "deleted" status.  Deleted
          records cannot be retrieved by a "Get A Record" function and can only
          be viewed by the "Search For And List Records" function.  Deleted
          records can be overwritten by newly added records as the space is
          needed.

          UPDATE CURRENT RECORD
          ---------------------
          Any of a field's records, including the key field, can be modified
          using this function.  Like the "Delete Current Record" function, the
          record must first be retrieved using the "Get A Record Function".
          You may wish to review the record and note the field numbers you
          want to modify before selecting the "Update Current Record"
          function, because the prior contents of a field are erased as soon
          as you specify that you wish to modify that field.

          X-TEND WORK TO NEW DATA DISKETTE
          --------------------------------
          This function is used to close the data file on one data diskette and
          load the special information from a new one.  The new disk must be
          already initialized or initialization procedures will begin
          automatically.  NEVER SWAP DATA DISKETTES WITHOUT SELECTING THIS
          FUNCTION FIRST!

          INITIALIZE NEW DATA DISKETTE
          ----------------------------
          This is used to perform the initialization procedures on a data
          diskette so that it can be used to hold your data file.  THIS DOES
          NOT LOAD IN THE SPECIAL INFORMATION!  Always verify that the volume
          label specified in the MAIN MENU display corresponds the data
          diskette mounted in the drive before attempting to do any work with
          it!
          UM-10)
          QUIT AND RETURN TO BASIC
          ------------------------
          This is the only approved way of ending the program.  Ending the
          program by any other means could possibly lead to a destroyed data
          file!

          Well, that about does it.  Chances are good that you'll find many
          more undocumented features (hopefully not bugs), that we'll need to
          include in the next revision of this manual.  We always appreciate
          your comments and suggestions.  Keep those cards and letters coming
          (we always wanted to say that).

          UM-11)     APPENDIX A: FORMAT OF THE ULTRA-MIND DISK FILES
                     -----------------------------------------------

          Chances are, you're going to want to do some rather exciting and
          unusual things with this package.  To aid you in your endeaver,
          here's a description of the data files used by these programs.

          In the following examples, we use the filespec TEST for the program
          name.

          TEST.HDR
          --------
          NF  - Number of defined fields
          ND  - Number of defined display pages
          TB  - Total number of field characters - 1 (one byte variable
                STAT$ is added to beginning of each record to hold
                record status: A=Active, D=Deleted, E=Empty

          TEST.ATR
          --------
          AU$ - Author's name
          NA$ - Program's filespec (including drive but without extension)
          TI$ - Program title
             For each field defined by NF in TEST.HDR:
               PG - Page number
               MR - Field prompt row
               MC - Field prompt column
               M$ - Field prompt string
               TY - Field type (1=Numeric, 2=Alphanumeric, 3=Formatted numeric,
                    4=Calculation, 5=Date, 6=Time, 7=Non-field symbols)

                   If TY=1
                   -------
                   FR  - Field row
                   FC  - Field column
                   FL  - Field length
                   AI$ - String of acceptable input characters
                   EL  - Number of edit lines
                        For each EL: EL$ - Edit line
                   SP$ - Special printing format (Y or N)
                        If SP$="Y": SF$ - special printing format string

                   If TY=2
                   -------
                   FR  - Field row
                   FC  - Field column
                   FL  - Field length
                   AI$ - String of acceptable input characters
                      If not key field:  AI$ - Null entry valid (Y or N)

                   If TY=3
                   -------
                   FR  - Field row
                   FC  - Field column
                   FL  - Field length
                   AF$ - Input format string
                   AI$ - String of acceptable input characters
          UM-12)
                   If TY=4
                   -------
                   FR  - Field row
                   FC  - Field column
                   CL  - Number of calculation lines
                       For each CL: CL$ - Calculation line string
                   SP$ - Special printing format (Y or N)
                       If SP$="Y": SF$ - Special printing format string

                   If TY=5 or TY=6
                   ---------------
                   FR - Field row
                   FC - Field column
                   FL - Field length

                   If TY=7
                   -------
                   No further variables

          TEST.VOL
          ---------
          V$ - Volume label string of data diskette

          TEST.DEF
          --------
          MAXSIZE - Number of initialized records on data diskette
          GOOD    - Number of entered records on data diskette

          TEST.DAT
          --------
          The data file is a variable length random file than varies with the
          number of fields, length of fields, etc.  Study the blocking and un-
          blocking procedures in your generated program to see the format of
          your data file.

          HASHING ALGORYTHM EXPLAINED
          ---------------------------
          This package uses a hashing routing for placing and retrieveing data
          records.  Basically, what happens is that your key field is converted
          to a number between 1 and the number of initialized records on your
          data diskette.  This becomes the record number for the record.  If a
          record is already in that location, the file is scanned sequentially
          from that record until an empty or deleted record space is found.
          The hashing algorythm we're using was developed and placed in the
          public domain by Bruce L. Tonkin and we're indebted to him for its
          usefulness.
            To be effective, the hashing algorythm must be reasonably "random"
          to insure that records will spread out through the available space
          instead of clumping together.  This is what gives this package such
          excellent retrieval speed under typical circumstances.
          UM-13)                  APPENDIX B: WISH LIST
                                  ---------------------
             For many purposes, this package will be sufficient "off the
          shelf".  However, we encourage you all to do what you do best: take a
          skeleton package and refine it to something really phenomenal.
          Here's our wish list for Ultra-Mind:

          1) Better documentation:  O.K., we admit that this isn't the best in
             the world, but it's all in there if you look close enough.  This
             manual definitely needs a re-write.  We'll take responsibility for
             this and offer the fact that we wanted to get the darned thing out
             as our only excuse.

          2) Sample definition (.HDR & .ATR) files: This is the best way for
             folks to learn how to get the fanciest use out this package.  If
             you develope a snazzy file for keeping track of your video tape
             collection or christmas card list, why not share it with all of
             us.  The definition files are rather small, so it's not necessary
             to distribute the package in generated form.  We'll give this
             responsibility to y'all.

          3) Report generator program:  We're working on this one and it should
             be ready in the first quarter of 1984.

          4) Better UPDATE function:  We sorely need an update function that
             uses the INS and DEL keys like an editor instead of wiping out the
             field to be replaced.  Any of you hot shots care to take this on?

          5) Better lineprinter support: A small assembly language program that
             would print the screen and turn all non-printable characters into
             periods would be great.  BASIC routines are just too slow.  We
             give this one to you also.

          6) Definition file editor:  Let's make it easy to take a definition
             file and either edit, delete, or add field information.  This
             would be great for "cloning" one data file's information into
             a new one, not to mention making it less frustrating when you
             make a mistake near the end of a lengthy definition session.  Any
             takers?

          7) A natural evolution would allow you to define how your title
             and main menu pages will look.

          As you can see, we've got all kinds of suggestions for making this
          product better.  After all, if we'd taken the time to do everything
          to Ultra-Mind that we wanted, you probably would never get it in your
          hands.  Sooner or later, you just have to take the darn thing and say
          "sink or swim, booger".

          One thing we do ask is that you not distribute the program in
          modified form.  Instead, offer your corrections or improvements as
          merge files.  That way, we can continue to support this package with
          updates and corrections from our end.  Otherwise, we just won't be
          able to keep track of all of the modifications floating around.  Be
          sure to send us any of your improvements or suggestions, though.
          They just might find a permanent home in Ultra-Mind.
          UM-14)             APPENDIX C: THE ULTRA-UTILITIES
                             -------------------------------

          The FreeSoft Company produces only user supported software.  If you
          find the software to be useful, we have a registration program so you
          can support us.  As long as we keep getting the great support
          we've enjoyed so far, we'll continue to add packages to our one and
          only product: The Ultra-Utilities.  Our registration and duplication
          policies are in the Library #1 documentation.  Do not distribute this
          program until you have obtained, read, and understand these policies!

          If you don't have the complete 5-volume Ultra-Utility set, you don't
          know what you're missing.  To get the entire set, read and follow the
          below carefully:

          1) We now offer two libraries of the Ultra-Utilities.  FOR EACH
             LIBRARY that you want, send us one double sided, or two single
             sided diskettes formatted 8 sectors per track.  Do not send
             diskettes formatted 9 sectors per track or we'll just waste our
             time reformatting them.

          2) Send them to us along with a POSTAGE PAID, SELF-ADDRESSED RETURN
             MAILER.  A couple of stiff pieces of cardboard is suggested for
             envelope mailers.  We will not try to protect your diskettes from
             damage any better than you do.  Also, please make sure that you've
             got the correct amount of postage.  We hate to bitch, but we
             sometimes get up to 5 requests per day that arrive postage due.

          3) Send this conglomeration to: The FreeSoft Company, P.O. Box 27608,
             St. Louis, MO  63146.  Drop a note in the envelope telling us
             which library you want and where you heard about us.  If you don't
             send enough disks for both libraries, we'll assume you want only
             Library #1.

          The Ultra-Utilities Includes:
          LIBRARY#1
          ---------
          ULTRA-ZAP: disk repair/modification utility with functions for
          display/modify disk sectors, display/modify file sectors, copy disk
          sectors, fill disk sectors, search for byte sequences (ASCII or
          numeric) in disk sectors, search for byte sequences in file sectors,
          interrogate disk format and protection schemes, modify BIOS disk
          parameter table.

          ULTRA-FORMAT: functions for formatting single standard tracks,
          re-format a "flaky" track without erasing old data, and format a
          non-standard (copy protected) track.

          ULTRA-FILE: functions for display file's directory information,
          assign or remove hidden status, assign or remove system status,
          display list of sectors allocated to a file, build a disk file from
          scratch, restore accidentally erased files, produce a unique roadmap
          of a diskette, and selectively kill files from a menu.
          UM-14)
          LIBRARY #2
          ----------
          ULTRA-OPTIMIZE: takes a standard BASIC program saved in ASCII format
          and optimizes it so that the /N switch can be used with the BASIC
          compiler to produce smaller and more efficient object code.

          ULTRA-MIND: intelligent database generator program that allows you to
          define a database with six different field types, full input control,
          and multiple full screens, and generates a unique BASIC program that
          offers record access in typical applications in less than 1/2 second
          (no matter how many records in the file).

          Coming soon to LIBRARY #2: Ultra-Report: report program generator for
          databases created with Ultra-Mind.
          All of the Ultra-Utilties work with PC-DOS versions 1.10, 2.00 and
          2.10
          UM-15)        APPENDIX D: LIMITED LICENSE FOR ULTRA-MIND
                        ------------------------------------------

          U-MIND.BAS and SKELETON.BAS are copyrighted programs and are owned
          soley by The FreeSoft Company.  You are free to use and distribute
          these and all other Ultra-Utility programs under the policies set
          forth in the LIBRARY #1 documentation manual.  By using this
          software, you agree not to distribute or duplicate any Ultra-Utility
          program until you have obtained, read, and understand all duplication
          and registration policies listed in that manual.

          You agree not to distribute any Ultra-Utility program in modified
          form and you agree not remove any information concerning The FreeSoft
          Company, it's products or copyrights from the programs or
          documentation.

          The FreeSoft Company gives sole ownership to you for all programs
          generated by Ultra-Mind.  You agree not to copyright such programs as
          not to interfere with our existing copyrights.  Otherwise, you are
          free to compile, modify, sell, or destroy any programs generated by
          Ultra-Mind.  No royalties are due The FreeSoft Company under any
          circumstance for the sale of programs generated by Ultra-Mind.

          If you have a problem with the above policies, we'll be willing to
          consider a special license for registered users only.























                      Supplementary Instructions For Ultra-Optimize
                      ---------------------------------------------

          Note: These instructions are for version 1.00 (No serial number) and
          will be updated on 02/01/1984 as part of the Ultra-Mind manual.  You
          should send for version 2.00 of Library #2 of The Ultra Utilties
          >>>AFTER<<< 02/01/84.


          Ultra-Optimize is used with a BASIC program saved in ASCII format
          (using the SAVE "FILESPEC.BAS",A syntax).  It removes unnecessary
          line numbers so that the /N switch can be used with the BASIC
          compiler to produce smaller and more efficient object code.

          Since an optimized file cannot be loaded by the BASIC interpreter,
          all debugging and trial compilations should be done on the
          un-optimized file.  The optimized file will operate exactly like the
          un-optimized version, except of course in many cases it will execute
          must faster and require less disk space.

          Ultra-Optimize will execute slightly faster if you request that it
          not display line numbers during operation.  We generally name the
          optimized file with the same filespec, but an extension of .CMP to
          designate that it is for the compiler only.

          Hope you find use for this utility. Don't forget to contact us for
          Library #1 programs if you haven't done so already.  Either Library
          #1 (Ultra-Zap, Ultra-Format, and Ultra-File) or Library #2
          (Ultra-Mind and Ultra-Optimize) can be ordered by sending one
          double-sided or two single-sided diskettes formatted 8 sectors per
          track (DOS 1.10 style), and a self-addressed, postage-paid return
          mailer to: The FreeSoft Company, P.O. Box 27608, St. Louis, MO 63146.
          Don't forget to specify which library you want.

          Sincerely,
          Wat Buchanon, President
          The FreeSoft Company


 Volume in drive A has no label
 Directory of A:\

U-MIND   DOC     51120  11-20-84   5:14p
U-OPT    DOC      2124  11-20-84   5:18p
DOC41    TXT     52574  11-20-84   5:23p
DOC42    TXT     23210  11-20-84   5:26p
U-OPT    EXE     25601  11-20-84   5:45p
SKELETON BAS     23809  11-28-84  10:49p
U-MIND   BAS     15233  11-28-84  10:51p
CRC      TXT       911  12-18-84   9:29a
CRCK4    COM      1536  10-21-82   5:50p
        9 file(s)     196118 bytes
                      121856 bytes free